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ttinghamshire and north derbyshire people culturally identify as northerners for example a study by yougov in 2018 found that a quarter of the inhabitants of the region identified as northerners 26 a new area of the north midlands has been proposed but this has not taken off in bassetlaw the most northern local authority in the east midlands area many of the shared services such as nhs are with south yorkshire not with other midlands areas the television signal comes mainly from the emley moor transmitting station which broadcasts local news from bbc look north and calendar news and its officially designated bbc local radio station in terms of radio coverage is bbc radio sheffield in 2016 bassetlaw district council voted to become part of the sheffield city region because of the strong local ties 27 food and cuisine edit the area is known historically for its food examples of which include red leicester the lincolnshire sausage the melton mowbray pork pie stilton the bakewell pudding and the bramley apple the arts edit lord byron and d h lawrence are perhaps the region s best known authors although the latter only gained full recognition in the late 20th century the key words reading scheme peter and jane was first produced in 1964 by ladybird of loughborough and is still in print the books originated in 1948 with an idea from douglas keen of heanor the first was british birds and their nests ladybird books were published in loughborough throughout their 1960s and 1970s heyday with the site closing in 1998 joseph wright of derby was an artist whose paintings symbolised the struggle between science and religious values in the age of enlightenment he was also suggested to be the first professional painter to express the spirit of the industrial revolution charles frederick worth born in lincolnshire in 1825 is considered to be the founder of parisian haute couture ostensibly as the world s first true fashion designer religion edit william booth of nottingham founded the salvation army in 1865 another religious order the pilgrim fathers originated from babworth near retford the quakers also known as the religious society of friends were founded by leicestershire born fenny drayton george fox who had an inspiration whilst living in mansfield in 1647 thomas cranmer from aslockton compiled the church of england book of common prayer industrial heritage edit see also history of photographic lens design the region can claim the world s first factory sir richard arkwright s cromford mill the world s oldest working factory can also be found in the area producing textiles at lea bridge owned by john smedley both sites are part of the region s only world heritage site the derwent valley mills an opportunist employee of the derbyshire textile factories samuel slater of belper saw his chance and illegally eloped in 1789 to rhode island in the us after memorising the layout of the textile machinery while working at jedediah strutt s milford mill he was warmly welcomed by the inhabitants of the newly formed usa so much so that he was later named the father of the american industrial revolution britain s hosiery and knitwear industry was largely based in the region and in the 1980s it had more textile workers than any other british region the stocking frame was invented in 1587 in calverton nottinghamshire by rev william lee these were the first known knitting machines and heralded the industrial revolution by providing the necessary machinery the world s first horse powered cotton mill was built in central nottingham in 1768 marvel s mill in northampton was the first cotton mill to be powered by water john barber of nottinghamshire had invented a simple gas turbine in 1791 when living in nuneaton lincoln was the site of the first tank first built on 8 september 1915 little willie was the first tank and is the oldest surviving tank in the world originally called the no 1 lincoln machine and grantham the first diesel engine in 1892 the jet engine was first developed in the region in lutterworth and whetstone with the vtol engine also initially developed in hucknall the first jet aircraft flew from raf cranwell in may 1941 during the second world war derby was an important strategic location as it was in derby that rolls royce developed and manufactured their iconic merlin aero engine during the second world war all of r r s engineering staff had been transferred to belper the innovative but aborted apt designed in derby seen here in may 1980 derby was home to two railway workshops derby works and derby litchurch lane works initially for the midland railway then the london midland scottish railway and finally british rail british rail research division in derby invented the apt british rail class 370 and maglev the first steel rails were laid in 1857 at derby railway station for the midland railway derby litchurch lane works remains in operation under the ownership of alstom at its peak corby steelworks was the largest in britain the collapsible baby buggy was invented in 1965 at barby northamptonshire by owen maclaren ford s 8 million daventry parts distribution centre ford parts centre was fully opened on 6 september 1972 the first southern section opened in 1968 and was the uk s largest building by floor area for many years at 36 7 acres 149 000 m 2 and is situated opposite the cummins factory how a zoom lens works the principle was largely first invented in leicester the largest camera in the world was built in 1957 in derby for rolls royce which weighed 27 tonnes and was around 8 feet 2 4 m high 8 feet 2 4 m wide and 35 feet 11 m long with a 63 inch 1 600 mm lens made by cooke apochromatic cooke optics and taylor hobson were major supplier of lenses for hollywood star wars was filmed with their lenses filmed in england horace w lee invented the inverted telephoto lens known as the angénieux retrofocus in 1931 lengthening the back focal length of the camera for the 1930s technicolor process and for vignetting arthur warmisham of taylor hobson invented the first non telescopic 35 mm zoom lens the cooke varo 40 120mm lens in a camera manufactured by bell howell of the us the popular 35 mm eyemo film camera came with cooke lenses much of world war ii aerial photography where definition was important was through cooke lenses due to their apochromatic process in the 1950s and 1960s the cooke speed panchro lenses were the most popular choice for cinema films then from the 1970s their varotal zoom lens which would win gordon henry cook the 1988 gordon e sawyer award at the oscars harold hopkins physicist of leicester also did important work on the zoom lens he largely invented it and fibre optics j p knight of nottingham is credited with inventing green and red traffic lights installed in london on 9 december 1868 but these lasted only three weeks traffic lights would be introduced only from the 1920s again in london from an american led design scheme the first modern day traffic lights were installed in piccadilly from august 1926 edgar purnell hooley a nottinghamshire surveyor in 1901 was in denby and found a stretch of road surface that was smooth from an accidental leak of tar over the surface he patented a process of mixing tar with chipped stones in 1902 forming tarmac a name which he patented radcliffe road a6011 in west bridgford in 1902 was the first tarmac road 5 miles or 8 0 kilometres long in the world mettoy was a firm in the st james area of northampton which from 1933 produced corgi toys mostly made in swansea and designed in northampton and in the 1970s it made the space hopper the company collapsed in 1983 moving to swansea in leicestershire was palitoy another world famous firm in coalville general mills bought it in 1968 but production ceased in 1984 and the site was closed by hasbro in 1994 pedigree dolls toys sindy was in wellingborough closing in 1982 the first plastic dvd case was made in corby by amaray britain s first out of town shopping centre was opened in november 1964 by gem at west bridgford on a site later owned by asda much integrated circuit and semiconductor research was carried out by plessey at caswell near towcester ahead of the achievements in america by jack kilby plessey invented a model of the integrated circuit in 1957 caswell was later a site for manufacturing monolithic microwave integrated circuits in the 1990s by marconi on 15 december 1966 the first electronic telephone exchange in europe opened at ambergate in derbyshire torksey railway viaduct built across the trent in 1849 is considered to be the first box girder bridge designed by sir john fowler 1st baronet the tallest freestanding structure in the region is the chimney of west burton power station north nottinghamshire at 200 m 656 ft nottingham combined heating and power scheme is the largest district heating system in the uk centred on the eastcroft incinerator opened in 1973 28 second world war edit see also strategic bombing during world war ii most of the region was protected by a solitary raf station raf digby near sleaford part of no 12 group raf and controlled from raf watnall within the east midlands only nottingham was heavily bombed during the second world war s blitz due to the presence of a large royal ordnance factory however much of the aerial obliteration of germany was directed from the region with two bomber groups based in lincolnshire no 1 and no 5 and a few squadrons in south nottinghamshire the proliferation of second world war airfields in lincolnshire led to it being known as bomber county regional governance edit this article needs to be updated please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information february 2023 the government office region was created in 1994 government funding decisions moved from melton mowbray the east midlands regional assembly to nottingham the east midlands development agency in april 2010 demographics edit 80km 50miles 6 3 2 5 1 4 relative population map total east midlands population wikidata q47994 4 533 222 2011 united kingdom census 2011 wd wikidata page hide show county populations east midlands pop 1 derbyshire 1 056 000 wd 2 leicestershire 1 067 121 wd 3 lincolnshire 755 833 wd 4 northamptonshire 757 181 wd 5 nottinghamshire 1 170 475 wd 6 rutland 41 151 wd population pyramid in 2020 for teenage pregnancy rates in the region nottingham is the top tier authority of the council districts corby has the highest rate of the top tier authorities rutland has the lowest rate for any district in england the council district with the lowest rate is south northamptonshire although it has a rate greater than that of rutland rutland has the highest total fertility rate for british counties top tier authorities the borough of boston has the highest tfr for district councils the region has the second lowest overall population density in england after south west england eased by the low population density of lincolnshire and rutland in 2007 the region had a lower percentage of degree educated people than the english average 29 of the region s population 29 5 per cent live in rural areas ethnicity edit ethnic group 1981 estimations 30 1991 31 2001 32 2011 33 2021 34 number number number number number white total 3 598 625 96 2 3 765 389 95 2 3 900 380 93 48 4 046 356 89 26 4 179 774 85 7 white british 3 807 731 91 26 3 871 146 85 39 3 882 390 79 6 white irish 35 478 0 85 28 676 0 63 27 130 0 6 white gypsy or irish traveller note 1 3 418 4 620 0 1 white roma 7 196 0 1 white other 57 171 1 37 143 116 3 15 258 438 5 3 asian or asian british total 135 257 3 4 181 846 4 35 293 423 6 47 391 103 8 asian or asian british indian 98 859 122 347 2 93 168 928 3 72 229 831 4 7 asian or asian british pakistani 17 407 27 859 0 66 48 940 1 07 71 038 1 5 asian or asian british bangladeshi 4 161 6 928 0 16 13 258 0 29 20 980 0 4 asian or asian british chinese note 2 7 588 12 900 0 3 24 404 0 53 22 973 0 5 asian or asian british other asian 7 242 11 812 0 28 37 893 0 83 46 281 0 9 black or black british total 38 566 1 39 477 0 94 81 484 1 79 129 986 2 6 black or black british african 3 467 9 186 0 22 41 768 0 92 83 161 1 7 black or black british caribbean 24 431 26 671 0 63 28 913 0 63 30 828 0 6 black or black british other black 10 668 3 620 10 803 0 23 15 997 0 3 mixed total 43 148 1 03 86 224 1 9 117 247 2 4 mixed white and black caribbean 20 657 0 49 40 404 0 89 46 400 1 0 mixed white and black african 3 429 8 814 0 19 14 341 0 3 mixed white and asian 11 176 0 26 21 688 0 47 30 803 0 6 mixed other mixed 7 886 0 18 15 318 0 33 25 703 0 5 other total 14 160 0 4 7 345 0 17 25 735 0 56 61 944 1 3 other arab note 1 9 746 0 21 13 360 0 3 other any other ethnic group 14 160 0 4 7 345 0 17 15 989 0 35 48 584 1 0 non white total 140 991 3 8 187 983 4 8 271 816 6 5 486 866 10 7 700 280 14 3 total 3 739 616 100 3 953 372 100 4 172 196 100 4 533 222 100 4 880 054 100 1 2 new category created for the 2011 census in 2001 listed under the chinese or other ethnic group heading religion edit religion in the east midlands religion 2021 35 2011 36 2001 37 number number number christianity 2 214 151 45 4 2 666 172 58 8 3 003 475 72 0 islam 210 766 4 3 140 649 3 1 70 224 1 7 hinduism 120 345 2 5 89 723 2 0 66 710 1 6 sikhism 53 950 1 1 44 335 1 0 33 551 0 8 buddhism 14 521 0 3 12 672 0 3 7 541 0 2 judaism 4 313 0 09 4 254 0 09 4 075 0 1 other religion 24 813 0 5 17 918 0 4 9 863 0 2 no religion 1 950 354 40 0 1 248 056 27 5 664 845 15 9 religion not stated 286 841 5 9 309 443 6 8 311 890 7 5 total population 4 880 054 100 4 533 222 100 4 172 174 100 social deprivation edit the de veres venues east midlands conference centre at the university of nottingham in september 2012 the region as a whole is less deprived than the west midlands and regions in the north of england 38 by measurement of lower layer super output areas the east midlands has more in common with the south of england except london than the north in that it has more areas in the 20 per cent least deprived areas than the 20 per cent most deprived areas but less so than regions in southern england this has been explained by academic statisticians who claim the area straddles the north south divide 39 the region does not show typical economic characteristics of northern england which the west midlands does although it is not as affluent as large parts of the south of england economically the east midlands bears a similarity to south west england in march 2011 the average unemployment claimant count for the region was 3 6 per cent nottingham and leicester were the highest with 5 8 per cent each next were corby and lincoln with 4 9 per cent the lowest were rutland and south northamptonshire with 1 4 per cent each and harborough with 1 6 per cent 40 elections edit general election results in 2017 the east midlands is represented by forty seven members of parliament mps a gain of one after the most recent periodic review at the 2024 g...