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tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 early life and education 2 career 3 personal life and death 4 notes 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents aage bohr 76 languages العربية مصرى अवधी تۆرکجه беларуская български বাংলা català čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego 客家語 hak kâ ngî עברית हिन्दी hrvatski kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido italiano 日本語 ქართული қазақша 한국어 latina lëtzebuergesch lietuvių latviešu македонски मराठी bahasa melayu mirandés مازِرونی napulitano plattdüütsch नेपाल भाषा nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan polski پنجابی português română русский संस्कृतम् scots simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska kiswahili тоҷикӣ tagalog türkçe татарча tatarça українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 吴语 მარგალური yorùbá 閩南語 bân lâm gí 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia danish physicist 1922 2009 aage bohr bohr in 1955 born 1922 06 19 19 june 1922 copenhagen denmark died 8 september 2009 2009 09 08 aged 87 copenhagen denmark education university of copenhagen known for geometry of atomic nuclei spouse s marietta soffer m 1950 died 1978 bente scharff meyer m 1981 children 3 parent s niels bohr father margrethe nørlund mother awards dannie heineman prize for mathematical physics 1960 atoms for peace award 1969 h c ørsted medal 1970 foreign associate of the national academy of sciences 1971 rutherford medal and prize 1972 john price wetherill medal 1974 nobel prize in physics 1975 scientific career fields nuclear physics workplaces manhattan project institute for advanced study columbia university university of copenhagen thesis rotational states of atomic nuclei 1954 aage niels bohr danish ˈɔːwə ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ ⓘ 19 june 1922 8 september 2009 was a danish nuclear physicist who shared the nobel prize in physics in 1975 with ben roy mottelson and james rainwater for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection 1 his father was niels bohr starting from rainwater s concept of an irregular shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus bohr and mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments since his father niels bohr had won the prize in 1922 he and his father are one of the several pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the nobel prize 2 3 early life and education edit bohr was born in copenhagen on 19 june 1922 the fourth of six sons of the physicist niels bohr and his wife margrethe bohr née nørlund 4 his oldest brother christian died in a boating accident in 1934 5 and his youngest harald was severely disabled and placed away from the home in copenhagen at the age of four 6 7 of the others hans became a physician erik a chemical engineer and ernest a lawyer and olympic athlete who played field hockey for denmark at the 1948 summer olympics in london 8 9 the family lived at the institute of theoretical physics at the university of copenhagen now known as the niels bohr institute where he grew up surrounded by physicists who were working with his father such as hans kramers oskar klein yoshio nishina wolfgang pauli and werner heisenberg 4 in 1932 the family moved to the carlsberg æresbolig a mansion donated by carl jacobsen the heir to carlsberg breweries to be used as an honorary residence by the dane who had made the most prominent contribution to science literature or the arts 10 bohr went to high school at sortedam gymnasium in copenhagen in 1940 shortly after the german occupation of denmark in april he entered the university of copenhagen where he studied physics he assisted his father helping draft correspondence and articles related to epistemology and physics 4 in september 1943 word reached his family that the nazis considered them to be jewish because bohr s grandmother ellen adler bohr had been jewish and that they therefore were in danger of being arrested the danish resistance helped the family escape by sea to sweden 11 bohr arrived there in october 1943 and then flew to britain on a de havilland mosquito operated by british overseas airways corporation the mosquitoes were unarmed high speed bomber aircraft that had been converted to carry small valuable cargoes or important passengers by flying at high speed and high altitude they could cross german occupied norway and yet avoid german fighters bohr equipped with a parachute flying suit and oxygen mask spent the three hour flight lying on a mattress in the aircraft s bomb bay 12 on arrival in london bohr rejoined his father who had flown to britain the week before 12 he officially became a junior researcher at the department of scientific and industrial research but actually served as personal assistant and secretary to his father the two worked on tube alloys the british atomic bomb project on 30 december 1943 they made the first of a number of visits to the united states where his father was a consultant to the manhattan project 13 due to his father s fame they were given false names bohr became james baker and his father nicholas baker 14 in 1945 the director of the los alamos laboratory j robert oppenheimer asked them to review the design of the modulated neutron initiator they reported that it would work that they had reached this conclusion put enrico fermi s concerns about the viability of the design to rest 14 the initiators performed flawlessly in the bombs used in the atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki in august 1945 15 career edit in august 1945 with the war ended bohr returned to denmark where he resumed his university education graduating with a master s degree in 1946 with a thesis concerned with some aspects of atomic stopping power problems 4 in early 1948 bohr became a member of the institute for advanced study in princeton new jersey 16 while paying a visit to columbia university he met isidor isaac rabi who sparked in him an interest in recent discoveries related to the hyperfine structure of deuterium this led to bohr becoming a visiting fellow at columbia from january 1949 to august 1950 4 17 by the late 1940s it was known that the properties of atomic nuclei could not be explained by then current models such as the liquid drop model developed by niels bohr amongst others the shell model developed in 1949 by maria goeppert mayer and others allowed some additional features to be explained in particular the so called magic numbers however there were also properties that could not be explained including the non spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei 18 in a 1950 paper james rainwater of columbia university suggested a variant of the drop model of the nucleus that could explain a non spherical charge distribution 19 rainwater s model postulated a nucleus like a balloon with balls inside that distort the surface as they move about he discussed the idea with bohr who was visiting columbia at the time and had independently conceived the same idea and had about a month after rainwater s submission submitted for publication a paper that discussed the same problem but along more general lines bohr imagined a rotating irregular shaped nucleus with a form of surface tension 20 bohr developed the idea further in 1951 publishing a paper that comprehensively treated the relationship between oscillations of the surface of the nucleus and the movement of the individual nucleons 21 upon his return to copenhagen in 1950 bohr began working with ben roy mottelson to compare the theoretical work with experimental data in three papers that were published in 1952 and 1953 bohr and mottelson demonstrated close agreement between theory and experiment for example showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum 22 23 24 they were thereby able to reconcile the shell model with rainwater s concept 20 this work stimulated many new theoretical and experimental studies 18 bohr mottelson and rainwater were jointly awarded the 1975 nobel prize in physics for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection 1 because his father had been awarded the prize in 1922 bohr became one of only four pairs of fathers and sons to win the nobel prize in physics 25 only after doing his nobel prize winning research did bohr receive his doctorate from the university of copenhagen in 1954 writing his thesis on rotational states of atomic nuclei 26 bohr became a professor at the university of copenhagen in 1956 and following his father s death in 1962 succeeded him as director of the niels bohr institute a position he held until 1970 he remained active there until he retired in 1992 27 he was also a member of the board of the nordic institute for theoretical physics from its inception in 1957 and was its director from 1975 to 1981 28 in addition to the nobel prize he won the dannie heineman prize for mathematical physics in 1960 the atoms for peace award in 1969 h c ørsted medal in 1970 rutherford medal and prize in 1972 john price wetherill medal in 1974 and the ole rømer medal in 1976 16 29 30 bohr and mottelson continued to work together publishing a two volume monograph nuclear structure the first volume single particle motion appeared in 1969 the second nuclear deformations in 1975 4 in 1972 bohr was awarded an honorary degree doctor philos honoris causa at the norwegian institute of technology later part of norwegian university of science and technology 31 he was a member of the norwegian academy of science and letters from 1980 32 bohr was also an elected member of the american academy of arts and sciences 33 the american philosophical society 34 and the united states national academy of sciences 35 in 1981 bohr became a founding member of the world cultural council 36 personal life and death edit while in the united states at columbia university bohr married marietta soffer 9 may 1922 2 october 1978 on 11 march 1950 they had three children sons vilhelm born 3 december 1950 tomas and daughter margrethe 17 after soffer s death in 1978 bohr married bente scharff meyer 18 april 1926 25 may 2011 in 1981 37 aage bohr died in copenhagen on 8 september 2009 27 he was survived by his second wife and children 37 tomas became a professor of physics at the technical university of denmark working in the area of fluid dynamics 38 vilhelm a biochemist who studies dna repair spent most of his career at the national institute on aging in baltimore and later became a professor at the university of copenhagen 39 bohr s nobel prize medal was sold at auction in november 2011 it was subsequently sold at auction in april 2019 for 90 000 40 notes edit 1 2 the nobel prize in physics 1975 the nobel foundation retrieved 12 may 2015 nobel prize faq the nobel foundation archived from the original on 22 december 2015 retrieved 22 february 2020 facts on the nobel prize in physics the nobel foundation retrieved 22 february 2020 1 2 3 4 5 6 aage n bohr biographical the nobel foundation retrieved 12 may 2015 stuewer 1985 p 204 udstilling om brejnings historie hitter i vejle ugeavisen dk in danish 11 april 2022 retrieved 14 july 2022 pais 1991 pp 226 249 niels bohr biography nobelprize org retrieved 10 november 2011 evans hilary gjerde arild heijmans jeroen mallon bill et al ernest bohr olympics at sports reference com sports reference llc archived from the original on 18 april 2020 retrieved 12 february 2013 pais 1991 pp 322 333 rhodes 1986 pp 483 484 1 2 jones 1985 p 280 gowing 1964 pp 248 249 1 2 hoddeson et al 1993 p 95 hoddeson et al 1993 pp 264 265 308 309 390 397 1 2 bohr aage niels institute for advanced study archived from the original on 7 january 2013 retrieved 13 may 2015 1 2 chang kenneth 10 september 2009 aage bohr physicist s son who won nobel dies at 87 the new york times 1 2 bohr aage 11 december 1975 rotational motion in nuclei nobel lecture pdf copenhagen the niels bohr institute and nordita archived pdf from the original on 9 october 2022 retrieved 14 may 2015 rainwater james august 1950 nuclear energy level argument for a spheroidal nuclear model physical review 79 3 american physical society 432 434 bibcode 1950phrv 79 432r doi 10 1103 physrev 79 432 1 2 lewin roger sherwood martin walgate robert 23 october 1975 nobel prizes 1975 medicine chemistry and physics and fifty years ago new scientist 68 972 issn 0262 4079 bohr aage january 1951 on the quantization of angular momenta in heavy nuclei physical review 81 1 american physical society 134 138 bibcode 1951phrv 81 134b doi 10 1103 physrev 81 134 bohr aage mottelson ben r 1953 collective and individual particle aspects of nuclear structure pdf matematisk fysiske meddelelser det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskab 27 16 archived pdf from the original on 9 october 2022 retrieved 30 march 2018 bohr aage mottelson ben r january 1953 interpretation of isomeric transitions of electric quadrupole type physical review 89 1 american physical society 316 317 bibcode 1953phrv 89 316b doi 10 1103 physrev 89 316 bohr aage mottelson ben r may 1953 rotational states in even even nuclei physical review 90 4 american physical society 717 719 bibcode 1953phrv 90 717b doi 10 1103 physrev 90 717 2 facts on the nobel prizes in physics the nobel foundation retrieved 12 may 2015 the others william henry bragg 1915 and william lawrence bragg 1915 j j thomson 1906 and george paget thomson 1937 and manne siegbahn 1924 and kai m siegbahn 1981 two pairs of fathers and sons have won nobel prizes in other fields hans von euler chelpin chemistry 1929 and ulf von euler medicine 1970 and arthur kornberg medicine 1969 and roger d kornberg chemistry 2006 rotational states of atomic nuclei columbia university 1954 oclc 04312983 retrieved 14 may 2015 1 2 anderson morten garly 10 september 2009 nobelprisvinderen aage bohr er død nobel prize winner aage bohr has died viden in danish archived from the original on 13 september 2009 nobel laureate aage bohr has died niels bohr institute 10 september 2009 archived from the original on 18 may 2015 retrieved 14 may 2015 zichichi antonino aage bohr pontifical academy of sciences retrieved 30 may 2012 rutherford medal recipients institute of physics retrieved 14 may 2015 honorary doctors at ntnu norwegian university of science and technology utenlandske medlemmer in norwegian norwegian academy of...