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lāh glory be to god al ḥamdu li llāh praise be to god lā ilāha illā llāh there is no deity but god or sometimes lā ilāha illā inta huwa there is no deity but you him and allāhu akbar god is the most great as a devotional exercise of remembering god dhikr 79 christianity further information names of god in christianity the christian arabs of today have no other word for god than allah 80 similarly the aramaic word for god in the language of assyrian christians is ʼĕlāhā or alaha even the arabic descended maltese language of malta whose population is almost entirely catholic uses alla for god arab christians have used two forms of invocations that were affixed to the beginning of their written works they adopted the muslim bismillāh and also created their own trinitarian bismillāh as early as the 8th century 81 the muslim bismillāh reads in the name of god the compassionate the merciful the trinitized bismillāh reads in the name of the father and the son and the holy spirit one god the syriac latin and greek invocations do not have the words one god at the end this addition was made to emphasize the monotheistic aspect of trinitarian belief and also to make it more palatable to muslims 81 pronunciation the arabic components that make up the word allah alif hamzat waṣl همزة وصل lām lām shadda شدة alif khunjāriyah ألف خنجرية hāʾ the word allāh is generally pronounced ɑɫˈɫɑː h exhibiting a heavy lām ɫ a velarized alveolar lateral approximant a marginal phoneme in modern standard arabic since the initial alef has no hamza the initial a is elided when a preceding word ends in a vowel if the preceding vowel is i the lām is light l as in for instance the basmala 82 as a loanword english and other european languages the history of the name allāh in english was probably influenced by the study of comparative religion in the 19th century for example thomas carlyle 1840 sometimes used the term allah but without any implication that allah was anything different from god however in his biography of muḥammad 1934 tor andræ always used the term allah though he allows that this conception of god seems to imply that it is different from that of the jewish and christian theologies 83 languages which may not commonly use the term allah to denote god may still contain popular expressions which use the word for example because of the centuries long muslim presence in the iberian peninsula the word ojalá in the spanish language and oxalá in the portuguese language exist today borrowed from andalusi arabic law šá lláh 84 similar to inshalla arabic إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ this phrase literally means if god wills 85 the german poet mahlmann used the form allah as the title of a poem about the ultimate deity though it is unclear how much islamic thought he intended to convey some muslims retain the name allāh untranslated in english rather than using the english translation god 86 malaysian and indonesian language main articles titular roman catholic archbishop of kuala lumpur v menteri dalam negeri and 2010 attacks against places of worship in malaysia gereja kebangunan kalam allah id word of god revival church in indonesia allah is the word for god in the indonesian language even in alkitab christian bible from الكتاب al kitāb the book translations while tuhan is the word for lord christians in malaysia also use the word allah for god christians in malaysia and indonesia use allah to refer to god in the malaysian and indonesian languages both of them standardized forms of the malay language mainstream bible translations in the language use allah as the translation of hebrew elohim translated in english bibles as god 87 this goes back to early translation work by francis xavier in the 16th century 88 89 the first dictionary of dutch malay by albert cornelius ruyl justus heurnius and caspar wiltens in 1650 revised edition from 1623 edition and 1631 latin edition recorded allah as the translation of the dutch word godt 90 ruyl also translated the gospel of matthew in 1612 into the malay language an early bible translation into a non european language 91 made a year after the publication of the king james version 92 93 which was printed in the netherlands in 1629 then he translated the gospel of mark published in 1638 94 95 for a time it became illegal for non muslims to use allah after the country experienced a social and political upheaval in the face of the word being used by malaysian christians and sikhs the government of malaysia in 2007 prohibited usage of the term allah in any other but muslim contexts but the malayan high court in 2009 overturned the law ruling it unconstitutional while allah had been used for the christian god in malay for more than four centuries the contemporary controversy was triggered by usage of allah by the roman catholic newspaper the herald the government appealed the court ruling and the high court suspended implementation of its verdict until the hearing of the appeal in october 2013 the court ruled in favor of the government s ban 96 in early 2014 the malaysian government confiscated more than 300 bibles for using the word to refer to the christian god in peninsular malaysia 97 however the use of allah is not prohibited in the two malaysian states of sabah and sarawak 98 99 the main reason it is not prohibited in these two states is that usage has been long established and local alkitab bibles have been widely distributed freely in east malaysia without restrictions for years 98 both states also do not have similar islamic state laws as those in west malaysia 100 the ban was overturned in 2021 101 102 103 100 failed verification in reaction to some media criticism the malaysian government has introduced a 10 point solution to avoid confusion and misleading information 104 105 the 10 point solution is in line with the spirit of the 18 and 20 point agreements of sarawak and sabah 100 typography the word allah written in different writing systems the word allāh is always written without an alif to spell the ā vowel this is because the spelling was established before arabic spelling started regularly using alif to spell ā however in vocalized spelling a small diacritic alif is added on top of the shaddah to indicate the pronunciation in the pre islamic zabad inscription 106 god is referred to by the term الاله that is alif lam alif lam ha 36 this presumably indicates al ilāh means the god without alif for ā many arabic type fonts feature special ligatures for allah 107 since arabic script is used to write other texts rather than koran only rendering lām lām hā as the previous ligature is considered faulty which is the case with most common arabic typefaces this simplified style is often preferred for clarity especially in non arabic languages but may not be considered appropriate in situations where a more elaborate style of calligraphy is preferred sil international 108 unicode unicode has a code point reserved for allāh u fdf2 ﷲ arabic ligature allah isolated form 109 in the arabic presentation forms a block which exists solely for compatibility with some older legacy character sets that encoded presentation forms directly 110 111 this is not recommended for new text instead the word allāh should be represented by its individual arabic letters while modern font technologies will generate the desired ligature the calligraphic variant of the word used as the emblem of iran is encoded in unicode in the miscellaneous symbols range at code point u 262b 112 the flags that include the word are also present in the regional indicator symbols of unicode flags and national emblems the term allah and related religious phrases hold significant symbolic value in various national symbols flags and emblems across the muslim world flags iran in the flag of iran the phrase allahu akbar god is greatest repeated 22 times along the borders of the green and red stripes symbolizing the date of the islamic revolution 22nd of bahman the central emblem of the flag is a stylized calligraphic representation of the word allah which also incorporates the phrase la ilaha illa allah there is no god but allah 113 iraq in the flag of iraq the phrase allahu akbar is inscribed in the center of the flag 114 saudi arabia in the flag of saudi arabia the flag displays the shahada the islamic declaration of faith la ilaha illa allah muhammadur rasul allah there is no god but allah muhammad is the messenger of allah 115 afghanistan in the flag of afghanistan the national flag historically features the shahada and the takbir allahu akbar 116 national emblems the national emblem of afghanistan incorporates the shahada and the takbir 117 the national emblem of azerbaijan features a calligraphic representation of the name allah stylized to resemble an eternal flame 118 the national emblem of iran is a stylized calligraphic design of the word allah containing the hidden phrase la ilaha illa allah 119 the national emblem of iraq features the takbir allahu akbar 120 the coat of arms of jordan includes the phrase al raji min allah al tawfiq wa al awn hoping for allah s guidance and help 121 the coat of arms of morocco bears the quranic verse in tansuru allaha yansurkum if you support allah he will support you 122 gallery national flags with allah written on them flag of iraq with the takbir written on it flag of saudi arabia with the shahada written on it flag of afghanistan with the shahada written on it flag of iran with the takbir written on it flag of somaliland with the shahada written on it see also islam portal glossary of islam outline of islam abdullah name allah as a lunar deity emblem of iran ismul azam names of god names of god in judaism notes tajalli arabic تَجَلِّي romanized tajallī lit manifestation is the appearance and disclosure of god as truth in sufism 61 tajalli is believed to be a process by which god manifests himself in concrete forms 62 human qualities which are attributed to allah in the quran such as coming going sitting satisfaction anger and sadness allah has equipped them with words to bring them closer to our minds in this respect they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind and thus help the listener to clearly understand the idea he wants to express 63 64 references allah random house webster s unabridged dictionary allah oxford learner s dictionaries definition of allah www merriam webster com 18 march 2024 retrieved 8 april 2024 god islam empire of faith pbs archived from the original on 27 march 2014 retrieved 18 december 2010 islam and christianity encyclopedia of christianity 2001 arabic speaking christians and jews also refer to god as allāh gardet l allah in bearman p bianquis th bosworth c e van donzel e heinrichs w p eds encyclopaedia of islam online brill online retrieved 2 may 2007 merriam webster allah merriam webster archived from the original on 20 april 2014 retrieved 25 february 2012 zeki saritoprak 2006 allah in oliver leaman ed the qur an an encyclopedia routledge p 34 isbn 978 0 415 32639 1 vincent j cornell 2005 god god in islam in lindsay jones ed encyclopedia of religion vol 5 2nd ed macmillan reference usa p 724 1 2 3 christian julien robin 2012 arabia and ethiopia in the oxford handbook of late antiquity oup usa pp 304 305 isbn 978 0 19 533693 1 1 2 anthony s mercatante james r dow 2004 allah the facts on file encyclopedia of world mythology and legend facts on file p 53 isbn 978 1 4381 2685 2 1 2 allah encyclopædia britannica 2007 encyclopædia britannica 1 2 3 encyclopedia of the modern middle east and north africa allah willis barnstone marvin meyer the gnostic bible revised and expanded edition shambhala publications 2009 isbn 978 0 8348 2414 0 page 531 carl skutsch 2005 encyclopedia of the world s minorities routledge p 480 1 2 3 d b macdonald encyclopedia of islam 2nd ed brill ilah vol 3 p 1093 al jallad 2025 p 2 sinai nicholas 2019 rain giver bone breaker score settler allāh in pre quranic poetry atlanta ga american oriental society p 7 isbn 978 1 948488 25 9 al jallad 2025 pp 3 4 columbia encyclopaedia says derived from an old semitic root referring to the divine and used in the canaanite el the mesopotamian ilu and the biblical elohim and eloah the word allah is used by all arabic speaking muslims christians jews and other monotheists the comprehensive aramaic lexicon entry for ʼlh archived 18 october 2013 at the wayback machine gerhard böwering encyclopedia of the quran brill 2002 vol 2 p 318 reynolds gabriel said 2020 allah god in the qur an new haven yale university press p 14 isbn 978 0 300 24658 2 sinai nicholas 2019 rain giver bone breaker score settler allāh in pre quranic poetry atlanta ga american oriental society p 8 isbn 978 1 948488 25 9 kiltz david the relationship between arabic allāh and syriac allāha der islam 88 1 2012 47 1 2 andreas görke and johanna pink tafsir and islamic intellectual history exploring the boundaries of a genre oxford university press in association with the institute of ismaili studies london isbn 978 0 19 870206 1 p 478 ibrahim zakyi to use god or allah american journal of islam and society 26 4 2009 v ibn ʿumar al baydawi ʿabd allah 2016 the lights of revelation and the secrets of interpretation translated by haddad gibril fouad beacon books and media limited isbn 978 0 9926335 7 8 kelimenin herhangi bir kökten türemiş olmayıp sözlük mânası taşımadığı ve gerçek mâbudun özel adını teşkil ettiği yahut sözlükte bir anlamı olsa bile gerçek mâbuda ad olunca bu anlamı kaybettiği genellikle benimsenmektedir it is generally accepted that the word is not derived from any root and does not carry a dictionary meaning and constitutes the proper name of the real god or even if it has a dictionary meaning it loses this meaning when it becomes the name of the real god islamansiklopedisi org tr in turkish morris s seale muslim theology a study of origins with reference to the church fathers great russel street london 1964 p 58 hitti philip khouri 1970 history of the arabs palgrave macmillan pp 100 101 marshall g s hodgson the venture of islam conscience and history in a world civilization university of chicago press p 156 james bellamy two pre islamic arabic inscriptions revised jabal ramm and umm al jimal journal of the american oriental society 108 3 1988 pp 372 378 translation of the inscription this was set up by colleagues friends of ʿulayh the son of ʿubaydah secretary adviser of the cohort augusta secunda philadelphiana may he go mad crazy who effaces it enno littmann arabic inscriptions leiden 1949 daniels peter t 2014 the type and spread of arabic script 1 2 m a kugener nouvelle note sur l inscription trilingue de zébed rivista degli studi orientali pp 577 586 adolf grohmann arabische paläographie ii das schriftwesen und die lapidarschrift 1971 wien hermann böhlaus nochfolger page 6 8 beatrice gruendler the development of the arabic scripts from the nabatean era to the first islamic century according to dated texts 1993 atlanta scholars...