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of his father and became involved with the independent faction within parliament especially with henry marten and other radical critics of the monarchy ludlow was a baptist and calvinist predestinarian and his political views were inextricably interlinked with providentialist and apocalyptic religious views 1 ludlow opposed negotiations with charles i and was one of the chief promoters of pride s purge in 1648 he was one of the king s judges and signed the warrant for his execution in february 1649 he was elected a member of the new council of state after having himself been involved in drawing up the terms for its existence around this time he married elizabeth thomas of glamorgan 1 campaign in ireland edit after oliver cromwell returned from ireland in june 1650 he appointed ludlow as lieutenant general of horse and second in command to henry ireton in parliament s campaign there here he spared neither health nor money in the public service he landed in ireland in january 1651 and was involved in the siege of limerick 1650 51 after ireton s death on 26 november 1651 ludlow held the chief command and had practically completed the conquest of the island when he resigned his authority to fleetwood in october 1652 2 most of his campaigning in ireland was against irish guerrillas or tories and much of his operations consisted of hunting small bands and destroying foodstuff and crops ludlow is remembered for what he said of the burren in county clare during counter guerilla operations there in 1651 52 it is a country where there is not enough water to drown a man wood enough to hang one nor earth enough to bury him 3 the protectorate edit though disapproving of cromwell s action in dissolving the rump parliament in april 1653 ludlow maintained his employment however when cromwell was declared lord protector after the failure of barebone s parliament he declined to acknowledge his authority according to his memoirs he believed that cromwell had not appeared that he ever approved on any persons farther than he might make them subservient to his own ambitious designs and that the generality of the people that had engaged with us having acted upon no higher principles than those of civil liberty and that they might be governed by their own consent it could not be just to treat them in another manner upon any pretenses whatsoever 4 on returning to england in october 1655 he was arrested and on refusing to submit to the government was allowed to retire to essex 2 when examined by cromwell he was asked pray then said he what is it that you would have may not every man be as good as he will what can you desire more than you have it were easy said i to tell what we would have what is that i pray said he that which we fought for said i that the nation might be governed by its own consent 5 after oliver cromwell s death ludlow was returned for hindon wiltshire in richard s parliament of 1659 but opposed the continuance of the protectorate he sat in the restored rump parliament and was a member of its council of state and of the committee of safety after its second expulsion and a commissioner for the nomination of officers in the army 1 opposition to the restoration edit the wallingford house party a strong faction in the army who had thus possessed themselves of the supreme power were every day pressed from all parts and especially from the city of london to restore the long parliament as the only means to satisfy the people and to establish an equal and just government amongst us in the way of a commonwealth they were compelled at last to admit the debate of the restitution of the long parliament amongst other propositions that were under their consideration they also restored some officers to their commands who had suffered for their affection to the parliament 6 edmund ludlow was still loyal to henry vane the younger and other long parliament leaders in july 1659 edmond ludlow was appointed commander in chief by the restored rump parliament of all forces in ireland and made lieutenant general of the horse upon ludlow s departure from parliament he pleaded with sir arthur haslerig henry vane the younger mr henry nevil mr scot and major saloway not to put any unnecessary hardships upon those in the army in august 1659 king s party addressed themselves to col lambert through his wife endeavouring to persuade her to solicit her husband to be the instrument of the king s return with large land offers of whatsoever terms he would demand she acquainted the colonel with their propositions but he having resolved to play another part discovered the whole intrigue to henry vane the younger who having communicated it to sir arthur haslerig and knowing there had been some differences between the colonel and sir arthur he persuaded them to renew their former friendship with promises on each part to unit their endeavours in the service of parliament 7 ludlow and lambert were more or less aligned and of the same party similar offers were apparently made to col monk by the king s party at about this time returning to england again in october 1659 he endeavoured to support the original republican cause by reconciling the army to the parliament 2 ludlow failed in these final reconciliation attempts primarily because of the divisions and corruption within the military legal and presbyterian factions each faction feared successful attempt in bringing forth an equally representative republic on anything other than their own terms for example it was difficult for the key leaders of a previously suspended long parliament to take seriously any overtures from an army which had disbanded them without significant concessions to the army s power and good behaviour terms to which the wallingford house and gen lambert s party would not agree although ludlow had the support of henry vane the younger and some other generals these efforts proved abortive since each side had much to lose in any compromise while these futile attempts at reconciliation between the wallingford house party and key members of the long parliament were taking place other matters would soon override all these various factions and encompass all these parties in serious compromise and peril consequently most of the generals of the wallingford house party and the key members of the long parliament who were in favour of the good old cause of a republican commonwealth would lose their lives upon the restoration of king charles ii it was believed by many of this republican faction that george monck was for the restoration of the long parliament they had no idea that king charles ii would be restored by george monck to the throne and were entirely deceived by monck s treachery to the republican cause 8 the attempts at reconciliation between the wallingford house part of the army and parliament failed 9 10 despite ludlow s efforts of bringing these parties together he was accused by some members of the parliament of treason for having conspired with the wallingford house party who to these same members of parliament seemed to be against the restoration of the original republic and only for their own continuance many of the generals and officers of the wallingford house party also considered ludlow as disloyal to their own cause and rights given his devotion to the old commonwealth way in the confusion the parliament recalled his commission and in december as ludlow returned hastily to ireland to suppress a movement in favour of the adverse party in the long parliament he found generals of the corresponding and opposing factions in command of all strategic points and himself almost without supporters he came back to england in january 1660 and was met with an impeachment presented against him by parliament his own republican faction allies had also been largely forced out of power and could not assist him 8 his influence and authority had now disappeared and all chance of regaining them vanished with general john lambert s failure to stop general george monck s army from reaching london in support of the english restoration 1 monck led each party faction republican military and restoration to believe that he had declared for parliament but kept his plans to himself until he had accomplished his purpose on what exactly that meant to him 8 exile after the restoration edit ludlow took his seat in the convention parliament as member for hindon wiltshire but his election was annulled on 18 may after the parliament ruled that all those that had been judges of charles i during his trial should be arrested ludlow was not protected under the pardon indemnity and oblivion act 11 accordingly on the proclamation of the king ordering the regicides to come in ludlow emerged from his concealment and on 20 june surrendered to the speaker but finding that his life was not assured he succeeded in escaping to dieppe france travelled to geneva and lausanne and thence to vevey switzerland on 16 april 1662 the canton of bern granted ludlow and two fellow fugitives lisle and cawley an act of protection allowing them to live in the canton his wife joined him in 1663 for security he adopted the pseudonym of edmund phillips based on a variant of his mother s maiden name 1 after the glorious revolution of 1688 opened up the prospect of a return in 1689 ludlow came back to england he was however remembered only as a regicide and an address from the house of commons was presented to william iii by sir edward seymour requesting the king to issue a proclamation for his arrest ludlow escaped again and returned to vevey where he died in 1692 1 reputation and writings edit a monument raised to ludlow s memory by his widow is in the church of st martin in vevey over the door of the house in which he lived was placed the inscription omne solum forti patria quia patris this is a christianized version of a line by ovid meaning to the brave man every land is a fatherland because god his father made it ludlow married elizabeth daughter of william thomas of wenvoe glamorganshire but left no children 1 during his exile ludlow wrote an autobiography entitled a voyce from the watch tower after his death his manuscript was obtained by slingsby bethel who had visited him in switzerland part of it covering the years 1660 77 was discovered at warwick castle in 1970 and is now in the bodleian library a heavily rewritten and shortened version of a voyce appeared as the memoirs of edmund ludlow in 1698 99 in three volumes the historian blair worden has surmised that the editor was the deist john toland the memoirs were part of a range of late seventeenth century publications printed by john darby including the discourses of algernon sidney and the works of john milton and james harrington in the memoirs ludlow s puritanism is virtually written out and his views changed to make him a whig like secular republican until the 1970s the memoirs were generally assumed to be authentic there were editions in 1720 1722 1751 and 1771 with a scholarly edition by c h firth in 1895 as a result the memoirs have been used until very recently as a major source for historians of the seventeenth century with only the rediscovery of ludlow s original manuscript prompting a reassessment 12 in 1691 1693 four pamphlets were published in ludlow s name like the memoirs after them they were a contribution to the whig cause contemporaries variously attributed them to slingsby bethel john phillips milton s nephew thomas percival and john toland 1 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 firth c h worden blair reviewer may 2006 2004 ludlow edmund 1616 17 1692 oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 17161 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required the first edition of this text is available at wikisource ludlow edmund dictionary of national biography london smith elder co 1885 1900 1 2 3 one or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 ludlow edmund encyclopædia britannica vol 17 11th ed cambridge university press pp 112 113 bbc the flowers of the burren county clare ireland the bbc report goes on to say that he added and yet their cattle are very fat for the grass growing in turfs of earth of two or three foot square that lie between the rocks which are of limestone is very sweet and nourishing similar quote the burren affordeth not a piece of timber sufficient to hang a man water in any one place to drown a man or earth enough in any one part to bury him a similar quote can be found in the journal of thomas dineley 1681 in the national library of ireland extracts from his journal including his account of the clare section of his journey were published in the journal of the royal society of antiquaries 6 1867 these appear in an online in the history and topography of the county of clare by james frost part ii history of thomond chapter 28 barony of burren the memoirs of edmund ludlow lieutenant general of the horse in the army of the commonwealth of england 1625 1672 edited with appendices of letters and illustrative documents by c a firth m a in two volumes v ii p 7 the memoirs of edmund ludlow v ii p 11 the memoirs of edmund ludlow v ii p 74 the memoirs of edmund ludlow v ii p 111 112 1 2 3 the memoirs of edmund ludlow v ii a true narrative of the late proceedings in parliament councell of state general councell of the army and committee of safety answered in two pamphlets by e d a true relation of the state of the case between the ever honorable parliament and the officers of the army and the declaration of the officers of the army opened examined and condemned john raithby ed 1819 statutes of the realm volume 5 1628 80 1819 pp 226 234 charles ii 1660 an act of free and generall pardon indempnity and oblivion xxxiv persons excepted by name who were concerned in the murder of king charles i date accessed 18 february 2008 worden blair 2002 roundhead reputations the english civil war and the passions of posterity penguin books isbn 0 14 100694 3 ch 1 4 external links edit wikisource has the text of the 1885 1900 dictionary of national biography s article about ludlow edmund ludlow edmund 1894 firth c h ed the memoirs of edmund ludlow lieutenant general of the horse in the army of the commonwealth of england 1625 1672 vol 1 oxford clarendon press ludlow edmund 1894 firth c h ed the memoirs of edmund ludlow lieutenant general of the horse in the army of the commonwealth of england 1625 1672 vol 2 oxford clarendon press parliament of england preceded by sir james thynne sir henry ludlow member of parliament for wiltshire 1646 1653 with hon james herbert 1646 1648 succeeded by sir anthony ashley cooper nicholas green thomas eyre preceded by not represented in second protectorate parliament member of parliament for hindon 1659 with edward tooker succeeded by robert reynolds political offices preceded by he...