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philadelphia and second siege of philadelphia philadelphia was a prosperous byzantine city that was called the little athens in the 6th century ad because of its festivals and temples 21 presumably that indicates that the city was not entirely converted to christianity in about 600 the domed basilica of st john was built remains of which are the main archaeological attraction in the modern city the byzantine walls that once surrounded the city have all but crumbled away a few remnants are still visible at the northeast edge of town near the bus stand the city was taken by the seljuk turks in 1074 and 1093 1094 in 1098 during the first crusade it was recovered by byzantine emperor alexios i in the 11th to the 15th centuries ad it was the seat of the doux governor and stratopedarches military commander of the thrakesion theme it was the centre of several revolts against ruling byzantine emperors in 1182 led by john komnenos vatatzes and 1188 1205 or 1206 led by theodore mangaphas a local philadelphian against isaac ii angelos at that time the bishopric of philadelphia was promoted to metropolis 22 in the 14th century philadelphia was made the metropolis of lydia by the greek orthodox patriarch of constantinople a status that it still holds it was granted this honour because the city did not capitulate to the ottomans the city was prosperous especially in the 13th and 14th centuries there was a genoese trading colony and the city was an important producer of leather goods and red dyed silk whence perhaps its turkish name which probably means red city 23 by the 14th century the city was surrounded by ottoman emirates but maintained nominal allegiance to the byzantine emperor the city remained prosperous through trade and its strategic location philadelphia was an independent neutral city under the influence of the latin knights of rhodes when it was taken in 1390 by bayezid i prior to bayezid i s conquest it was the last byzantine greek stronghold in asia minor 7 9 twelve years later it was captured by timur who built a wall with the corpses of his prisoners 4 later it passed into the rule of junayd until it was ultimately captured by murad ii 24 modern period edit from 1867 until 1922 alaşehir was part of the aidin vilayet of the ottoman empire in 1890 its population consisted of 17 000 muslims and 4 000 greeks according to vital cuinet 7 through the end of the greco turkish war alaşehir was largely destroyed by fires set by retreating greek forces patrick kinross wrote alaşehir was no more than a dark scorched cavity defacing the hillside village after village had been reduced to an ash heap 25 it is estimated that some 3 000 people died and 4 300 out of 4 500 buildings were destroyed in the burning of alaşehir 26 a suburb of athens nea filadelfia new philadelphia is named from the greek refugees from alaşehir in greek known as philadelphia who settled there following the war and the population exchange between greece and turkey of 1923 the city was the site of the alaşehir congress in 1919 in 1969 a magnitude 6 7 earthquake struck the city and killed 53 people 27 archaeological remains edit for survey of remains see erdoğan 2015 28 ancient theater 38 20 45 n 28 30 50 e 38 345933 n 28 513970 e 38 345933 28 513970 ancient stadium 38 20 44 n 28 30 41 e 38 345633 n 28 511265 e 38 345633 28 511265 ancient temple 38 20 44 n 28 30 52 e 38 345505 n 28 514556 e 38 345505 28 514556 necropolis and hypogea 38 20 53 n 28 30 29 e 38 348176 n 28 507955 e 38 348176 28 507955 byzantine city walls 38 21 02 n 28 31 25 e 38 350563 n 28 523595 e 38 350563 28 523595 basilica of st john 38 20 57 n 28 31 03 e 38 349191 n 28 517434 e 38 349191 28 517434 composition edit there are 87 neighbourhoods in alaşehir district 29 akkeçili alhan aydoğdu azıtepe badınca bahadır bahçedere bahçeliköy baklacı barış belenyaka beşeylül caberburhan caberfakılı caberkonaklı çağlayan çakırcaali çamlıbel çarıkbozdağ çarıkkaralar çarıktekke çeşneli dağarlar dağhacıyusuf delemenler erenköy esentepe evrenli fatih girelli göbekli gülenyaka gülpınar gümüşçay gürsu hacıbey hacıhaliller horzumalayaka horzumembelli horzumkeserler horzumsazdere ilgın ilıca işıklar i̇smailbey i̇smetiye i̇stasyon karacalar karadağ kasaplı kavaklıdere kemaliye kestanederesi killik kozluca kurtuluş kurudere matarlı menderes narlıdere örencik örnekköy osmaniye piyadeler şahyar sakarya sarıpınar sarısu selce serinköy serinyayla şeyhsinan sobran soğanlı soğuksu soğukyurt subaşı tepeköy toygarlı türkmen uluderbent üzümlü yeni yenice yeniköy yeşilyurt yuvacalı notable people from alaşehir edit joannes laurentius lydus b 490 byzantine greek administrator and writer constantine angelos c 1093 after 1166 byzantine aristocrat military commander and sebastohypertatos theodore mangaphas known also as morotheodoros fl c 1188 1205 byzantine greek military officer and usurper matthew of ephesus 1272 3 1355 7 byzantine greek theologian writer and metropolitan of ephesus kenan evren turkish president and general ange postecoglou greek australian professionall football manager and former player has ancestral ties to the town through his paternal grandparents who were from alasehir and migrated to athens greece during the greek turkish populations exchange in 1923 notable bishops edit church of st john cyriacus at the council of philippopolis 344 theodosius deposed at the council of seleucia 359 theophanes at the first council of ephesus 431 john at the third council of constantinople 680 theoleptos of philadelphia 1283 1322 led defense of the city against the turks during the second siege of philadelphia his writings include religious poetry monastic treatises anti arsenite writings and a series of letters macarius chrysocephalas 1336 1382 candidate for patriarchate in 1353 wrote rhodonia anthology of proverbs and gnomai catenae chains quotations from theologians attached to bible verses on matthew and luke homilies and a vita of saint meletios of galesios greek orthodox metropolises in asia minor c 1880 gabrius severus 1577 wrote works against the latins gerasimus blachus 1679 author of numerous works meletius typaldus 1685 deposed for becoming a catholic philadelphia remains the seat of the metropolis of philadelphia 30 which has been a titular see since the greco turkish population exchange although the philadelphia area was an orthodox area the roman catholic church have maintained a rival titular bishop of philadelphia since the 1500s 31 catholic bishops have included bernardo jordán 14 apr 1535 appointed 1539 philippe musnier 15 jun 1545 marcus lyresius 8 jan 1603 appointed 28 jun 1611 georg christoph rösch 16 jul 1612 appointed 30 nov 1634 michael dalmeras 23 oct 1623 appointed 13 dec 1629 william giles 9 sep 1904 appointed 28 jul 1913 domenico pasi 9 sep 1913 appointed 15 dec 1919 francis vazhapilly 7 apr 1921 appointed 21 dec 1923 agnello renzullo 11 apr 1924 appointed 20 oct 1925 luigi mazzini 24 jun 1926 appointed 13 dec 1950 died pietro zuccarino 5 jan 1951 appointed 29 nov 1953 joão de deus ramalho 9 dec 1953 appointed 25 feb 1958 augustin arce mostajo 22 may 1958 appointed 26 nov 1970 see also edit history portal philadelphia city in the us state of pennsylvania christianity in the 1st century christianity in the 2nd century early centers of christianity early christian art and architecture early christianity list of earthquakes in turkey notes edit 1 2 address based population registration system adnks results dated 31 december 2022 favorite reports xls tüi̇k retrieved 12 july 2023 büyükşehir i̇lçe belediyesi archived 2023 03 06 at the wayback machine turkey civil administration departments inventory retrieved 12 july 2023 i̇l ve i̇lçe yüz ölçümleri general directorate of mapping retrieved 12 july 2023 1 2 one or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 ala shehr encyclopædia britannica vol 1 11th ed cambridge university press p 472 philadelphia international standard bible encyclopedia 1915 pétridès s 1913 philadelphia in herbermann charles ed catholic encyclopedia new york robert appleton company 1 2 3 4 berger albrecht 2010 alaşehir in fleet kate krämer gudrun matringe denis nawas john rowson everett eds encyclopaedia of islam 3rd ed brill online issn 1873 9830 1 2 habicht c 1989 the seleucids and their rivals in astin a e walbank f w frederiksen m w ogilvie r m eds the cambridge ancient history volume viii rome and the mediterranean to 133 b c cambridge cambridge university press p 376 isbn 978 0 5212 3448 1 1 2 3 4 olshausen eckhart 2006 philadelphia in salazar christine f landfester manfred gentry francis g eds brill s new pauly brill online brent allen 1999 the imperial cult and the development of church order concepts and images of authority in paganism and early christianity before the age of cyprian brill p 188 gibb h a r kramers j h lévi provençal e schacht j lewis b pellat ch eds 1960 ala s̲h̲ehir the encyclopaedia of islam second edition volume i a b leiden e j brill p 346 oclc 495469456 annuario pontificio 2013 libreria editrice vaticana 2013 isbn 978 88 209 9070 1 sedi titolari pp 819 1013 revelation 1 11 smith william ed 1854 1857 asia dictionary of greek and roman geography london john murray w m ramsay the letters to the seven churches of asia 1904 p 391 412 revelation 1 11 revelation 3 8 english standard version cf pope leo xiv dilexi te apostolic exhortation on love for the poor paragraph 1 published on 4 october 2025 accessed on 12 october 2025 koester craig r 2014 revelation a new translation with introduction and commentary the anchor yale bible vol 38a new haven yale university press pp 321 332 isbn 978 0 300 14488 8 andrew of caesarea commentary on the apocalypse trans eugenia scarvelis constantinou the fathers of the church vol 123 the catholic university of america press washington d c 2011 pp 75 77 isbn 978 0 8132 0123 8 kidson l m 2018 may 28 ammia in philadelphia engendered ideas https engenderedideas wordpress com 2018 05 28 ammia in philadelphia lydus de mensibus 4 58 kiminas demetrius 2009 the ecumenical patriarchate wildside press llc p 89 isbn 9781434458766 i beldiceanu steinherr notes pour l histoire d alaşehir philadelphie au xive siècle in h ahrweiler 1984 philadelphie et autres études byzantina sorbonensia 4 centre de recherches d histoire et de civilisation byzantines paris p 33 alaşehi̇r ege bölgesinde manisa iline bağlı ilçe merkezi tdv encyclopedia of islam 44 2 vols in turkish istanbul presidency of religious affairs centre for islamic studies 1988 2016 kinross lord 1960 atatürk the rebirth of a nation weidenfeld nicolson p 318 isbn 978 0 297 82036 9 cite book isbn date incompatibility help mango atatürk p 343 m 6 7 9 km wsw of kula turkey earthquake usgs gov u s geological survey retrieved 6 january 2022 orçun erdoğan the remains from late antiquity and the east roman periods and their location within the lydian city of philadelphia new comments mediterranean journal of humanities 5 2 2015 251 274 mahalle archived 2023 03 06 at the wayback machine turkey civil administration departments inventory retrieved 19 september 2023 kiminas demetrius 2009 the ecumenical patriarchate wildside press p89 philadelphia at catholic hierarchy org references edit wikivoyage has a travel guide for alaşehir the letters to the seven churches of asia and their place in the plan of the apocalypse w m ramsay d c l litt d ll d professor of humanity in the university of aberdeen 1904 external links edit ala shehr encyclopædia britannica vol i 9th ed 1878 p 443 alaşehir the levantine ceramics project philadelphia i an ancient town of lydia the american cyclopædia 1879 this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain pétridès s 1913 philadelphia catholic encyclopedia v t e alaşehir in manisa province of turkey districts ahmetli akhisar alaşehir demirci gölmarmara gördes kırkağaç köprübaşı kula salihli sarıgöl saruhanlı şehzadeler selendi soma turgutlu yunusemre districts of manisa list of provinces by region istanbul istanbul west marmara balıkesir çanakkale edirne kırklareli tekirdağ aegean afyonkarahisar aydın denizli i̇zmir kütahya manisa muğla uşak east marmara bilecik bursa düzce eskişehir kocaeli sakarya yalova west anatolia ankara karaman konya mediterranean adana antalya burdur hatay isparta kahramanmaraş mersin osmaniye central anatolia aksaray kayseri kırıkkale kırşehir nevşehir niğde sivas yozgat west black sea amasya bartın bolu çankırı çorum karabük kastamonu samsun sinop tokat zonguldak east black sea artvin giresun gümüşhane ordu rize trabzon northeast anatolia ağrı ardahan bayburt erzincan erzurum iğdır kars central east anatolia bingöl bitlis elazığ hakkâri malatya muş tunceli van southeast anatolia adıyaman batman diyarbakır gaziantep kilis mardin siirt şanlıurfa şırnak metropolitan municipalities are bolded v t e seven churches of asia ephesus smyrna pergamon thyatira sardis philadelphia modern alaşehir laodicea v t e hellenistic macedonian colonies africa alexandria ptolemais hermiou asia ai khanoum alexandretta antioch apamea alexandria arachosia alexandria ariana alexandria eschate alexandria in the caucasus alexandria on the indus alexandria prophthasia attalia boukephala and nikaia edessa laodicea paralos laodicea in phoenicia nicaea philadelphia seleucia seleucia pieria serraepolis europe antigonia paeonia alexandropolis maedica authority control databases international viaf gnd national united states france bnf data israel other idref i̇slâm ansiklopedisi retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title alaşehir oldid 1378042661 categories alaşehir 189 bc 180s bc establishments populated places established in the 2nd century bc attalid colonies roman towns and cities in turkey catholic titular sees in asia populated places in manisa province districts of manisa province metropolitan district municipalities in turkey ancient greek archaeological sites in turkey hidden categories pages using gadget wikiminiatlas articles with short description short description is different from wikidata coordinates on wikidata pages with turkish ipa webarchive template wayback links articles containing greek language text wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 encyclopædia britannica articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 catholic encyclopedia with wikisource reference wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the dgrg without wikisource reference all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from october 2018 cs1 turkish language sources tr cs1 errors isbn date wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from eb9 wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the american cyclopaedia wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the american cyclopaedia 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