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dilima, evening, nitima, noon, rʰima, morning, belahoi, night, din, day, bedzan, girl, wadzan, boy, wife, husband, tsamdi, daughter, tsan, son, dada, dzamal, child, bebal, woman, djaŋ, man, name, makra, spider, nʰamui, ant, dzahã, mosquito, nʰojã, monkey, puhjã, snake, kʰija, dog, meʔsa, goat, meṭʰoŋ, tail, ḍaŋ, horns, dudʰe, milk, dija, buffalo, gai, cow, tui, egg, kitsan, chicken, haja, fish, sau, fat, biha, dese, salt, tsuiti, oil, bəndakobʰi, cabbage, golbʰanda, tomato, kobʰi, cauliflower, taŋgo, onion, mantsʰar, garlic, juŋgʰai, turmeric, martsi, chili, bədəm, groundnut, beŋgana, eggplant, bilaiti, potato, uŋkʰu, rice, dzəu, barley, gom, wheat, jumpʰi, banana, torse, mango, pʰəlpʰul, fruit, lʰe, flower, tsui, thorn, dzari, root, lʰaba, leaf, siŋ, tree, sona, gold, dʰula, dust, bʰonoi, mud, buʔsuri, ash, dʰwã, smoke, fire, balʰe, sand, dama, path, antʰui, stone, bʰerma, wind, dʰeŋgur, rainbow, lightning, tsilkatsilka, badle, cloud, dzʰora, water, barsa, rain, pʰuru, star, akas, sky, tali, moon, sane, sun, aũtʰi, ring, lokʰon, cloth, bindu, needle, sute, thread, diham, rope, dupʰe, axe, tsəkku, knife, hətəura, hammer, lohoro, pestle, siləuṭo, mortar, pʰesar, broom, misiŋ, firewood, pʰinu, door, tsale, roof, house, dera, village, lisi, feces, soʔ, urine, hiti, blood, tumsiŋ, heart, hara, bone, dʰale, skin, kʰokoi, leg, kʰursiŋ, fingernail, aŋguli, finger, palm, giru, elbow, arm, hand, hamu, belly, dudu, breast, detoŋ, tongue, tasiŋ, teeth, nui, mouth, nʰapu, nose, nʰatoŋ, ear, misjã, eye, rʰai, face, pusuŋ, hair, puriŋ, head, dziu, following, basic, word, morphologically, but, beings, animate, animals, distinct, lexical, items, except, singular, dual, can, morphemes, polymorphemic, recognizable, relations, often, compound, involved, relation, means, composed, combination, indicating, combined, relationship, appear, loanwords, depending, age, realized, nearest, equivalents, trill, approximant, fricative, plosive, nasal, glottal, velar, palatal, alveolar, 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Text of the page (random words):
dhimal language wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 distribution and status 2 phonology toggle phonology subsection 2 1 vowels 2 2 consonants 3 grammar toggle grammar subsection 3 1 nouns 4 vocabulary 5 see also 6 references toggle the table of contents dhimal language 15 languages अवधी brezhoneg deutsch français gaelg latina मैथिली മലയാളം नेपाली ਪੰਜਾਬੀ piemontèis português русский kiswahili 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia sino tibetan language of nepal this article should specify the language of its non english content using lang or langx transliteration for transliterated languages and ipa for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate iso 639 code wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used notably dhi for dhimal see why february 2021 dhimal धिमाल dhimal bhasha in dham and devanagari script region nepal ethnicity dhimal native speakers 20 000 2011 census 1 language family sino tibetan tibeto burman kiranti dhimalish dhimal writing system dham script language codes iso 639 3 dhi glottolog dhim1246 elp dhimal map of where dhimal is spoken dhimal is a sino tibetan language of nepal spoken by about 20 000 people mainly in the terai of koshi province there is an eastern and western dialect which are separated by the kankai river most people transcribe dhimal into devanagari and there are standard conventions for extra phonological distinctions distribution and status edit dhimal is spoken in the southern terai of eastern nepal specifically in the districts of morang jhapa and sunsari in the region the dhimal make up slightly more than 1 of the population 2 the eastern and western dialects are separated by the kankai river in jhapa district 1 the main areas of concentration for the western dialect is between the towns of belbari and damak while the eastern dialect is concentrated along the mechi river bordering india 3 until the early 20th century the terai was considered a hostile environment for non indigenous peoples and the dhimal were thus left undisturbed with the mass migration of hill people to the terai came the destruction of most of the forest cover and thus the dhimals were displaced and forced into a marginal position in society the dhimals have been thrust into a cash economy without specific skills or land and their culture is thus rapidly eroding due to intermarriage with other groups and assimilation to the dominant pahadi culture many dhimal parents especially in the eastern region have stopped teaching their children dhimal making the language highly endangered likely to go extinct in two generations without revitalization efforts since the return of democracy to nepal in the 1990s the dhimal have joined the struggle for linguistic and cultural equality being done by other janjatis in 1993 the dhimal people s development centre in damak was formed to revitalize dhimal culture and in 2001 was given some government land to build a facility some literature has been published in the language and many of the youth are recording and posting dhimal songs on sites like youtube 4 phonology edit vowels edit dhimal has 16 primary vowel phonemes distinguished by length and nasality and six diphthongs 5 front central back close i iː ĩ u uː ũ mid e eː ẽ ə o oː õ open vowel a aː ɑ̃ the diphthongs of dhimal are iu ui eu oi au ai consonants edit dhimal has 31 consonants including a four way distinction between voiced voiceless aspirated breathy in the case of voiced and unaspirated bilabial alveolar palatal velar glottal nasal m mʱ n nʱ ŋ plosive voiceless p pʰ t tʰ c k kʰ ʔ voiced b bʱ d dʱ ɟ ɟʱ ɡ ɡʱ fricative s h approximant w wʱ l lʱ trill r rʱ dhimal also has other consonants that only appear in loanwords from indo aryan languages these are ɖ ɖʱ ʈ ʈʱ cʰ ɳ ɽ and ʂ depending on age these may also be realized as their nearest dhimal equivalents 4 grammar edit nouns edit dhimal nouns can have one or multiple morphemes many polymorphemic nouns are made up of recognizable parts for instance human relations are often made as a compound of the words for the two people involved in the relation for instance aba amai means parents and is composed of the words aba meaning father and amai meaning mother the combination indicating their combined relationship gender is marked morphologically but only with body parts of human beings and on animate nouns animals may be marked for gender with distinct lexical items nouns are unmarked for number except for personal pronouns for personal pronouns singular and plural are unmarked and only the dual number is marked or distinguished 2 vocabulary edit the following dhimal western dialect basic vocabulary word list is from regmi et al 2014 92 98 6 dziu body puriŋ head pusuŋ hair rʰai face misjã eye nʰatoŋ ear nʰapu nose nui mouth tasiŋ teeth detoŋ tongue dudu breast hamu belly kʰur arm hand giru elbow kʰur palm aŋguli finger kʰursiŋ fingernail kʰokoi leg dʰale skin hara bone tumsiŋ heart hiti blood soʔ urine lisi feces dera village sa house tsale roof pʰinu door misiŋ firewood pʰesar broom siləuṭo mortar lohoro pestle hətəura hammer tsəkku knife dupʰe axe diham rope sute thread bindu needle lokʰon cloth aũtʰi ring sane sun tali moon akas sky pʰuru star barsa rain tsi water dzʰora river badle cloud tsilkatsilka lightning dʰeŋgur rainbow bʰerma wind antʰui stone dama path balʰe sand me fire dʰwã smoke buʔsuri ash bʰonoi mud dʰula dust sona gold siŋ tree lʰaba leaf dzari root tsui thorn lʰe flower pʰəlpʰul fruit torse mango jumpʰi banana gom wheat husked dzəu barley uŋkʰu rice husked bilaiti potato beŋgana eggplant bədəm groundnut martsi chili juŋgʰai turmeric mantsʰar garlic taŋgo onion kobʰi cauliflower golbʰanda tomato bəndakobʰi cabbage tsuiti oil dese salt biha meat sau fat of meat haja fish kitsan chicken tui egg gai cow dija buffalo dudʰe milk ḍaŋ horns meṭʰoŋ tail meʔsa goat kʰija dog puhjã snake nʰojã monkey dzahã mosquito nʰamui ant makra spider mi name djaŋ man bebal woman dzamal child aba father amai mother dada older brother one younger brother bai older sister one younger sister tsan son tsamdi daughter ke husband be wife wadzan boy bedzan girl din day belahoi night rʰima morning nitima noon dilima evening andzi yesterday nani today dzumni tomorrow atʰar week maina month basar year purna old nawa new remka good maremka bad tsuŋka wet seŋka dry rʰiŋka long poṭoka short dʰaŋka hot tirka cold dahine right debre left bʰerpa near dure far barka big atuŋka small lʰika heavy homka light ruta above leta below dze ka white da ka black i ka red eʔ one nʰe two sum three dja four na five tu six nʰi seven yeʔ eight kwa nine te ten egʰarə eleven barʰə twelve eʔkuri twenty eʔ sae one hundred hasu who hai what hiso where helau when hetʰe how many hidoi which idoi this odoi that ebalai these obalai those waŋ odoŋ same bʰenaŋ different gottaŋ whole bʰoika broken atuisa few hiŋtsʰa many dzʰaraŋ all tsali to eat ciʔli to bite mʰituli to be hungry amli to drink tsi amli kiʔli to be thirsty dzimli to sleep ulṭili to lie jomli to sit pili to give oʔpali to burn sili to die seʔli to kill uraili to fly teli to walk dʰaʔli to run run haneli to go go loli to come nuidʰuili to speak speak hiŋli to hear hear listen kʰaŋli to look look ka i na you informal na you formal wa he wa she kelai we inclusive kelai we exclusive nelai you plural obalai they see also edit dham script dhimalish comparative vocabulary list wiktionary references edit 1 2 dhimal at ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required 1 2 dhimal alphabets pronunciation and language www omniglot com retrieved 2024 02 28 sppel scheme for protection and preservation of endangered languages www sppel org retrieved 2024 02 28 1 2 t king j 2009 grammar of dhimal brill isbn 978 90 474 2917 3 oclc 1048620513 cite book cs1 maint multiple names authors list link king john t 2008 a grammar of dhimal brill isbn 978 90 04 17573 0 regmi dan raj karnakhar khatiwada and ambika regmi 2014 a sociolinguistic survey of dhimal a tibeto burman language archived 2018 08 31 at the wayback machine linguistic survey of nepal linsun tribhuvan university kathmandu nepal v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e kiranti languages limbu limbu western thulung wambule jerung khaling dumi koi bahing sunwar vayu tilung central kulung nachhiring sampang saam bantawa puma chamling dungmali eastern yakkha belhare athpare chintang chulung yamphu lohorung mewahang dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu see also mahakiranti languages v t e languages of nepal official languages federal level nepali province level awadhi bajjika bhojpuri doteli gurung limbu maithili magar nepal bhasa tamang tharu nepal portal indigenous languages sino tibetan kiranti bahing bantawa belhare chamling dhimal dumi sampang sunwar tilung thulung vayu waling yakkha magaric bhujel chepang dura kham newaric baram thangmi raji raute raji raute tamangic chantyal ghale kaike manang tibetic jirel kagate kyirong lepcha mugomt naapa nubri sherpa sikkimese bhutia yolmo indo aryan angika bengali danwar hindi jumli kumal magahi majhi marwari rajbanshi rangpuri kochila urdu sign language ghandruk sign language jhankot sign language jumla sign language maunabudhuk bodhe sign language nepali sign language other english kusunda kurukh majhwar mundari santali sanskrit authority control databases international gnd national latvia israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title dhimal_language oldid 1288851808 categories kiranti languages languages of india languages of nepal languages of koshi province languages written in devanagari hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata pages with non english text lacking appropriate markup from february 2021 pages containing links to subscription only content language articles citing ethnologue 18 articles containing dhimal language text ill formatted infobox language images cs1 maint multiple names authors list pages with plain ipa webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 5 may 2025 at 02 29 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents dhimal language 15 languages add topic