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s openafs features edit afs 3 has several benefits over traditional networked file systems particularly in the areas of security and scalability afs uses kerberos for authentication and implements access control lists on directories for users and groups each client caches files on the local filesystem for increased speed on subsequent requests for the same file this also allows limited filesystem access in the event of a server crash or a network outage afs uses the weak consistency model 4 read and write operations on an open file are directed only to the locally cached copy when a modified file is closed the changed portions are copied back to the file server cache consistency is maintained by callback mechanism when a file is cached the server makes a note of this and promises to inform the client if the file is updated by someone else callbacks are discarded and must be re established after any client server or network failure including a timeout re establishing a callback involves a status check and does not require re reading the file itself a consequence of the file locking strategy is that afs does not support large shared databases or record updating within files shared between client systems this was a deliberate design decision based on the perceived needs of the university computing environment for example in the original email system for the andrew project the andrew message system a single file per message is used like maildir rather than a single file per mailbox like mbox see afs and buffered i o problems for handling shared databases a significant feature of afs is the volume a tree of files sub directories and afs mountpoints links to other afs volumes volumes are created by administrators and linked at a specific named path in an afs cell once created users of the filesystem may create directories and files as usual without concern for the physical location of the volume a volume may have a quota assigned to it in order to limit the amount of space consumed as needed afs administrators can move that volume to another server and disk location without the need to notify users the operation can even occur while files in that volume are being used afs volumes can be replicated to read only cloned copies when accessing files in a read only volume a client system will retrieve data from a particular read only copy if at some point that copy becomes unavailable clients will look for any of the remaining copies again users of that data are unaware of the location of the read only copy administrators can create and relocate such copies as needed the afs command suite guarantees that all read only volumes contain exact copies of the original read write volume at the time the read only copy was created the file name space on an andrew workstation is partitioned into a shared and local name space the shared name space usually mounted as afs on the unix filesystem is identical on all workstations the local name space is unique to each workstation it only contains temporary files needed for workstation initialization and symbolic links to files in the shared name space the andrew file system heavily influenced version 4 of sun microsystems popular network file system nfs additionally a variant of afs the dce distributed file system dfs was adopted by the open software foundation in 1989 as part of their distributed computing environment finally afs version two was the predecessor of the coda file system implementations edit besides the original a few other implementations were developed openafs was based on source released by transarc ibm in 2000 5 transarc software became deprecated and lost support when arla was an independent implementation of afs developed at the royal institute of technology in stockholm in the late 1990s and early 2000s 6 7 a fourth implementation of an afs client exists in the linux kernel source code since at least version 2 6 10 8 committed by red hat this is a fairly simple implementation still incomplete as of january 2024 update 9 available permissions edit the following access control list acl permissions can be granted lookup l allows a user to list the contents of the afs directory examine the acl associated with the directory and access subdirectories insert i allows a user to add new files or subdirectories to the directory delete d allows a user to remove files and subdirectories from the directory administer a allows a user to change the acl for the directory users always have this right on their home directory even if they accidentally remove themselves from the acl permissions that affect files and subdirectories include read r allows a user to look at the contents of files in a directory and list files in subdirectories files that are to be granted read access to any user including the owner need to have the standard unix owner read permission set write w allows a user to modify files in a directory files that are to be granted write access to any user including the owner need to have the standard unix owner write permission set lock k allows the processor to run programs that need to lock files in the directory additionally afs includes application acls a h which have no effect on access to files openafs edit openafs original author carnegie mellon university developers transarc ibm openafs foundation stable release 1 8 16 may 21 2026 4 months ago 2026 05 21 written in c operating system cross platform type distributed file system license ibm public license website www openafs org repository https git openafs org openafs git openafs is an open source implementation of afs at linuxworld on 15 august 2000 ibm announced 10 their plans to release a version of their commercial afs product under the ibm public license this became openafs today openafs is actively developed for a wide range of operating system families including aix macos darwin hp ux irix solaris linux microsoft windows freebsd netbsd licensing edit copyright on many original source files is attributed to ibm and other contributors most of the source is covered by the ibm public license 11 however several files in the tree are covered by university vanity licenses on feb 5 2026 brad topol ibm announced 12 13 that ibm approved license changes of ibm developerworks openafs 1 0 from ibm public license to gplv2 openafs foundation edit the openafs foundation 14 was established on may 20 2013 15 as a non profit organization dedicated to fostering the stability and growth of openafs it does so by attracting and increasing the community of openafs users fostering the openafs community of experts and nurtures the evolution of openafs 16 17 releases edit openafs releases are announced on the openafs announcements mailing list 18 the current release is openafs 1 8 release versions of openafs version initial release latest release unsupported 1 0 2000 11 04 19 2001 06 24 20 unsupported 1 1 2001 07 16 21 2001 08 23 22 unsupported 1 2 2001 09 12 23 2004 10 29 24 unsupported 1 3 2002 02 16 25 2005 07 30 26 unsupported 1 4 2005 08 21 27 2013 07 14 28 unsupported 1 6 2010 12 16 29 2024 11 12 30 unsupported 1 7 2011 09 16 31 2015 10 28 32 latest version 1 8 2016 12 07 33 2026 05 13 34 preview version 1 9 2020 10 02 35 to be determined future version 2 0 to be determined to be determined legend unsupported supported latest version preview version future version history edit afs originated at carnegie mellon university as part of the andrew project 36 named after andrew carnegie and andrew mellon development began around 1983 with some sources citing the mid 1980s initially under the name vice 2 the project aimed to create a scalable location transparent distributed file system for a campus wide computing environment emphasizing features like client caching scalability to many clients per server and kerberos based authentication early work involved collaboration with ibm afs version 1 sometimes called the itc distributed file system was followed by a redesigned afs version 2 or simply afs in the late 1980s which improved scalability and cache consistency 37 commercialization by transarc late 1980s 1990s edit in 1988 or 1989 transarc corporation was founded by carnegie mellon university employees to commercialize afs transarc developed and supported server and client code for multiple operating systems turning the research project into a commercial product transarc was acquired by ibm in 1994 38 and later became part of ibm pittsburgh labs around 1999 under ibm transarc afs continued as a commercial offering with ongoing development open sourcing and birth of openafs 2000 edit on 15 august 2000 at linuxworld ibm announced plans to release the source code of its commercial afs product under the ibm public license ipl 1 0 an osi approved open source license the code was released in november 2000 with the open source effort often dated to 1 november 2000 and the project was named openafs this made the codebase available for community development and maintenance openafs 1 0 followed shortly after with its initial release on 4 november 2000 a group of volunteers and afs enthusiasts including those based at cmu took on maintenance and further development post 2000 development and community governance edit openafs has been developed as a community driven project since its open sourcing with contributions from volunteers companies and institutions it supports a wide range of platforms including various unix linux variants macos windows and others development has focused on bug fixes security improvements kernel support especially linux performance enhancements and feature additions while maintaining compatibility with the afs protocol releases are tracked in series such as 1 0 early 1 2 1 4 1 6 and the current 1 8 series with maintenance releases continuing into 2026 e g 1 8 16 in may 2026 ongoing status edit openafs remains actively maintained as the open source reference implementation of afs with security and compatibility updates it continues to be used in academic research and enterprise environments requiring a mature distributed file system see also edit global filesystem references edit what is andrew archived september 9 2011 at the wayback machine part of cmu s official site chronicling the history of the andrew project 1 2 garfinkel simson l may june 1989 ripples across the academic market pdf technology review pp 9 13 archived pdf from the original on 9 october 2022 retrieved 25 january 2016 howard j h kazar m l nichols s g nichols d a satyanarayanan m sidebotham r n west m j february 1988 scale and performance in a distributed file system acm transactions on computer systems 6 1 51 81 doi 10 1145 35037 35059 s2cid 52848606 yaniv pessach 2013 distributed storage distributed storage concepts algorithms and implementations ed amazon ol 25423189m opening up afs assar westerlund and johan danielsson 1998 arla a free afs client proceedings of the 1998 usenix freenix track magnus ahltorp love hörnquist åstrand and assar westerlund 2000 porting the arla file system to windows nt workshop on management and administration of distributed environments linux kernel afs documentation for 2 6 10 link removed linux kernel afs documentation for 6 7 1 linux no 7 january 2024 retrieved 11 may 2024 os afs archived ibm public license 1 0 announcement of license changes to ibm developerworks openafs 1 0 announcement of license changes to ibm developerworks openafs 1 0 pdf full text openafs foundation website articles of incorporation of the openafs foundation inc pdf full text about the openafs foundation openafs foundation presentation euroafs conference openafs announcements mailing list release openafs 1 0 release openafs 1 0 4a release openafs 1 1 0 release openafs 1 1 1a release openafs 1 2 0 release openafs 1 2 13 release openafs 1 3 50 release openafs 1 3 87 release openafs 1 4 0 release openafs 1 4 15 release openafs 1 6 0 release openafs 1 6 25 release openafs 1 7 1 release openafs 1 7 31 release openafs 1 8 0 release openafs 1 8 16 release openafs 1 9 0 what is andrew archived september 9 2011 at the wayback machine part of cmu s official site chronicling the history of the andrew project andrew file system operating systems three easy pieces acquisition to bolster ibm s networking bibliography edit campbell richard 1 february 1998 managing afs 1st ed prentice hall p 479 isbn 978 0 13 802729 2 milicchio franco gehrke wolfgang 7 june 2007 distributed services with openafs 1st ed springer science business media p 395 isbn 978 3 540 36634 8 external links edit openafs afs wiki arla further reading edit the andrew file system 2014 arpaci dusseau remzi h arpaci dusseau andrea c arpaci dusseau books v t e file systems comparison of file systems distributed unix filesystem disk and non rotating adfs advfs amiga ffs amiga ofs apfs athfs bcachefs bfs be file system boot file system byte file system z vm btrfs cvfs dfs efs encrypting file system extent file system episode ext ext2 ext3 ext4 fat exfat files 11 fossil gpfs hammer hammer2 hfs classic mac os hfs mvs hfs hpfs htfs jfs lfs mfs macintosh file system tivo media file system minix netware file system next3 nilfs nilfs2 nss ntfs onefs openzfs pfs qfs qnx4fs refs reiserfs reiser4 reliance reliance nitro rfs sfs shared file system vm smart file system snfs soup apple tux3 ubifs ufs ufs2 soft updates wapbl vxfs wafl xiafs xfs xsan zfs z os zfs sun optical disc hsf iso 9660 iso 13490 udf flash memory and ssd apfs fat exfat tfat erofs f2fs nvfs host side wear leveling chfs jffs jffs2 logfs nilfs nilfs2 yaffs ubifs distributed parallel beegfs ceph gfs2 google file system ocfs2 orangefs pvfs qfs xsan more nas 9p afs openafs afp coda dfs google file system gpfs lustre ncp nfs pohmelfs hadoop smb cifs sshfs more specialized aufs axfs boot file system compact disc file system cramfs davfs2 erofs ftpfs fuse lnfs ltfs nova mvfs squashfs umsdos overlayfs unionfs pseudo configfs devfs debugfs kernfs procfs specfs sysfs tmpfs winfs encrypted ecryptfs encfs efs rubberhose sshfs zfs types clustered global grid self certifying flash journaling log structured object record oriented semantic steganographic synthetic versioning features case preservation copy on write data deduplication data scrubbing execute in place extent file attribute extended file attributes file change log fork inode links hard symbolic access control access control list filesystem level encryption permissions modes sticky bit interfaces file manager file system api installable file system virtual file system lists cryptographic default log structured layouts master boot record guid partition table apple partition map retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title andrew_file_system oldid 1368937147 categories network file systems carnegie mellon university software ibm file systems distributed file systems supported by the linux kernel hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wiki...