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Text of the page (random words):
ience agricultural history review arab agricultural revolution argentina canada china chile columbian exchange green revolution indian subcontinent mesoamerica middle ages neolithic revolution organic farming palestine peru united kingdom british agricultural revolution cheshire scotland united states african american california on land agrivoltaic animal husbandry cattle pigs poultry sheep dairy dryland extensive fertilizer free range grazing convertible husbandry rotational grazing hobby intensive animals pigs crops natural monoculture orchard organic paddy field ranching sharecropping sowing colonia slash and burn smallholding terrace steam sterilization hydroculture aquaculture aquaponics hydroponics aeroponics related agribusiness agricultural cooperative agricultural supplies agricultural science agricultural engineering agricultural technology precision biotechnology agroforestry agronomy animal husbandry animal free agriculture cash crop cellular agriculture cultural methods contract farming extensive farming farm farmhouse feed ratio free range horticulture intensive farming animals pigs crops mechanised agriculture organic farming paludiculture permaculture plantation polyculture rice duck farming rice fish system sustainable agriculture sustainable food system universities and colleges urban agriculture lists agriculturist profession agricultural machinery food origins government ministries universities and colleges categories agricultural machinery agriculture and the environment agriculture by country agriculture companies biotechnology cannabis cultivation history of agriculture livestock meat industry poultry farming agriculture portal v t e agricultural science or agriscience for short 1 is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact natural economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists history edit main article history of agricultural science in the 18th century johann friedrich mayer conducted experiments on the use of gypsum hydrated calcium sulfate as a fertilizer 2 in 1843 john bennet lawes and joseph henry gilbert began a set of long term field experiments at rothamsted research in england some of which are still running as of 2018 3 4 5 in the united states a scientific revolution in agriculture began with the hatch act of 1887 which used the term agricultural science 6 7 the hatch act was driven by farmers interest in knowing the constituents of early artificial fertilizer the smith hughes act of 1917 shifted agricultural education back to its vocational roots but the scientific foundation had been built 8 for the next 44 years after 1906 federal expenditures on agricultural research in the united states outpaced private expenditures 9 xxi environmental impact edit climate change has had significant effects on modern agriculture making weather patterns less predictable and increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as prolonged droughts floods and heatwaves as a result crop production has become more uncertain even in regions that were previously characterised by relatively stable climatic conditions 10 changes in temperature and rainfall regimes are also contributing to soil erosion desertification and the degradation of water resources with implications for long term agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods 11 to address these issues there has been increasing interest in agricultural research and practice in the so called climate smart strategies aimed at adapting agricultural systems to the existing and the forecasted climate effects and the minimisation of greenhouse gas emissions wherever feasible these measures involve more efficient use of water and nutrients crop and agriculture system diversification soil and water protection and creating crops and livestock strains more resistant to heat and drought among other challenges the thrust of these endeavors defines the fundamental importance of agricultural science to the maintenance of food production safeguarding natural resources and promoting resilience to environmental change 12 prominent agricultural scientists edit norman borlaug father of the green revolution wilbur olin atwater robert bakewell norman borlaug luther burbank george washington carver carl henry clerk george c clerk rené dumont masanobu fukuoka sir albert howard kailas nath kaul thomas lecky justus von liebig jay laurence lush gregor mendel louis pasteur m s swaminathan jethro tull artturi ilmari virtanen sewall wright fields or related disciplines edit agricultural biotechnology agricultural chemistry agricultural diversification agricultural education agricultural economics agricultural engineering agricultural geography agricultural marketing agricultural soil science soil science agroecology agronomy botany theoretical production ecology horticulture plant breeding plant fertilization agrophysics animal science animal breeding animal husbandry animal nutrition biological engineering genetic engineering entomology environmental science farm management fisheries science aquaculture fisheries marine fisheries food science human nutrition irrigation and water management microbiology plant pathology nematology range management waste management weed science scope edit agriculture agricultural science and agronomy are closely related however they cover different concepts agriculture is the set of activities that transform the environment for the production of animals and plants for human use agriculture concerns techniques including the application of agronomic research agronomy is research and development related to studying and improving plant based crops geoponics is the science of cultivating the earth 13 hydroponics involves growing plants without soil by using water based mineral nutrient solutions in an artificial environment research topics edit agricultural sciences include research and development on 14 15 improving agricultural productivity in terms of quantity and quality e g selection of drought resistant crops and animals development of new pesticides yield sensing technologies simulation models of crop growth in vitro cell culture techniques minimizing the effects of pests weeds insects pathogens mollusks nematodes on crop or animal production systems transformation of primary products into end consumer products e g production preservation and packaging of dairy products prevention and correction of adverse environmental effects e g soil degradation waste management bioremediation theoretical production ecology relating to crop production modeling traditional agricultural systems sometimes termed subsistence agriculture which feed most of the poorest people in the world these systems are of interest as they sometimes retain a level of integration with natural ecological systems greater than that of industrial agriculture which may be more sustainable than some modern agricultural systems food production and demand globally with particular attention paid to the primary producers such as china india brazil the us and the eu various sciences relating to agricultural resources and the environment e g soil science agroclimatology biology of agricultural crops and animals e g crop science animal science and their included sciences e g ruminant nutrition farm animal welfare such fields as agricultural economics and rural sociology various disciplines encompassed in agricultural engineering see also edit agricultural research council agricultural sciences basic topics agriculture ministry agroecology american society of agronomy consultative group on international agricultural research cgiar crop science society of america farm management genomics of domestication history of agricultural science indian council of agricultural research institute of food and agricultural sciences international assessment of agricultural science and technology for development international food policy research institute ifpri international institute of tropical agriculture international livestock research institute list of agriculture topics national agricultural library nal national ffa organization research institute of crop production ricp in the czech republic soil science society of america usda agricultural research service university of agricultural sciences references edit agriscience meaning definition for uk english oxford dictionary of english oxford university press via lexico archived from the original on 20 february 2022 retrieved 20 february 2022 john armstrong jesse buel a treatise on agriculture the present condition of the art abroad and at home and the theory and practice of husbandry to which is added a dissertation on the kitchen and garden 1840 p 45 the long term experiments rothamsted research archived from the original on 27 march 2018 retrieved 26 march 2018 fertilizer history the haber bosch process tfi org 19 november 2014 archived from the original on 1 august 2020 retrieved 14 december 2022 lawes and gilbert an unlikely victorian agricultural partnership harpenden history retrieved 14 december 2022 the hatch act of 1887 national institute of food and agriculture retrieved 14 december 2022 hatch act of 1887 college of life sciences and agriculture 23 november 2020 archived from the original on 14 december 2022 retrieved 14 december 2022 hillison j 1996 the origins of agriscience or where did all that scientific agriculture come from archived 2 october 2008 at the wayback machine journal of agricultural education huffman we evenson re 2006 science for agriculture blackwell publishing climate change impacts on agriculture and food supply united states environmental protection agency retrieved 6 december 2025 climate change and water united nations retrieved 6 december 2025 climate smart agriculture food and agriculture organization of the united nations retrieved 6 december 2025 geoponics merriam webster com dictionary merriam webster https www merriam webster com dictionary geoponics accessed 17 nov 2024 bosso thelma 2015 agricultural science callisto reference isbn 978 1 63239 058 5 boucher jude 2018 agricultural science and management callisto reference isbn 978 1 63239 965 6 further reading edit agricultural research livelihoods and poverty studies of economic and social impacts in six countries edited by michelle adato and ruth meinzen dick 2007 johns hopkins university press food policy report 1 claude bourguignon regenerating the soil from agronomy to agrology other india press 2005 pimentel david pimentel marcia computer les kilocalories cérès n 59 sept oct 1977 russell e walter soil conditions and plant growth longman group london new york 1973 salamini francesco özkan hakan brandolini andrea schäfer pregl ralf martin william 2002 genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the near east nature reviews genetics 3 6 429 441 doi 10 1038 nrg817 pmid 12042770 s2cid 25166879 saltini antonio storia delle scienze agrarie 4 vols bologna 1984 89 isbn 88 206 2412 5 isbn 88 206 2413 3 isbn 88 206 2414 1 isbn 88 206 2415 x vavilov nicolai i starr chester k editor the origin variation immunity and breeding of cultivated plants selected writings in chronica botanica 13 1 6 waltham mass 1949 50 vavilov nicolai i world resources of cereals leguminous seed crops and flax academy of sciences of urss national science foundation washington israel program for scientific translations jerusalem 1960 winogradsky serge microbiologie du sol problèmes et methodes cinquante ans de recherches masson c ie paris 1949 wikimedia commons has media related to agricultural science v t e agriculture outline history index occupations agriculturist agricultural engineer farmer farm worker herder general agribusiness agricultural cooperative agricultural supplies agricultural science agricultural engineering agricultural technology precision biotechnology agroforestry agronomy animal husbandry animal free agriculture cash crop cellular agriculture cultural methods contract farming extensive farming farm farmhouse feed ratio free range horticulture intensive farming animals pigs crops mechanised agriculture organic farming paludiculture permaculture plantation polyculture rice duck farming rice fish system sustainable agriculture sustainable food system universities and colleges urban agriculture history west asia ancient egypt ancient greece ancient rome austronesia agricultural science agricultural history review arab agricultural revolution argentina canada china chile columbian exchange green revolution indian subcontinent mesoamerica middle ages neolithic revolution organic farming palestine peru united kingdom british agricultural revolution cheshire scotland united states african american california farming types agrivoltaic aquaculture cattle cannabis cultivation dairy farming desert farming dryland farming fur farming goat farming grazing convertible husbandry rotational grazing transhumance hydroponics insect farming livestock pasture mixed monoculture orchards paddy field pastoral bocage pig farming poultry farming ranch rainfed agriculture subsistence agriculture sheep farming terrace wildlife farming environmental impact agricultural expansion agricultural pollution agricultural wastewater environmental impact of irrigation overdrafting climate change and agriculture multiple breadbasket failure overgrazing categories agricultural machinery agriculture and the environment agriculture by country agriculture companies biotechnology cannabis cultivation history of agriculture livestock meat industry poultry farming lists agriculturist profession agricultural machinery food origins government ministries universities and colleges category portal commons wikiproject authority control databases international gnd fast national united states czech republic other historical dictionary of switzerland yale lux agricultural research livelihoods and poverty international food policy research institute ifpri archived 26 june 2010 at the wayback machine retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title agricultural_science oldid 1351186760 category agricultural science hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from december 2023 articles with excerpts webarchive template wayback links commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 26 april 2026 at 13 42 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of 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