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havata barsanuphius started to offer advice and spiritual direction to other ascetics who were living in the region among other to the community of the nearby monastery which became increasingly responsible for the support of the various monks who gathered around the hermit 4 the abbot of the monastery seridus of gaza became the only person who communicated directly with barsanuphius and acted as mediator for those who wished to be counselled by the hermit as seridus did not know coptic he recorded the answers in greek 5 when at one point barsanuphius became aware that some members of the monastery were doubting his existence he revealed himself to them by coming out to wash their feet 6 collaboration with john the prophet edit between the years 525 and 527 another hermit called john came to live in the same monastic community as disciple of barsanuphius who surrendered his cell to john moving into another nearby cell 7 barsanuphius became known as the old man or the great old man while john was called the other old man or the prophet john placed himself under the spiritual authority of barsanuphius though barsanuphius never asserted this authority over john after he was established as an anchorite 8 john became the teacher of dorotheus of gaza who assumed a similar position to john as seridus did to barsanuphius 9 together with john barsanuphius provided spiritual advice and counsel to a variety of people and wrote over 850 letters 10 in that they acted in a partnership and were thought to communicate without needing to speak or write with each other 11 death edit between 543 and 544 seridos and john died within two weeks of each other upon which barsanuphius entered complete seclusion a new abbot aelianos was elected and dorotheus of gaza left the monastery barsanuphius died some time after that 9 nevertheless when in 593 the syrian christian evagrius scholasticus wrote about barsanuphius to whom he dedicated an entire chapter of his historia ecclesiastica about the hermit he recorded that it was still believed that barsanuphius was alive evagrius recounts that when the patriarch of jerusalem assumed to be peter of jerusalem 524 552 ordered the door to his cell to be opened fire flashed out of the cell causing everyone present to flee 12 letters edit spiritual direction through letters edit barsanuphius and john were sought to provide advice and spiritual direction by a diverse group of people these included other hermits priests bishops and monks including dorotheus of gaza as well as lay persons of various professions 13 as such they continued the tradition of spiritual direction that flourished in the deserts of egypt palestine and syria and in which a person attached themselves as to a spiritual father who had attained a sufficient level of spiritual discernment this spiritual director was responsible for the soul of the disciple and supported him through prayer and practical advice whereas the disciple was expected to open his heart to his spiritual father and heed his advice 11 barsanuphius and john corresponded with their disciples through letters transmitted by seridus and dorotheus with around 850 letters surviving of which barsanuphius wrote around 400 10 in these letters they answered all kind of queries by their disciples from small practicalities to deeply theological topics 14 though barsanuphius and john acted as a unified partnership and rebuked those that tried to pose the same question to each old men expecting different answers their distinct personalities and epistographical style are preserved in the letters 8 barsanuphius letters reveal a strong supportive and warm personality and his style is clear prayerful and undeterred by issues 15 in their letters the bible is often adapted allegorically and spiritually in order to respond to the needs of each individual 16 having observed the origenist controversy and the dangers that come with speculative exegesis of the bible they considered the understanding of it a lifelong exercise to be conducted with discernment and often took an anagogical approach to scripture 17 barsanuphius and john also evoked frequently the sayings of the desert fathers and were also familiar with the writings of basil the great and origen 16 though barsanuphius refrained from condemning origenism he disagreed firmly with the idea that it is possible to achieve spiritual knowledge gnosis as a reward for an ascetic life and thought it dangerous for monks to live as if that was possible 18 in general barsanuphius and john were averse to give precise prescriptions about progress in spiritual life and did not order their disciples to perform specific number of penitential acts but rather encouraged them to practice the virtues opposing the vices or temptations that afflicted them 19 composition and history of letters edit the internal coherence and historical details of the letters such as references to laws by emperor justinian elections of bishops of jerusalem and gaza as well as the advent of the justinian plague confirm the sixth century as date of the composition of the letters as such the letters provide invaluable insights for the understanding of theological ecclesiastical social and even political history of the region of gaza 20 21 further the joined authorship of the letter collection sets it apart from other late antique letter collections 11 the letters were compiled by an unknown editor who suggests to have been a monk at the community while it was overseen by barsanuphius and john and even seen barsanuphius himself leading some to believe him to be their disciple dorotheus of gaza 22 23 though the correspondence with one person which in some cases spanned several years is ordered chronologically the whole collection is not this compiler grouped the letters together according to the type of petitioner and introduced them with a brief description of the question the petitioner posed to the old men 24 25 the two earliest manuscripts containing the letters are two tenth century georgian translations of the greek text from saint catherine s monastery in sinai containing 79 letters the letters were widely copied by eastern monks throughout the middle ages several manuscripts were copied at mount athos between the eleventh and the fourteenth century the earlier manuscripts containing only proportions of the letter collection in the fourteenth century two manuscripts were produced that included more than 800 letters likely copied from different sources the first printed edition of the letters was published in 1569 in basel by johann grynaeus which included nine of john s letters together with the writings of dorotheus the first complete edition of the letters based on several athonite manuscript was published in 1816 by nikodemos a monk from athos this edition was quickly translated into russian which made them more popular among orthodox audiences the twentieth century anchorite seraphim rose did the first english translation of some selected letters based on the russian text the first complete english translation was done by john chryssavgis and the letters have been also translated into various other european languages 26 veneration edit painting by samuele tatulli depicting the arrival in ostuni of the relics of saint barsanuphius the three characters in the foreground are from left to right the saint bishop theodosius and the personified diocese of oria sainthood edit barsanuphius is venerated as a saint both the orthodox church and roman catholic church and his feast day in these churches is celebrated on 6 february and 11 april respectively 27 he is not mentioned in the coptic synaxarion 28 he was one of the influences on theodore the studite in his reform of the stoudios monastery 29 and theodore noted that barsanuphius was depicted on the altar cloth of the hagia sophia next to anthony the great and ephrem the syrian 30 starting from the 10th century the saint was also mentioned in many synaxaria in the orthodox church 30 and the russian monastery of st panteleimon on mount athos had an office for barsanuphius and john 31 there were also many churches and altars dedicated to barsanuphius in the salento such as in ceglie messapica and his name was popular in the region after due to the translation of his relics to oria 32 33 patron saint of oria edit statue of saint barsanuphius at oria barsanuphius relics arrived in oria with a palestinian monk in 850 ad bishop theodosius of oria placed these in the 880s in a chapel close to the porta hebraea 34 this chapel today under the church of san francesco da paola housed the relics between 890 and 1170 35 during a moorish siege and taking of the city the relics were lost but then later rediscovered and placed in the city s basilica in the late twelfth century a priest composed a latin vita of the saint which contain certain hagiographical details including the translation of the relics to oria 33 at oria barsanuphius is considered to have saved the city from destruction through war 31 a legend states that he repelled a spanish invasion by appearing before the spanish commander armed with a sword during world war ii he is said to have spread his blue cape across the sky thus causing a rainstorm and preventing an air bombing by allied forces citation needed as of 2023 the city still honours the saint with a procession on august 30 during which the keys of the city are handed over by the mayor to an effigy of barsanuphius 36 37 references edit torrance 2013 pp 119 120 torrance 2013 pp 120 122 torrance 2016 p 70 chryssavgis 2006 p 5 chryssavgis 2006 p 6 hevelone harper 2005 p 19 chryssavgis 2022 pp 41 43 1 2 hevelone harper 2019 p 420 1 2 chryssavgis 2022 p 55 1 2 chryssavgis 2006 p 8 1 2 3 hevelone harper 2019 p 419 chryssavgis 2022 p 48 chryssavgis 2006 pp 9 10 torrance 2013 p 121 chryssavgis 2006 p 10 1 2 chryssavgis 2006 pp 10 14 torrance 2016 pp 80 81 hombergen o c s o 2004 p 179 180 torrance 2013 p 133 hevelone harper 2019 p 422 torrance 2013 p 118 chryssavgis 2006 p 7 hevelone harper 2019 p 421 chryssavgis 2006 p 9 hevelone harper 2019 pp 420 421 hevelone harper 2019 pp 422 423 martirologio 2004 p 233 regnault 1991 noble smith 2008 p 60 1 2 paoli 2012 p 406 1 2 hevelone harper 2005 p 158 safran 2014 p 162 1 2 chryssavgis 2022 p 49 von falkenhausen vera 2011 p 283 chiesa di san francesco da paola citta di oria dott ssa loredana d elia archived from the original on 15 aug 2016 oria la diocesi celebra il patrono san barsanofio memoria news in italian 30 august 2023 retrieved 20 january 2024 argese giuseppe 29 august 2017 oria è tutto pronto per la festa del santo patrono san barsanofio newⓢpam it informiamo brindisi e provincia in italian retrieved 20 january 2024 sources edit chryssavgis john 2006 barsanuphius and john letters volumen 1 cua press isbn 9780813201139 retrieved 15 november 2023 chryssavgis john 2 june 2022 the letters of barsanuphius and john desert wisdom for everyday life bloomsbury publishing pp 48 49 isbn 978 0 567 70486 3 retrieved 20 january 2024 hevelone harper jennifer l 12 july 2005 disciples of the desert monks laity and spiritual authority in sixth century gaza jhu press isbn 978 0 8018 8110 7 retrieved 20 january 2024 hevelone harper jennifer l 19 november 2019 the letter collection of barsanuphius and john in sogno cristiana storin bradley k watts edward j eds late antique letter collections a critical introduction and reference guide univ of california press p 424 isbn 978 0 520 30841 1 retrieved 3 april 2024 hombergen o c s o daniël 2004 barsanuphius and john of gaza and the origenist controversy in bitton ashkelony brouria kofsky aryeh eds christian gaza in late antiquity leiden the netherlands brill pp 173 181 isbn 90 04 13868 4 noble thomas f x smith julia m h eds 2008 the cambridge history of christianity early medieval christianities c 600 c 1100 pdf cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 81775 2 retrieved 20 january 2024 paoli emore 2012 tradizioni agiografiche pugliesi tra oriente e occidente il caso di san barsanufio bizantini longobardie arabi in puglianell alto medioevo atti del xx congresso internazionale di studiosull alto medioevo savelletridifasano br 3 6 novembre 2011 405 431 retrieved 21 january 2024 regnault lucien 1991 barsanuphius saint the coptic encyclopedia volume 2 claremont graduate university school of religion retrieved 3 april 2024 safran linda 18 april 2014 the medieval salento art and identity in southern italy university of pennsylvania press pp 162 295 isbn 978 0 8122 4554 7 retrieved 20 january 2024 torrance alexis 2013 repentance in late antiquity eastern asceticism and the framing of the christian life c 400 650 ce oup oxford pp 118 157 isbn 978 0 19 966536 5 retrieved 2 april 2024 torrance alexis 2016 barsanuphius john and dorotheos on scripture voices from the desert in sixth century gaza in baker matthew mourachian mark eds what is the bible the patristic doctrine of scripture minneapolis fortress press pp 67 81 isbn 978 1 5064 1074 6 retrieved 28 may 2025 von falkenhausen vera 14 october 2011 the jews in byzantine southern italy in stroumsa guy g irshai oded talgam rina bonfil robert eds jews in byzantium dialectics of minority and majority cultures brill pp 283 284 isbn 978 90 04 21644 0 retrieved 20 january 2024 martirologio romano pdf libreria editrice vaticana 2004 retrieved 2 april 2024 external links edit in italian san barsanofio media related to barsanuphius of palestine at wikimedia commons wikiquote has quotations related to barsanuphius v t e saints of the catholic church dicastery for the causes of saints stages of canonization servant of god venerable blessed saint virgin mary mother of god theotokos immaculate conception perpetual virginity assumption marian apparition titles of mary joseph husband anne mother joachim father elizabeth mother of john the baptist zechariah father of john the baptist archangels gabriel michael in the catholic church raphael evangelists matthew mark luke john see also calendar of saints four holy marshals fourteen holy helpers great martyr martyr of charity seven holy founders of the servite order military saints athleta christi miles christianus church militant seven champions venerated couples virtuous pagan catholic church portal saints portal v t e church fathers who are saints of the catholic church dicastery for the causes of saints stages of canonization servant of god venerable blessed saint alexander of alexandria alexander of jerusalem ambrose of milan amphilochius of iconium anastasius sinaita anatolius andrew of crete anthony the great aphrahat aristides of athens arsenius the great athanasius of alexandria athenagoras of athens augustine of hippo basil of caesarea barsanuphius caesarius of arles caesarius of nazianzus caius cappadocian fathers chromatius clement of alexandria clement of rome cyprian of carthage cyril of alexandria cyril of jerusalem damasus i desert fathers desert mothers ...