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that helped equip and support ukrainian volunteer battalions with small commercial uavs for aerial reconnaissance and surveillance which were later adopted by the ukrainian armed forces this experience later contributed to the expansion of aerorozvidka s drone operations where it developed more advanced unmanned systems 96 such as the r18 an armed octocopter developed by the organization from 2017 and tested in combat in 2019 97 pro russian separatist forces likewise began employing commercially available uavs for battlefield reconnaissance with some drones subsequently being adapted to carry and drop improvised munitions 98 the experience gained during the conflict demonstrated the military potential of inexpensive commercial uavs and contributed to their wider adoption during the russian invasion of ukraine in 2022 on 13 october 2022 the first recorded instance of an unarmed drone on drone combat encounter occurred above the donetsk region of ukraine a ukrainian dji mavic quadcopter was recorded ramming a russian drone of the same model resulting in the latter crashing towards the surface below 99 100 101 another instance of this aerial ramming tactic occurred on 24 november 2022 this time with the russian dji mavic being recorded plummeting towards the ground after a collision with a ukrainian drone 102 103 on 9 may 2023 a russian conscript surrendered to or rather via a ukrainian drone 104 the average hesa shahed 136 drone is worth about 20 000 an iris t missile is worth about 430 000 each in comparison from 13 september until 17 october open source information suggests that ukraine has had to spend 28 14 million on defending against these drones 105 106 since at least september 2022 ukraine has used black naval drones equipped with the starlink satellite internet system to carry attacks on the russian black sea fleet at the sevastopol naval base 107 108 109 110 the naval drones were at first assumed to be for reconnaissance but appear to carry munitions and act as a bomb 111 with experts noting that the sensors on the front of the naval drone could be used as a laser range finder to help in targeting 111 in late october 2022 seven of these drones were used to mount a successful drone attack on the sevastopol naval base 107 112 on 13 october 2022 a ukrainian mig 29 became the first manned plane to go down during combat due to a drone the pilot is claimed to have destroyed a shahed 136 drone with his cannon the blast is believed to have brought the plane down and hospitalised the pilot 113 in september 2023 ukrainian troops were reportedly using cardboard drones with gopro cameras for aerial reconnaissance 114 since the start of the war approximately 30 companies in ukraine have emerged to mass produce drones for the war effort the ukraine government ministry of digital transformation initiated the army of drones project and attempted to purchase up to 200 000 drones in 2023 aiming to deploy relatively cheap drones against large advantages russia has had in military equipment in 2023 they also sponsored several competitions where the dozens of drone developers that have sprung up all over ukraine are invited to make simulated attacks on ground targets or chase fixed wing drones or even participate in drone dogfight competitions 115 one new model that has been successful is the baba yaga hexacopter which can carry 44 pounds of payload 116 117 118 from early 2024 ukraine has started deploying manned aircraft such as the aeroprakt a 22 foxbat and yakovlev yak 52 which uses snipers or machine guns to shoot down russian drones 119 120 ukrainian drones have also been given a variety of improvised modifications for the express purpose of attacking and countering russian drones these include an instance in july 2024 where an fpv drone with a stick mounted to it was used to attack and eventually destroy a zala 421 16e reconnaissance drone through repeated aerial ramming 121 in 2024 drones controlled through a tether with optical fiber became commonplace thus avoiding radio jamming 122 on 31 july 2024 a russian mi 8 helicopter was downed over occupied donetsk by a ukrainian fpv drone the first time a helicopter in combat was destroyed by a drone the mi 8 was believed to have been attacked near the ground either during landing or take off 123 124 in february 2025 russian authorities reportedly discovered a plot in which a shipment of fpv drone headsets loaded with explosives were sent to russian soldiers each headset had 10 15 grams of explosives and were programmed to detonate on activation officials compared it to the 2024 lebanon electronic device attacks by israel 125 subsequent reports claimed 8 russian fpv pilots lost their eyesight due to explosions between 4 and 7 february 126 on 1 june 2025 ukraine carried out operation spiderweb dozens of fpv drones were smuggled into russia in trucks and were then launched from the trucks to strike russian airbases including belaya and olenya destroying multiple russian strategic bombers 127 128 fire at the moscow oil refinery on june 18 2026 ukrainian drone attacks on russian oil refineries have caused a fuel crisis in russia 129 nevertheless an article by a ukrainian journalist published by the atlantic council in december 2025 states the kremlin strategy has focused on mass producing a limited range of models for use on the battlefield and in the bombardment of ukrainian cities this methodical approach has paid dividends by the end of 2024 it was already becoming clear that the drone war was turning in russia s favor this trend has only intensified over the past year 16 the largest drone strike of the war was on 7 september 2025 when russia launched 810 drones and 13 missiles at ukraine of which 747 drones and four missiles were intercepted while 54 drones struck targets 130 on 9 september 2025 over a dozen russian drones breached polish airspace prompting a nato quick reaction alert and poland invoking article 4 of the nato treaty at least four of the drones were confirmed shot down on 18 september polish and ukrainian officials announced that the two countries would establish joint military training and production programs as the ukrainian military had emerged as a major pioneer in drone warfare in the russo ukrainian war 131 by 2026 some ukrainian media analysis framed long range drone and missile drone strikes as part of a broader shift from tactical drone use near the front line toward attacks on russian logistical infrastructure including fuel supplies transport nodes ports warehouses repair facilities and air defence systems 132 ukraine s unmanned systems forces began the middle strike campaign in early april 2026 to degrade russian logistics in russian occupied territories of ukraine heavily utilizing one way attack drones 133 around this time russia reportedly began mass deployment of ai enabled autonomous versions of its molniya one way attack drone exhibiting a reduced radar cross section smaller ir signature and a negligible electronic emissions due to not needing to communicate with a uav operator 134 africa edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information september 2025 libya edit in 2020 a turkish made uav loaded with explosives detected and attacked haftar s forces in libya with artificial intelligence and without command according to a report from the un security council s panel of experts on libya published in march 2021 it was considered the first attack carried out by an ai uav 135 136 137 sudan edit on 19 september 2025 amid the siege of el fasher during the sudanese civil war a rapid support forces drone struck a mosque at an idp camp killing 75 people 138 sudan s paramilitary has also unleashed drone strikes on the city of port sudan these strikes have been a part of the ongoing civil war in sudan 139 anti drone warfare edit see also interceptor drone directed energy weapon electronic warfare and anti aircraft warfare metal anti drone mesh protecting gas infrastructure in moscow november 2025 german soldier displays a dronebuster counter uav weapon december 2025 as drone warfare evolved anti drone warfare also matured drones can be intercepted kinetically projectiles missiles barriers or another drone or non kinetically directed energy weapons hacking or communications jamming 140 buildings vehicles roads weapons platforms trenches and fortifications can be modified with materials such as wire mesh netting metal caging or chain link fencing to defend against kamikaze drone attacks 141 decoys may be used to mislead and divert incoming drone attacks or deceive enemy drone surveillance 142 aerial drones can be shot down from the ground using anti drone guns anti aircraft guns missile interceptors laser beams and occasionally small arms fire depending on the drone s altitude uavs can be intercepted air to air by interceptor drones helicopters fighter aircraft or by otherwise physically obstructing the drone s flight path electronic countermeasures include signal jamming spoofing and hi jacking often by means of in flight hacking larger uavs that share similar flight profiles to manned aircraft such as the mq 1 predator remain prone to being shot down via more traditional methods such as manpads or sams 143 144 during the russo ukrainian war soldiers began shooting down approaching uavs using shotguns machine guns and rifle fire 145 trainer aircraft such as the yak 52 were repurposed to intercept enemy uavs 146 surface drones such as ugvs and usvs can also be neutralized kinetically or non kinetically a ugv may be vulnerable to terrain obstacles as simple as a ditch or booby trap and can be attacked by shorter range weapons such as land mines anti armor weaponry and small arms fire usvs can be neutralized by various anti surface warfare methods including naval mines weapons mounted on defending ships and aircraft and obstacles on the water s surface underwater drones may be countered by underwater warfare methods ranging from underwater nets to more sophisticated seabed and anti submarine warfare tactics anti drone mesh netting or wooden logs 147 can be used to protect vehicles buildings roads seaports and weapons and radar systems against kamikaze drone attacks or to obfuscate targeting 148 reactive spaced slat or improvised armor can also be applied to vehicles to defend against kamikaze drone threats anti drone weapons edit category anti drone weapons laser weapon anti drone systems drone killer cartridge for infantry rifles and machine guns bukovel ad ukrainian anti drone electronic warfare system edm4s electronic drone mitigation 4 system lithuanian portable electronic warfare anti drone device merops american short range counter uav system octopus 100 ukrainian uav interceptor utilizing thermal imaging and computer vision for autonomous targeting r 330zh zhitel russian truck mounted jamming communication station yolka russian hand held fire and forget uav interceptor lockheed martin missiles and fire control advanced program s drone killer platform morfius 149 using high power microwave technology to counter drone swarms in airspace 150 see also edit large systems and manufacturers edit drone dome israeli anti aircraft including anti drone system developed by rafael ads dronesvision taiwanese arms manufacturer specialising in uav and anti uav technologies zala aero group russian arms manufacturer specialising in uav and anti uav ew systems other related topics edit unmanned systems forces of ukraine playstation mentality public opinion about the united states drone attacks lethal autonomous weapon military robot the nightmare of the vultures documentary tv series unmanned surface vehicle zanana civilian casualties from the united states drone strikes group of governmental experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems campaign to stop killer robots references edit special kherson cat 19 september 2024 the combat work of the ukrainian ground drone on the frontline x 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