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at inform consumers about alcohol and cancer as well as fetal alcohol syndrome 99 the addition of warning labels on alcoholic beverages is historically supported by organizations of the temperance movement such as the woman s christian temperance union as well as by medical organisations such as the irish cancer society 100 101 the international agency for research on cancer lists ethanol as a carcinogen and states that there is sufficient evidence and research showing the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde the major metabolite of ethanol which is excreted by the liver enzyme when one drinks alcohol 102 the world health organization also considers alcohol to be a carcinogen group 1 with no quantity of consumption considered to be risk free 7 who estimates nearly half of alcohol attributable cancers in the who european region are linked to light or moderate drinking defined as less than 1 5 litres of wine or less than 3 5 litres of beer or less than 450 millilitres of spirits per week 7 public awareness of the link between alcohol consumption and cancer is low in the u s 103 in 2025 u s surgeon general vivek murthy supported the use of cancer warning labels on alcohol products 104 see also edit list of alcoholic drinks list of national drinks liquor list of cocktails list of iba official cocktails alcoholic beverage industry in europe alcohol chemistry homebrewing references edit multiple sources alcoholic beverage britannica retrieved 20 september 2025 definition alcoholic beverage from 27 usc 214 1 lii legal information institute legal information institute cornell law school retrieved 20 september 2025 what are zero alcohol drinks alcohol and drug foundation retrieved 20 september 2025 1 2 minimum legal age limits iard org international alliance for responsible drinking archived from the original on 4 may 2016 retrieved 23 june 2016 henry yeomans 18 june 2014 alcohol and moral regulation public attitudes spirited measures and victorian hangovers policy press p 244 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reprint edition by ams press new york 1970 pp 26 27 world s oldest brewery found in cave in israel say researchers bbc news 15 september 2018 retrieved 26 january 2021 agencies 18 june 2024 the oldest wine in the world has been preserved in a roman mausoleum in spain for 2 000 years el país english retrieved 30 july 2024 cosano daniel manuel román juan esquivel dolores et al 1 september 2024 new archaeochemical insights into roman wine from baetica journal of archaeological science reports 57 104636 bibcode 2024jarsr 57j4636c doi 10 1016 j jasrep 2024 104636 hdl 10396 30287 rosso am 2012 beer and wine in antiquity beneficial remedy or punishment imposed by the gods acta medico historica adriatica 10 2 237 262 pmid 23560753 brostrom gg brostrom jj 30 december 2008 the business of wine an encyclopedia an encyclopedia abc clio pp 6 isbn 978 0 313 35401 4 chrzan janet 2013 alcohol social drinking in cultural context routledge p 13 isbn 978 0 415 89249 0 mcgovern p e zhang j tang j et al 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