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ingdom has goals for wind and tidal energy the 2007 white paper on energy set a target that 20 of the uk s energy must come from renewable sources by 2020 the current energy policy of the united kingdom is the responsibility of the department for energy security and net zero desnz after the department for business energy and industrial strategy was split into the department for business and trade and the department for science innovation and technology in 2023 energy markets are regulated by the office of gas and electricity markets ofgem areas of focus for energy policy by the uk government have changed since the electricity act 1989 and the gas act 1986 privatised these utilities the policy focuses of successive uk governments since the full liberalisation of gas and electricity markets in 1998 and 1999 51 have included managing energy prices decarbonisation the rollout of smart meters and improving the energy efficiency of the country s building stock united states edit this section is an excerpt from energy policy of the united states edit the energy policy of the united states is determined by federal state and local entities federal energy policy is principally led by the u s department of energy energy policy intersects closely with decarbonization climate policy and environmental policy energy policy spans issues of decarbonization energy production distribution consumption and modes of use such as building codes mileage standards and commuting policies u s energy policy may be addressed via legislation regulation court decisions public participation and other techniques major federal energy policy acts were passed in 1974 1992 2005 2007 2008 2009 52 2020 2021 and 2022 although energy related policies have appeared in many other bills the most significant recent bills include the biden administration inflation reduction act as well as the bipartisan infrastructure law by country edit energy policies vary by country see tables below v t e energy policy by country australia bangladesh belgium brazil canada china ecuador finland france germany india iran iraq jordan kazakhstan malaysia morocco norway pakistan palestine poland romania russia saudi arabia sri lanka sweden switzerland taiwan tajikistan thailand turkey ukraine united kingdom united states uruguay uzbekistan venezuela vietnam v t e energy by country afghanistan albania algeria angola argentina armenia australia austria azerbaijan bahrain bangladesh belarus belgium belize benin bhutan bolivia bosnia and herzegovina botswana brazil brunei bulgaria burkina faso burundi cambodia cameroon canada cape verde chad chile china colombia croatia cuba cyprus czech republic democratic republic of the congo denmark djibouti egypt el salvador equatorial guinea eritrea estonia ethiopia fiji finland france gabon georgia germany ghana greece guinea guinea bissau guyana haiti honduras hungary iceland india indonesia iran iraq ireland israel italy ivory coast japan jordan kazakhstan kenya kuwait kyrgyzstan laos latvia lebanon lesotho liberia libya liechtenstein lithuania luxembourg madagascar malawi malaysia mali malta mauritania mexico moldova monaco mongolia morocco mozambique myanmar namibia nepal netherlands new zealand nicaragua niger nigeria north korea north macedonia norway oman pakistan palestine papua new guinea paraguay peru philippines poland portugal qatar romania russia rwanda saudi arabia senegal serbia seychelles sierra leone singapore slovakia slovenia somalia south africa south korea spain sri lanka sudan sweden switzerland syria taiwan tajikistan tanzania thailand timor leste tonga trinidad and tobago tunisia turkey turkmenistan uganda ukraine united arab emirates united kingdom united states uruguay uzbekistan venezuela vietnam yemen zambia zimbabwe see also edit energy portal renewable energy portal energy balance energy industry energy security energy supply energy transition environmental policy petroleum politics sustainable energy all pages with titles containing energy policy of references edit 1 2 climate change topics iea archived from the original on 2022 06 03 retrieved 2022 06 04 international energy outlook 2023 u s energy information administration eia eia gov archived from the original on 2025 07 02 retrieved 2025 07 16 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc the complete guide to climate change routledge 2008 11 28 pp 392 403 doi 10 4324 9780203888469 65 isbn 978 0 203 88846 9 retrieved 2025 07 16 sabine schlemmer schulte october 2014 international monetary fund imf max planck encyclopedia of public international law oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 923169 0 retrieved 2025 07 16 results and performance of the world bank group 2023 ieg independent evaluations annual reviews 2023 12 31 doi 10 1596 ieg184584 krebs i artola f j sovinec c r jardin s c bunkers k j hoelzl m ferraro n m 2020 02 01 axisymmetric simulations of vertical displacement events in tokamaks a benchmark of m3d c1 nimrod and jorek physics of plasmas 27 2 022505 arxiv 1908 02387 doi 10 1063 1 5127664 issn 1070 664x farah paolo davide rossi piercarlo december 2 2011 national energy policies and energy security in the context of climate change and global environmental risks a theoretical framework for reconciling domestic and international law through a multiscalar and multilevel approach european energy and environmental law review 2 6 232 244 ssrn 1970698 nudge nudging consumers towards energy efficiency through behavioural science nudge archived from the original on 2022 06 17 retrieved 2022 06 04 armstrong robert c wolfram catherine de jong krijn p gross robert lewis nathan s boardman brenda ragauskas arthur j ehrhardt martinez karen crabtree george ramana m v 2016 01 11 the frontiers of energy nature energy 1 1 15020 doi 10 1038 nenergy 2015 20 issn 2058 7546 osti 1327728 archived from the original on 2025 02 23 retrieved 2026 07 15 hamilton michael s 2014 energy policy analysis a conceptual framework 0 ed 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doi 10 1111 anti 12847 issn 0066 4812 s2cid 248939579 ppa structures and parties involved around the world dla piper corporate ppas dlapiperintelligence com archived from the original on 2022 10 06 retrieved 2022 06 01 nuclear power down in 2012 world nuclear news 20 june 2013 archived from the original on 24 june 2013 retrieved 12 september 2022 the nuclear renaissance world nuclear association august 2011 archived from the original on 2 march 2013 retrieved 9 april 2010 schneider mycle froggatt antony october 2022 the world nuclear industry status report 2022 pdf world nuclear report mycle schneider consulting archived pdf from the original on 7 may 2023 retrieved 15 july 2026 chandler jo 19 march 2011 is this the end of the nuclear revival the sydney morning herald archived from the original on 10 may 2020 retrieved 20 february 2020 belford aubrey 17 march 2011 indonesia to continue plans for nuclear power new york times archived from the original on 10 may 2020 retrieved 25 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