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edias imperial library inventions medicine philosophy rhetoric scholars university university of constantinople impact byzantine commonwealth byzantine studies museums byzantinism cyrillic script neo byzantine architecture greek scholars in the renaissance third rome megali idea index outline portal links to related articles v t e empires ancient colonies akkadian armenian urartu orontid ancient assyrian middle assyrian neo assyrian babylonian old babylonian kassite neo babylonian chinese qin han jin dʿmt egyptian old kingdom middle kingdom new kingdom goguryeo harsha hellenistic greek colonisation macedonian seleucid ptolemaic bactrian indo greek hittite hunnic white xiongnu iranian median achaemenid parthian sasanian kush kushan magadha haryanka shaishunaga nanda maurya shunga gupta nabatean phoenician carthaginian roman western eastern satavahana neo sumerian xianbei rouran post classical angevin aragonese armenian bagratid vaspurakan artsakh cilician zakarid ayyubid aztec benin bornu bruneian bulgarian first second burmese first calakmul caliphate rashidun umayyad abbasid fatimid chalukya western eastern chinese sui tang liao song jīn yuan chola ethiopian aksum zagwe solomonic genoese georgian huetar inca vilcabamba kannauj pala gurjara pratihara rashtrakuta iranian tahirid saffarid samanid buyid japanese yamato kamakura muromachi edo kanem khmer latin lithuanian grand duchy commonwealth majapahit mali mongol yuan golden horde chagatai khanate ilkhanate berber almoravid almohad norwegian north sea oyo polish kingdom commonwealth eastern roman byzantine nicaea thessalonica trebizond epirus morea romano germanic carolingian holy roman serbian singhasari songhai srivijaya tibetan tikal tiwanaku toltec turco persian ghaznavid great seljuk khwarezmian timurid turkic first western eastern second türgesh uighur kyrgyz venetian vietnamese dinh early le ly tran ho later tran later le vijayanagara wagadou wari modern afghan ashanti austro hungarian brazilian burmese second third central african chinese ming qing china manchukuo ethiopian haitian first second french first second german german empire nazi germany indian indo persian mughal sikh iranian safavid afsharid zand qajar pahlavi japanese kazakh korean maratha mexican first second mongol oirat khoshut dzungar ottoman moroccan saadi alawi russian tsarist imperial contemporary sokoto swedish tongan vietnamese mạc revival lê tay sơn dainam vietnam colonial austrian attempts belgian british english scottish chinese danish dutch french german attempts italian venetian genoese maltese attempts japanese mongol norwegian omani polish lithuanian couronian attempts portuguese russian spanish catalan aragonese basque swedish lists empires largest ancient great powers medieval great powers modern great powers european colonialism african empires middle eastern empires nomadic empire imperialism imperialism by country american chinese russian eurasianism academic cultural ecological green media new nuclear liberal linguistic platform scientific social theories related anti imperialism colonialism internal settler colonization concessions and leases in international relations fascism han chauvinism ottomanism neo soviet empire white supremacy v t e history of anatolia v t e list of historic states of italy pre roman period etruscan civilization etruria samnites latins osci celts cisalpine gaul veneti ligures nuragic civilization umbri magna graecia iapygians picentes ancient rome roman kingdom 753 bc 509 bc roman republic 509 bc 27 bc roman empire 27 bc 395 ad western roman empire 395 476 ad medieval and early modern states barbarian kingdoms 476 774 odoacer s rule 476 493 ostrogothic rule 493 553 vandal rule 435 534 lombard rule 568 774 duchy of benevento duchy of friuli duchy of ivrea duchy of spoleto duchy of tridentum duchy of tuscia byzantine empire 584 751 exarchate of ravenna 584 751 duchy of rome 533 751 duchy of perugia 554 752 duchy of the pentapolis 554 752 exarchate of africa 585 698 papal states 754 1870 patrimony of saint peter campagna e marittima province holy see commune of rome duchy of castro duchy of ferrara duchy of parma and piacenza duchy of urbino holy roman empire and other independent states bishopric of bressanone corsican republic city of fiume and its district county of gorizia princely county of gorizia and gradisca county of guastalla county of santa fiora duchy of guastalla kingdom of italy ancona ceva finale march of friuli patria del friuli patriarchate of aquileia ivrea istria mantua milan march of montferrat duchy of montferrat trieste turin tuscany verona duchy of ivrea duchy of milan duchy of mantua duchy of massa and carrara duchy of merania duchy of mirandola duchy of modena and reggio county of novellara and bagnolo principality of piombino duchy of reggio marquisate of saluzzo duchy of spoleto bishopric of tarantasia prince bishopric of trento grand duchy of tuscany savoyard state savoy county of savoy piedmont duchy of aosta county of nice county of tenda republic of venice 697 1797 dogado domini di terraferma stato da màr other republics c 1000 1797 republic of cospaia republic of florence republic of lucca republic of massa republic of siena republic of genoa republic of noli republic of pisa republic of ancona southern italy 774 1139 byzantine duchy of amalfi duchy of gaeta catepanate of italy longobardia theme of lucania duchy of naples theme of sicily and byzantine sicily duchy of sorrento arab emirate of bari muslim sicily lombard principality of benevento principality of salerno principality of capua norman county of apulia and calabria county of aversa county of sicily principality of taranto sardinia from the 9th century judicates agugliastra arborea cagliari gallura logudoro oristano republic of sassari kingdom of sardinia 1324 1861 kingdom of sicily 1130 1816 and kingdom of naples 1282 1816 state of the presidi duke of san donato duchy of sora duchy of bari county of lecce principality of taranto terra sancti benedicti neapolitan republic 1647 1648 hospitaller malta gozo malta protectorate crown colony of malta french revolutionary and napoleonic eras 1792 1815 republics cisalpinia cispadania italy liguria lucca parthenopea piedmont rome subalpinia transpadania monarchies benevento etruria guastalla italy lucca and piombino massa and carrara naples pontecorvo benevento tuscany elba corsica post napoleonic states duchy of genoa 1815 1848 duchy of lucca 1815 1847 duchy of massa and carrara 1814 1829 duchy of modena and reggio 1814 1859 duchy of parma and piacenza 1814 1859 grand duchy of tuscany 1815 1859 italian united provinces 1831 provisional government of milan 1848 republic of san marco 1848 1849 roman republic 1849 1850 united provinces of central italy 1859 1860 kingdom of sardinia 1814 1860 kingdom of the two sicilies 1816 1861 kingdom of lombardy venetia 1815 1866 papal states 1814 1870 post unification kingdom of italy 1861 1946 italian empire 1882 1960 free state of fiume 1920 1924 italian social republic 1943 1945 free territory of trieste 1947 1954 v t e timeline of mesopotamia northwestern mesopotamia northern mesopotamia southern mesopotamia c 3500 2350 bc late chalcolithic 4 5 early jezirah 1 3 uruk period jemdet nasr period early dynastic period c 2350 2200 bc akkadian empire c 2200 2100 bc gutians c 2100 2000 bc third dynasty of ur c 2000 1800 bc mari and other amorite city states old assyrian period isin larsa and other amorite city states c 1800 1600 bc old hittite kingdom old babylonian empire southern akkadians c 1600 1400 bc mitanni hurrians karduniaš kassites c 1400 1200 bc hittite empire middle assyria c 1200 1150 bc late bronze age collapse arameans c 1150 911 bc phoenicia neo hittite city states aram damascus arameans middle babylonia chal de ans 911 729 bc neo assyrian empire 729 609 bc 626 539 bc neo babylonian empire chaldeans 539 331 bc achaemenid empire 336 301 bc macedonian empire ancient greeks and macedonians 311 129 bc seleucid empire 129 63 bc seleucid empire parthian empire 63 bc 224 ad ancient rome byzantine empire syria 224 mid 700s ad sassanid empire v t e ancient rome topics outline timeline index history foundation kingdom overthrow republic empire history pax romana principate dominate western empire fall historiography of the fall byzantine empire decline fall later roman empire history constitution history kingdom republic empire late empire senate legislative assemblies curiate centuriate tribal plebeian executive magistrates spqr law twelve tables mos maiorum citizenship auctoritas imperium status litigation government curia forum cursus honorum collegiality emperor legatus dux officium praefectus vicarius vigintisexviri lictor magister militum imperator princeps senatus pontifex maximus augustus caesar tetrarch optimates and populares province magistrates ordinary consul censor praetor tribune tribune of the plebs military tribune quaestor aedile promagistrate governor extraordinary rex interrex dictator magister equitum decemviri consular tribune triumvir military history borders structural history campaigns political control strategy engineering frontiers and fortifications castra technology army legion infantry tactics personal equipment siege engines siege warfare navy auxiliaries decorations and punishments hippika gymnasia economy agriculture deforestation commerce finance currency republican currency imperial currency poverty culture architecture art bathing calendar clothing cosmetics cuisine education family pater familias folklore hairstyles literature music mythology religion deities romanization romans sexuality spectacles theatre toys and games wine society patricians plebs conflict of the orders secessio plebis equites gens tribes assembly patronage naming conventions demography women marriage weddings adoption slavery bagaudae hippodrome factions technology amphitheatres aqueducts bridges circuses civil engineering concrete domes metallurgy numerals roads sanitation ships temples theatres thermae latin history alphabet versions old classical vulgar late medieval renaissance neo latin contemporary ecclesiastical romance languages writers latin aelius donatus ammianus marcellinus appuleius asconius pedianus augustine aurelius victor ausonius boëthius caesar catullus cassiodorus censorinus cicero claudian columella cornelius nepos ennius eutropius fabius pictor sextus pompeius festus rufus festus florus frontinus fronto fulgentius gellius horace hydatius hyginus jerome jordanes julius paulus justin juvenal lactantius livy lucan lucretius macrobius marcellus empiricus marcus aurelius manilius martial nicolaus damascenus nonius marcellus obsequens orosius ovid petronius phaedrus plautus pliny the elder pliny the younger pomponius mela priscian propertius quadrigarius quintilian quintus curtius rufus sallust seneca the elder seneca the younger servius sidonius apollinaris silius italicus statius suetonius symmachus tacitus terence tertullian tibullus valerius antias valerius maximus varro velleius paterculus verrius flaccus vergil vitruvius greek aelian aëtius of amida appian arrian cassius dio diodorus siculus diogenes laertius dionysius of halicarnassus dioscorides eusebius of caesaria galen herodian josephus julian libanius lucian pausanias philostratus phlegon of tralles photius plutarch polyaenus polybius porphyrius priscus procopius simplicius of cilicia sozomen stephanus byzantinus strabo themistius theodoret zonaras zosimus major cities alexandria antioch aquileia berytus bononia carthage constantinopolis eboracum leptis magna londinium lugdunum lutetia mediolanum pompeii ravenna roma smyrna vindobona volubilis lists and other topics cities and towns climate consuls dictators distinguished women dynasties emperors empresses fiction film generals gentes geographers institutions laws legacy legions magistri equitum nomina pontifices maximi praetors quaestors tribunes roman iranian relations external wars and battles civil wars and revolts v t e history of europe prehistory paleolithic europe neolithic europe chalcolithic europe bronze age europe iron age europe classical antiquity classical greece roman republic hellenistic period roman empire early christianity christianity in late antiquity crisis of the third century fall of the western roman empire late antiquity middle ages early middle ages migration period christianity in the middle ages christianization francia anglo saxon england byzantine empire papal states bulgarian empire first second maritime republics venice genoa pisa amalfi viking age kievan rus crown of aragon aragon catalonia valencia majorca holy roman empire high middle ages republic of florence feudalism crusades mongol invasion serbian empire late middle ages black death hundred years war kalmar union modern period renaissance printing high renaissance early modern christianity in the modern era reformation age of discovery scientific revolution baroque grand duchy of tuscany thirty years war absolute monarchy ottoman empire portuguese empire spanish empire early modern france polish lithuanian commonwealth cossack hetmanate swedish empire dutch republic british empire habsburg monarchy tsarist russia age of enlightenment great divergence industrial revolution french revolution napoleonic wars nationalism revolutions of 1848 world war i russian revolution interwar period world war ii cold war european integration euro area crisis covid 19 pandemic 2022 russian invasion of ukraine related art of europe bibliography of european history genetic history of europe history of christianity history of the mediterranean region history of the european union history of western civilization maritime history of europe military history of europe crusading movement portals ancient rome byzantine empire christianity greece middle ages byzantine empire at wikipedia s sister projects definitions from wiktionary media from commons quotations from wikiquote texts from wikisource travel guides from wikivoyage authority control databases international viaf 2 3 4 5 6 gnd fast worldcat 2 national united states france 2 bnf data 2 japan czech republic spain norway greece poland vatican israel catalonia academics cinii other idref 2 open library 2 historical dictionary of switzerland i̇slâm ansiklopedisi internet encyclopedia of ukraine yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title byzantine_empire oldid 1378513336 categories byzantine empire 1453 disestablishments in asia 1453 disestablishments in europe 330s establishments christendom former christian states former countries in africa former countries in europe former countries in the balkans former countries in west asia former empires former transcontinental empires states and territories disestablished in 1453 states and territories established in the 390s tributary states of the ottoman empire hidden categories wikipedia indefinitely semi protected pages 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