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darkinyung language wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 alternate names 2 revitalisation effort 3 phonology toggle phonology subsection 3 1 consonants 3 2 vowels 4 morphology toggle morphology subsection 4 1 tags 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents darkinyung language 2 languages español kiswahili edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from darkinjung language extinct australian aboriginal language darkinjung hawkesbury macdonald river native to australia region new south wales ethnicity darkinjung darkinung era attested 1903 revival a small number of second language users in revival program language family pama nyungan yuin kuric yora darkinjung language codes iso 639 3 xda glottolog hawk1239 aiatsis 1 s65 elp darkinyung traditional lands of aboriginal australian tribes around sydney darkinjung in brown darkinjung darrkinyung many other spellings see below is an australian aboriginal language the traditional language of the darkinyung people while no audio recordings of the language survive several researchers have compiled wordlists and grammatical descriptions it has been classified as a language no longer fully spoken 2 and it can be classified as needing a language renewal 3 program it was spoken adjacent to dharuk wiradhuri gamilaraay and awabakal the darkinjung tribe occupied a small part of southeastern australia inside what is now the new south wales area they likely inhabited a considerable tract of land within hunter northumberland and cook counties 4 alternate names edit the name of the language has various spellings as recorded by both mathews and w j enright among others who worked of documentation from the 19th century 5 darkinjang tindale 1974 darkinjung darkiñung mathews 1903 darrkinyung darginjang darginyung darkinung darkinoong darknüng darkinyung revitalisation effort edit since 2003 there has been a movement from the darkinyung language group to revitalise the language they started working with the original field reports of robert h mathews and w j enright where there were gaps in the sparsely populated wordlists words were taken from lexically similar nearby languages this led to the publication of the work darkinyung grammar and dictionary revitalising a language from historical sources 5 this may be ordered from the publisher muurrbay aboriginal language and culture co operative 6 phonology edit much of our understanding of darkinjung phonology comes from papers published by r h mathews in 1903 when analysing these sources we may generalise that there were around 15 consonant phonemes and approximately 3 vowels 5 consonants edit bilabial dental alveolar palatal velar plosive b d̪ d ɟ g nasal m n̪ n ɲ ŋ trill r approximant w ɹ j lateral l in darkinjung like many australian languages b d and g are interchangeable with p t and k and will not change the meaning of the word the fact that this table shows b d and g is arbitrary vowels edit front back high ɪ ʊ low ɐ morphology edit tags edit darkinjung makes use of what mathews refers to as tags or suffixes to denote relationships between objects in sentences 5 number tags bula two and biyn several miri bula dog two miri bula dog two a couple of dogs possessor tag gayi guri man gayi poss bargan boomerang guri gayi bargan man poss boomerang a man s boomerang locative at on in tags a da dja ga wa the locative tags ga and wa appear to be found after stems ending in vowels 5 gawin da bank loc nhayi that over there gawin da nhayi bank loc that over there on the other side words with locational information seem to coincide with nouns that also carry a locative tag wallang gayn dja behind loc gundji ga hut loc gara dhi hide pres wallang gayn dja gundji ga gara dhi behind loc hut loc hide pres around the house hidden ergative case tags a da ga ya words that end in the consonant ŋ receive that tag ga nyugang ga woman erg wagar perch mana yi get past nyugang ga wagar mana yi woman erg perch get past the woman caught a perch references edit s65 darkinjung at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies national indigenous languages survey report 2005 australian indigenous languages framework senior secondary assessment board of south australia 1996 mathews r h 1 january 1903 languages of the kamilaroi and other aboriginal tribes of new south wales the journal of the anthropological institute of great britain and ireland 33 259 283 doi 10 2307 2842812 jstor 2842812 1 2 3 4 5 jones caroline 2008 darkinyung grammar and dictionary revitalising a language from historical sources nambucca heads australia muurrbay aboriginal language and culture co operative isbn 978 0 9775351 9 4 publications muurrbay aboriginal language and culture co operative retrieved 11 august 2023 r h mathews july december 1903 languages of the kamilaroi and other aboriginal tribes of new south wales the journal of the anthropological institute of great britain and ireland 33 royal anthropological institute of great britain and ireland 259 283 doi 10 2307 2842812 jstor 2842812 external links edit bibliography of darkinjung people and language resources archived 28 may 2015 at the wayback machine at the australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies v t e aboriginal peoples in new south wales aboriginal language groups yugambeh bandjalangic aboriginal nations koori kuringgai murri mainly queensland bordering nsw western bundjalung people aboriginal peoples anēwan arakwal awabakal banbai barranbinya bidjigal bigambul birrbay bundjalung western bundjalung darkinyung darug djangadi djiringanj eora gamilaraay gandangara geawegal gidhabal githabul gringai guringay gumbaynggirr gweagal himberrong jeithi jitajita jukambal galibal karenggapa kawambarai gawambaraay kula kurnu kuringgai kureinji kwiambal malyangapa maraura milpulo muruwari muthi muthi nhaawuparlku nari nari ngaku ngambaa ngarbal ngarigo ngiyampaa ngunnawal paakantyi paaruntyi barindji tharawal thaua yuwaalaraay walbunja walgalu ngambri wandandian wangaaypuwan wanjiwalku weilwan wemba wemba wirraayaraay wiyabal wilyakali wiradjuri wodiwodi wonnarua worimi yaygirr yugambeh clans wanggeriburra kombumerri mununjali tulgigin yuin aboriginal clans cammeraygal gadigal gorualgal jerrinja ngambri wallumettagal wangal aboriginal languages awabakal bandjalang or bundjalung darkinjung dharug or eora dyirringany gamilaraay or yuwaaliyaay madhi madhi nganywyana ngiyambaa ngunnawal gundungurra tharawal or dharawal wemba wemba wiradjuri worimi yugambeh see also list of australian aboriginal group names by state or territory new south wales northern territory queensland south australia tasmania victoria western australia v t e pama nyungan languages paman languages north adithinngithigh andjingith anguthimri alngith linnithigh mpakwithi ndra ngith arritinngithigh awngthim luthigh mpalitjanh mbiywom ndrangith ndwa ngith ngkoth unjadi uradhi atampaya yinwum wudhadhi yadhaykenu angkamuthi northeast umpila wik ayabadhu kugu muminh pakanha wik me nh wik mungkan wik ngathan wik ompom lamalamic lamalama morrobolam yalanjic barrow point gugu yalandyi kuku nyungkal guugu yimidhirr southwest koko bera kok thawa kunjen ogh undjan kuuk thaayorre kuuk yak yir yoront norman kurtjar kuthant thaypan alungul angkula aghu tharrnggala ikarranggal takalak thaypan southern mbara yanga mbabaram walangama wamin other djabugay flinders island gugadj kok narr mbariman gudhinma umbindhamu eastern pama nyungan dyirbalic dyirbal nyawaygi warrgamay wulguru yuru maric badjiri bidjara biri biri proper kingkel bayali darumbal warrongo yanda guwa yirandhali waka kabic barunggam gabi gabi gureng gureng tulua wakawaka wuliwuli durubalic guwar pimpama janday nunukul turrbal gumbaynggiric kumbainggar yaygir wiradhuric gamilaraay ngiyambaa wiradjuri yuin kuric darkinjung dharug dhanggati ngarigo ngunnawal gundungurra tharawal dharawal dhurga dyirringany thawa yugambal marbal worimi awabakal gathang gippsland dhudhuroa gunaikurnai bidhawal pallanganmiddang yugambeh bandjalang waalubal yugambeh githabul bundjalung other anewan kalaw lagaw ya yidiny bigambul guyambal lower burdekin bindal southern pama nyungan yotayotic yabula yabula yorta yorta kulinic kolakngat kulin dja dja wurrung wathaurong western victoria wemba wemba barababaraba ledji ledji madhi madhi nari nari wadi wadi wergaia woiwurrung taungurung bunurong bindjali drual bungandidj dhauwurd wurrung kuurn kopan noot lower murray keramin ngayawung yaralde yitha yitha yuyu thura yura adnyamathanha barngarla kaurna kuyani narungga nauo ngadjuri nukunu wirangu mirniny mirning ngadjunmaya nyungic galaagu kalaamaya natingero nyungar western pama nyungan kartu badimaya malgana thaagurda nhanda nhanhagardi wajarri yinggarda kanyara mantharta kanyara burduna bayungu thalanyji pinikura mantharta tharrgari warriyangka thiin jiwarli ngayarta jurruru kurrama martuthunira ngarla ngarluma kariyarra nhuwala nyamal nyiyaparli panyjima yindjibarndi yinhawangka marrngu karajarri mangala nyangumarta northern pama nyungan ngumpin yapa ngarrga warlmanpa warlpiri ngumpin walmajarri djaru gurindji bilinarra mudburra warumungu warumungu warluwaric wagaya bularnu yindjilandji warluwarra yanyuwa kalkatungic kalkatungu yalarnnga mayi mayi kulan mayi kutuna ngawun yolŋu dhaŋu dhuwal djaŋu djinba djinaŋ ritharrŋu nhaŋu central pama nyungan wati ngardi wanman western desert arandic arrernte kaytetye lower arrernte pertame karnic arabana diyari pirlatapa mithaka ngamini yarluyandi ngura pitta pitta wanggamala wangka yutjurru wilson river bundhamara new wangkumara garlali yandruwandha other baagandji bulloo river old wangkumara garlali muruwari barranbinja yarli macro pama nyungan macro gunwinyguan maningrida burarra ndjébbana gurr goni nakkara mangarrayi marran alawa mangarrayi marra warndarrang yugul gunwinyguan anindilyakwa dalabon gunbarlang jawoyn kunwinjku ngalakgan ngandi nunggubuyu rembarrnga uwinymil waray other gaagudju kungarakany wardaman wagiman tangkic kayardild lardil minkin gangalidda yukulta yangkaal garrwan garrwa gunindiri waanyi italics indicate extinct languages retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title darkinyung_language oldid 1359239121 categories extinct languages yuin kuric languages hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use australian english from august 2018 all wikipedia articles written in australian english use dmy dates from august 2018 language articles with unreferenced extinction date webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 14 june 2026 at 01 27 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents darkinyung language 2 languages add topic