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new guinea s mining and resource sector led to the country becoming the sixth fastest growing economy in the world in 2011 129 130 demographics edit immigration edit main article immigration to australia migrants to australia disembarking from a ship 1885 since 1945 more than 7 million people have settled in australia from the late 1970s there was a significant increase in immigration from asian and other non european countries making australia a multicultural country 131 sydney is the most multicultural city in oceania having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40 percent of residents speaking a language other than english at home 132 furthermore 36 percent of the population reported having been born overseas with top countries being italy lebanon vietnam and iraq among others 133 134 melbourne is also fairly multicultural having the largest greek speaking population outside of europe 135 and the second largest asian population in australia after sydney 136 137 138 religion edit main articles religion in australia and religion in papua new guinea christianity is the predominant religion in the continent although large proportions of australians belong to no religion 139 other religions in the region include islam buddhism and hinduism which are prominent minority religions in australia traditional religions are often animist found in new guinea islam is widespread in the indonesian new guinea 140 many papuans combine their christian faith with traditional indigenous beliefs and practices 141 languages edit main articles languages of australia languages of papua new guinea and languages of indonesia aboriginal australian languages including the large pama nyungan family papuan languages of new guinea and neighbouring islands including the large trans new guinea family and tasmanian languages are generic terms for the native languages of the continent other than those of austronesian family 142 predominant languages include english in australia tok pisin in papua new guinea and indonesian malay in indonesian new guinea immigration to australia have brought overseas languages such as italian greek arabic filipino mandarin vietnamese and spanish among others 143 contact between austronesian and papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as maisin tok pisin is an english creole language spoken in papua new guinea 144 papua new guinea has more languages than any other country 7 with over 820 indigenous languages representing 12 of the world s total but most have fewer than 1 000 speakers 145 culture edit main articles culture of australia culture of papua new guinea and australian aboriginal culture since 1788 the primary influence behind australian culture has been anglo celtic western culture with some indigenous influences 146 147 148 the divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive australian culture 149 150 151 since the mid 20th century american popular culture has strongly influenced australia particularly through television and cinema 152 148 other cultural influences come from neighbouring asian countries and through large scale immigration from non english speaking nations 152 148 153 154 the australian museum in sydney and the national gallery of victoria in melbourne are the oldest and largest museums in the continent as well as in oceania 155 156 sydney s new year s eve celebrations are the largest in the continent 157 it is estimated that more than 7 000 different cultural groups exist in papua new guinea and most groups have their own language because of this diversity in which they take pride many different styles of cultural expression have emerged each group has created its own expressive forms in art performance art weaponry costumes and architecture papua new guinea is one of the few cultures in oceania to practice the tradition of bride price 158 in particular papua new guinea is world famous for carved wooden sculpture masks canoes story boards australia has a tradition of aboriginal art which is thousands of years old the best known forms being rock art and bark painting evidence of aboriginal art in australia can be traced back at least 30 000 years 159 examples of ancient aboriginal rock artworks can be found throughout the continent notably in national parks such as those of the unesco listed sites at uluru and kakadu national park in the northern territory but also within protected parks in urban areas such as at ku ring gai chase national park in sydney 160 161 aboriginal culture includes a number of practices and ceremonies centered on a belief in the dreamtime reverence for the land and oral traditions are emphasised 162 yali mabel anemaugi village war chief climbing kayo traditional watchtower at baliem valley in highland papua didgeridoo player ŋalkan munuŋgurr performing with east journey 163 sport edit main articles sport in australia and sport in papua new guinea papua new guinea s national team at the 2008 international cup australian rules football in melbourne popular sports in papua new guinea include various codes of football rugby league rugby union soccer and australian rules football cricket volleyball softball netball and basketball other olympic sports are also gaining popularity such as boxing and weightlifting rugby league is the most popular sport in papua new guinea especially in the highlands which also unofficially holds the title as the national sport 164 the most popular sport in australia is cricket the most popular sport among australian women is netball while australian rules football is the most popular sport in terms of spectatorship and television ratings 165 166 167 australia has hosted two summer olympic games melbourne 1956 and sydney 2000 australia has also hosted five editions of the commonwealth games sydney 1938 perth 1962 brisbane 1982 melbourne 2006 and gold coast 2018 in 2006 australia joined the asian football confederation and qualified for the 2010 and 2014 world cups as an asian entrant 168 see also edit australia portal geography portal australian plate list of islands in the pacific ocean outline of australia paleoclimatology notes edit most recent estimated population of australia papua new guinea excluding the islands region and indonesia s aru islands regency and western new guinea excluding christmas island the cocos keeling islands heard island and mcdonald islands the lord howe island group new south wales macquarie island tasmania and norfolk island excluding the islands region excluding cato reef elizabeth reef mellish reef middleton reef and some small reefs on the cato trough however sahul is more commonly associated with a prehistoric landmass references edit heinsohn tom october 2003 animal translocation long term human influences on the vertebrate zoogeography of australasia natural dispersal versus ethnophoresy australian zoologist 32 3 351 376 doi 10 7882 az 2002 014 issn 0067 2238 o 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