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n saudi arabia bourbon anjou aa spain king felipe vi king philip v bourbon l archambault in modern france bernadotte sweden king carl xvi gustaf king charles xiv john pau in modern france chakri thailand king vajiralongkorn king rama i phra nakhon si ayutthaya in modern thailand tupou tonga king tupou vi king george tupou i tonga nahyan ab united arab emirates ac president mohamed bin zayed al nahyan sheikh dhiyab bin isa al nahyan liwa oasis in modern united arab emirates political families edit main articles political family and list of political families though in elected governments rule does not pass automatically by inheritance political power often accrues to generations of related individuals in the elected positions of republics and constitutional monarchies eminence influence tradition genetics and nepotism may contribute to the phenomenon hereditary dictatorship edit see also personalist dictatorship and absolute monarchy hereditary dictatorships are characterized by the dictator keeping political power within their family due to personal choice 101 the successor may be groomed during their lifetime as was the case for bashar al assad and his brother bassel 102 or a member of their family may manoeuvre to take control of the dictatorship after the dictator s death similar to the case of ramfis trujillo 103 current hereditary dictatorships dynasty regime dynastic founder current leader year founded ad length of rule kim family 104 105 north korea kim il sung kim jong un 1948 78 years 28 days gnassingbé family 106 togo gnassingbé eyadéma faure gnassingbé 1967 59 years 176 days bongo family 107 108 gabon omar bongo brice oligui nguema ae 1967 58 years 313 days nguema family 109 110 equatorial guinea francisco macías nguema teodoro obiang nguema mbasogo 1968 57 years 360 days gouled guelleh family 109 djibouti hassan gouled aptidon ismaïl omar guelleh 1977 49 years 102 days hun family 111 112 113 cambodia hun sen hun manet 1985 41 years 266 days déby family 114 chad idriss déby mahamat déby 1991 35 years 221 days aliyev family 115 azerbaijan heydar aliyev ilham aliyev 1993 33 years 105 days berdimuhamedow family 116 turkmenistan gurbanguly berdimuhamedow serdar berdimuhamedow 2006 19 years 290 days former hereditary dictatorships dynasty regime dynastic founder last leader year founded year ended length of rule cromwell family great britain oliver cromwell richard cromwell 1653 1659 5 years 160 days lópez family 117 paraguay carlos antonio lópez francisco solano lópez 1844 1870 25 years 353 days rana family nepal jung bahadur rana mohan shumsher jung bahadur rana 1846 1951 104 years 156 days chiang family af taiwan ag chiang kai shek chiang ching kuo 1928 1988 59 years 95 days trujillo family dominican republic rafael trujillo ramfis trujillo 1930 1961 31 years 93 days somoza family 118 nicaragua anastasio somoza garcía anastasio somoza debayle 1937 1979 42 years 197 days duvalier family haiti françois duvalier jean claude duvalier 1957 1986 28 years 108 days castro family cuba fidel castro raul castro 1959 2021 62 years 62 days assad family 119 120 syria hafez al assad bashar al assad 1970 2024 54 years 25 days kabila family dr congo laurent désiré kabila joseph kabila 1997 2019 21 years 252 days influential wealthy families edit main article list of wealthiest families see also edit part of a series on politics outline index category primary topics outline of political science index of politics articles politics by country politics by subdivision political economy political history political history of the world political philosophy systems anarchy city state collective leadership confessional democracy dictatorship directorial federacy feudalism hybrid regime meritocracy monarchy parliamentary presidential republic semi parliamentary semi presidential theocracy academic disciplines political science political scientists international relations theory comparative politics election science political analysis political theory policy studies political psychology political sociology public administration bureaucracy street level technocracy adhocracy service public civil policy public policy doctrine domestic policy foreign policy civil society public interest government branches separation of powers legislature executive judiciary election commission related topics sovereignty polity state country biology and political orientation critique of political economy political censorship political organisations theories of political behavior subseries electoral systems elections voting unitarism federalism government forms governance ideology culture political campaigning political parties politics portal v t e main article lists of dynasties look up dynasty in wiktionary the free dictionary cadet branch commonwealth realm conquest dynasty dynastic cycle dynastic order dynastic union elective monarchy family seat genealogy heads of former ruling families hereditary monarchy iranian intermezzo list of current constituent monarchs list of current monarchies list of current monarchs of sovereign states list of dynasties list of empires list of family trees list of kingdoms and royal dynasties list of largest empires list of monarchies list of noble houses non sovereign monarchy royal family royal household royal intermarriage self proclaimed monarchy political family notes edit emperor jimmu is said to have founded the kingdom of yamato in the year 660 bce but this is a much later tradition in fact the first japanese written records date to the 8th century ce over a thousand years later see kojiki and nihon shoki the first attested emperor is yūryaku who lived c 500 ce he is attested in the inariyama and eta funayama swords both made during reign of the great king waka takiru wakatakeru the first sword is dated to the year of the metal pig which could mean 471 or 534 17 cerdic of wessex is ultimately the ancestor of all english and british monarchs since henry i s wife margaret was a granddaughter of edward the exile see family tree of english monarchs 18 existing sovereign entities ruled by non dynastic monarchs include principality of andorra holy see ruling the vatican city state sovereign military hospitaller order of saint john of jerusalem of rhodes and malta the founder of a dynasty need not necessarily equate to the first monarch of a particular realm for example while william i was the dynastic founder of the house of orange nassau which currently rules over the kingdom of the netherlands he was never a monarch of the kingdom of the netherlands not to be confused with dynastic seat the house of windsor is descended from the house of saxe coburg and gotha which is a branch of the house of wettin the dynastic name was changed from saxe coburg and gotha to windsor in 1917 a sovereign state with charles iii as its monarch and head of state is known as a commonwealth realm george v was formerly a member of the house of saxe coburg and gotha before 1917 including australian antarctic territory coral sea islands territory territory of ashmore and cartier islands christmas island territory of cocos keeling islands territory of heard and mcdonald islands norfolk island the realm of new zealand consists of cook islands new zealand niue ross dependency tokelau including anguilla bailiwick of guernsey crown dependency bailiwick of jersey crown dependency bermuda british antarctic territory british indian ocean territory cayman islands falkland islands gibraltar isle of man crown dependency montserrat pitcairn henderson ducie and oeno islands saint helena ascension and tristan da cunha south georgia and the south sandwich islands akrotiri and dhekelia turks and caicos islands british virgin islands the crown dependencies of the bailiwick of guernsey the bailiwick of jersey and the isle of man are neither part of the united kingdom nor british overseas territories the house of belgium is descended from the house of saxe coburg and gotha which is a branch of the house of wettin the dynastic name was changed from saxe coburg and gotha to belgium in 1920 albert i was formerly a member of the house of saxe coburg and gotha before 1920 claimed by the royal house but the historicity is questionable the house of norodom is a branch of the varman dynasty the house of schleswig holstein sonderburg glücksburg is a branch of the house of oldenburg the danish realm consists of denmark faroe islands greenland including bouvet island jan mayen peter i island queen maud land svalbard the 1947 constitution of japan reduced the status of the emperor from a head of state 元首 genshu to a symbol 象徴 shōchō without any political authority and formally subject to popular sovereignty many constitutional scholars do not consider japan to have a monarchical form of government most historians regard emperor jimmu to have been a mythical ruler emperor ōjin traditionally considered the 15th emperor is the first who is generally thought to have existed while emperor kinmei the 29th emperor according to traditional historiography is the first monarch for whom verifiable regnal dates can be assigned the house of hashim is descended from banu qatada which was a branch of the house of ali the house of luxembourg nassau is descended from the house of nassau weilburg which is a branch of the house of nassau and the house of bourbon parma the temenggong dynasty is the ruling dynasty of johor and a cadet branch of the bendahara dynasty the sultan of johor is the reigning yang di pertuan agong of malaysia the throne of malaysia rotates among the nine constituent monarchies of malaysia each ruled by a dynasty the yang di pertuan agong is elected by the conference of rulers the house of orange nassau is a branch of the house of nassau additionally willem alexander is also linked to the house of lippe through beatrix of the netherlands the kingdom of the netherlands consists of aruba curaçao netherlands sint maarten the house of bourbon anjou is a branch of the house of bourbon the house of nahyan is the ruling dynasty of the emirate of abu dhabi the emir of abu dhabi is the incumbent president of the united arab emirates the president of the united arab emirates is elected by the federal supreme council the office has been held by the emir of abu dhabi since the formation of the united arab emirates in 1971 year authoritarian system began maternal cousin of ali bongo chiang kai shek position was briefly occupied by li zongren between 1949 and 1950 his son chiang ching kuo served as his premier in 1972 until his death in 1975 chiang ching kuo would later took the presidency of yen chia kan after both finished serving their terms as president and premier taiwan between 1949 and 1988 further reading edit james loxton 2026 why we elect former dictators and their children journal of democracy references edit english dictionary 1st ed dynasty n oxford university press oxford 1897 harper douglas dynasty online etymology dictionary oxford english dictionary 1st ed dynasty n oxford university press oxford 1897 oxford english dictionary 3rd ed house n 1 and int 10 b oxford university press oxford 2011 1 2 statement by nick clegg mp uk parliament website archived 5 july 2016 at the wayback machine 26 march 2015 retrieved on same date monaco royal taken seriously ill bbc news london 8 april 2005 archived from the original on 12 march 2010 retrieved 27 january 2013 the dynastic marriage european history online in german leibniz institute of european history archived from the original on 28 february 2023 retrieved 28 february 2023 pragmatic sanction of emperor charles vi encyclopædia britannica archived from the original on 3 may 2015 retrieved 21 september 2025 mutschlechner martin franz stephan as the founder of the habsburg lorraine dynasty the world of the habsburgs archived from the original on 3 september 2025 retrieved 21 september 2025 mutschlechner martin maria theresa as wife and mother the world of the habsburgs archived from the original on 7 november 2025 retrieved 2 november 2025 mitchell a wess 2019 the grand strategy of the habsburg empire princeton university press p 228 isbn 978 0 691 19644 2 thomson david 1961 the institutions of monarchy europe since napoleon new york knopf pp 79 80 the basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power the dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige frederick the great of prussia catherine the great of russia and maria theresa of austria were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state moreover the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government harman william p 1992 the sacred marriage of a hindu goddess motilal banarsidass pp 30 36 isbn 978 81 208 0810 2 iyer sathyanatha 1924 history of the nayaks of madura pp 130 140 brown delmer m 1993 the cambridge history of japan vol 1 ancient japan cambridge university press pp 140 145 isbn 978 0521223522 ponsonby fane richard 1915 the imperial house of japan ponsonby memorial society pp 10 20 seeley christopher 1991 a history of writing in japan brill pp 19 23 isbn 90 04 09081 9 mccalman archibald hamilton 1883 a compact history of england from the time of the ancient britons to the reign of queen victoria 1880 with a synopsis of england in the nineteenth century its government institutions etc book review r wrothington p 669 somani ram vallabh 1976 history of mewar from earliest times to 1751 a d jaipur c l ranka p 34 the constitution 26th amendment act 1971 india code government of india 1971 archived from the original on 6 december 2011 retrieved 9 november 2011 kulke hermann rothermund dietmar 2016 a history of india routledge pp 100 120 isbn 978 1138961159 narayanan m g s 2013 perumals of kerala thrissur cosmobooks pp 50 60 isbn 978 8188765072 iravatham mahadevan early tamil epigraphy from the earliest times to the sixth century a d lethbridge roper 1893 the golden book of india a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes chiefs nobles and other personages titled or decorated of the indian empire robarts university of toronto london macmillan publications information iee iere proceedings india 16 2 83 1978 doi 10 1049 iipi 1978 0023 issn 0018 9146 iqbal b march 1987 successful tourism management by p n eth sterling publishers new delhi 338 pages 1985 tourism management book review 8 1 68 69 doi 10 1016 0261 5177 87 90046 x issn 0261 5177 campbell i c 2001 island kingdom tonga ancient and modern canterbury university press pp 20 30 isbn 978 0908812141 wood a h 1932 history of the kingdom of tonga methodist mission press pp 15 25 shenna...