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braj bhasha wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 literature 2 phonology toggle phonology subsection 2 1 consonants 3 geographical distribution 4 see also 5 notes 6 references 7 further reading 8 external links toggle the table of contents braj bhasha 45 languages afrikaans العربية অসমীয়া अवधी azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা čeština deutsch فارسی suomi français गोंयची कोंकणी gõychi konknni ગુજરાતી hausa हिन्दी hrvatski italiano 日本語 kumoring ಕನ್ನಡ latina मगही नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski piemontèis پنجابی português русский संस्कृतम् ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ سنڌي simple english سرائیکی kiswahili தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย türkçe اردو tiếng việt edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikifunctions wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia indo aryan language not to be confused with with the other indian literary languages of brajabuli and brajavali or with the brijvasi ethnic group braj brij bhasha ब्रजभाषा native to india region braj ethnicity brajwasi native speakers 1 56 million 2011 census 1 census results conflate some speakers with hindi 2 language family indo european indo iranian indo aryan central indo aryan western hindi braj writing system devanagari language codes iso 639 2 bra iso 639 3 bra glottolog braj1242 braj a is a language within the indo aryan language family spoken in the braj region in western uttar pradesh centred on mathura eastern rajasthan centred on bharatpur karauli dholpur and south eastern areas of haryana it was one of the two predominant literary languages of north central india before gradually merging into and contributing to the development of standardized hindi in the 19th century it is spoken today in its unique form in many districts of western uttar pradesh often referred to as central braj bhasha the language was historically used for vaishnavite poetry dedicated to krishna whose life was associated with sites in the braj region there were also early prose works in terms of the hagiographical vārtā literature of the vallabha sect 3 braj is considered by scholars to be a more conservative example of the central indo aryan languages compared to the hindustani language which has been influenced by punjabi and intermediate dialects 4 literature edit main article braj literature most braj literature is of a mystical nature related to the spiritual union of people with god because almost all of the braj bhasha poets were considered god realised saints and their words are thus considered as directly emanating from a divine source much of the traditional north indian literature shares this trait all traditional punjabi literature is similarly written by saints and is of a metaphysical and philosophical nature another peculiar feature of north indian literature is that the literature is mostly written from a female point of view even by male poets this is because the saints were in a state of transcendental spiritual love where they were metaphorically women reuniting with their beloved in its inversion of the conventional genders of worshipper and worshippee maulana da ud s chandayan departs from this tradition important works in braj bhasha are pushtimargiya kiratan of ashtachhap yugala shataka by swami sri sribhatta devacarya known as the first vani book in vraja bhasha composed in the 14th century as a part of nimbarka sampradaya tradition of radha krishna worship vinaya patrika by tulsidas sur sagar by surdas 5 buddha charit by acharya ramchandra shukla sufi poetry by amir khusro eulogies by kavi bhushan dasam granth by guru gobind singh nayikabhed nakhshikh and satasattak by chhatrapati sambhaji maharaja 6 vrind satsai by vrind 1643 1723 court poet of ruler of kishangarh 7 caurāsī vaiṣṇavan kī vārtā by gokulanātha edited and compiled by harirāy in the late 16th to early 17th century an important pushtimarg sacred biography of vallabhācārya s exemplary devotees mahabharat darpan by gokul nath kavi with his son gopinath and his disciple manidev finishing the last sections the work was composed under the court patronage of kingdom of kashi maharaja udit narayan singh in the late 18th to early 19th century this is the first complete verse translation of the mahabharata including the harivamsa purana in the literary braj bhasha 8 phonology edit story of camel and jackal in braj language consonants edit phonemes of braj bhasha labial dental alveolar retroflex palatal velar glottal nasal m n plosive affricate voiceless p t̪ ts ʈ k voiceless aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ ʈʰ kʰ voiced b d̪ dz ɖ ɡ voiced aspirated bʱ d̪ʱ dzʱ ɖʱ ɡʱ fricative s ɦ flap ɾ approximant ʋ l j geographical distribution edit braj bhasha is spoken in the nebulous braj region centred on mathura agra aligarh hathras gautam buddh nagar bulandshahr in uttar pradesh and bharatpur deeg karauli dholpur in rajasthan it is the predominant language in the central stretch of the ganges yamuna doab in rajasthan it is spoken in the following districts bharatpur deeg karauli dholpur in western uttar pradesh it is spoken in the following districts mathura hathras agra aligarh firozabad mainpuri etah eastern parts of etawah southern parts of budaun parts of bareilly southern parts of sambhal southern parts of gautam buddh nagar areas of jewar and greater noida southern parts of bulandshahr areas of khurja shikarpur dibai and aurangabad some communities still speak brajbhasha even near the southern part of ghaziabad in haryana it is spoken in the following districts palwal faridabad eastern parts of gurugram the area of south delhi which is connected to faridabad still has some communities that speak brajbhasha it is spoken in several villages of mathura especially in vrindavan madhuvan deeg kaman kosi kalan chhata baldeo and all other villages belongs to braj area with bajna surir and bhidauni see also edit hindi literature brajavali dialect brajabuli awadhi language notes edit commonly called braj bhasha also known as vraj bhasha or brij bhasha or braj boli references edit statement 1 abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2011 www censusindia gov in office of the registrar general census commissioner india archived from the original on 2 july 2018 retrieved 7 july 2018 census of india abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2001 censusindia gov in retrieved 16 july 2015 masica colin p 1991 the indo aryan languages cambridge university press pp 53 57 62 masica 1991 p 197 198 google notebook google com retrieved 16 july 2015 atre shubhangana 2019 history maharashtra maharashtra state textbook bureau sujit mukherjee 1998 a dictionary of indian literature beginnings 1850 orient blackswan pp 425 isbn 978 81 250 1453 9 महाभारत दर्पण भाग 4 hindi book mahabharat darpan bhag 4 epustakalay epustakalay com in hindi retrieved 6 june 2026 further reading edit busch allison 2027 sheldon pollock ed hindi and history poets poetry and poetics in mughal india delhi permanent black snell rupert 1991 the hindi classical tradition a braj bhāṣā reader isbn 0728601753 snell rupert 2016 braj in brief an introduction to literary braj bhāṣā external links edit braj bhasha test of wikipedia at wikimedia incubator https web archive org web 20070524104936 http www ciil org main languages indian htm v t e hindi etymology grammar declension pronouns verbs orthography phonology devanagari numerals braille history profanity vocabulary varieties western braj bundeli haryanvi hindustani kauravi kannauji parya sansi eastern awadhi bihari hindi caribbean hindustani fiji hindi surinamese hindustani bagheli chhattisgarhi pidgins and creoles andaman creole hindi arunachali hindi bombay hindi haflong hindi hinglish language politics anti hindi agitations of karnataka anti hindi agitations of tamil nadu anti hindi agitations of west bengal hindi imposition hindi urdu controversy hindutva boycott of hindi films punjabi suba movement national organizations department of official language central hindi directorate hindi academy hindustani academy global organizations world hindi secretariat world hindi conference hindiusa arts literature authors poets blogosphere awards sahitya akademi award sahitya akademi award recipients sahitya akademi fellowship jnanpith award vyas samman cinema actors actresses television actors actresses music classical dance film wedding media school theatre hindi day hindi speaking world v t e indo aryan languages dardic kashmiric kashmiri kishtwari pogali shinaic brokskat kalkoti kohistani shina kundal shahi sawi shina palula ushoji kunar dameli gawar bati nangalami shumashti kohistani bateri chilisso gawri gowro indus kohistani tirahi torwali mankiyali wotapuri katarqalai others chitrali chitrali kalasha urtsuniwar khowar gandhari pashayi northern eastern doteli jumli nepali central garhwali kumaoni western dogri kangri bhadarwahi churahi bhateali bilaspuri chambeali gaddi pangwali mandeali mahasu pahari jaunsari kullui pahari kinnauri hinduri sirmauri sarazi northwestern punjabi eastern punjabi dialects sansi lahnda hindko inku khetrani pahari pothwari saraiki sindhi jadgali kholosi kutchi luwati memoni sindhi western gujarati aer gujarati lisan ud dawat jandavra koli kachi parkari wadiyara saurashtra vaghri rajasthani bagri thari dhundari goaria gujari harauti lambadi loarki malvi marwari mewari mewati ahirwati nimadi od shekhawati bhil bhili bhilali chodri dhodia kukna dhanki dubli bauria bhilori mawchi magari palya bareli pauri bareli rathwi bareli pardhi gamit kalto vasavi wagdi vaagri booli romani northern british romani angloromani scottish cant welsh romani northwestern romani finnish romani laiuse romani scandoromani sinte romani others balkan romani rumelian romani zargari romani baltic romani caló carpathian romani bohemian romani greek romani serbian romani vlax romani kalderash romani erromintxela others khandeshi dawoodi domari kurbet lomavren central western braj bhasha bundeli haryanvi hindustani kauravi hindi hinglish urdish urdu deccani judeo urdu hyderabadi urdu rekhta kannauji sansi sadhukkadi eastern awadhi bagheli chhattisgarhi fiji hindi others parya eastern bihari bhojpuric bhojpuri caribbean hindustani magahi magahi maithili maithili angika bajjika sadanic sadri kurmali khortha tharuic tharu kochila buksa majhi musasa others kumhali kuswaric bote darai danwar gauda kamarupa bengali bengali dialects bishnupriya manipuri hajong kharia thar kurmukar mal paharia noakhali sylheti tanchangya chittagonian chakma rohingya kamarupic assamese kamrupi dehan goalpariya kayort rajbanshi nepal rangpuri surjapuri odia odia sambalpuri desia bhatri bodo parja reli kupia halbic halbi kamar bhunjia nahari southern marathi konkani marathic marathi varhadi andh berar deccan varli phudagi katkari kadodi konkanic konkani maharashtrian konkani nawayathi insular dhivehi sinhala vedda old sanskrit vedic classical mitanni superstrate middle early ashokan prakrit pāli early ardhamagadhi middle prakrit buddhist hybrid sanskrit dramatic prakrits ardhamagadhi magadhi maharashtri shauraseni epigraphical hybrid sanskrit gāndhārī gaudi monumental prakrit paishachi late apabhraṃśa abahattha apabhraṃśa elu kamarupi khasa prakrit proto languages proto indo iranian proto indo aryan early romani unclassified badeshi unknown further classification bazigar chinali lahul chinali lahul lohar sheikhgal pidgins and creoles andaman creole hindi bombay hindi haflong hindi kurbet nagamese nefamese vedda see also indo iranian languages nuristani languages iranian languages authority control databases national united states france bnf data israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title braj_bhasha oldid 1378975376 categories languages of india central indo aryan languages languages of uttar pradesh languages of rajasthan brij languages listed as hindi dialects in latest census hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use indian english from may 2016 all wikipedia articles written in indian english use dmy dates from may 2016 articles containing braj language text languages with iso 639 2 code iso language articles citing sources other than ethnologue cs1 hindi language sources hi this page was last edited on 7 october 2026 at 04 30 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents braj bhasha 45 languages add topic