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an missionary had taken everyone else to funafala to work on erecting a church the cyclone destroyed the buildings in fongafale including the church and the trading stores belonging to george westbrook and alfred restieaux despite this rebuilding work instantly began at fongafale 23 24 in 1892 captain edward davis of hms royalist provided a report describing the traders and trading activities he observed on each of the islands he visited davis identified jack o brien as a trader on funafuti 25 and o brien was also reported to be living on the atoll in 1896 26 in 1894 count rudolph festetics de tolna his wife eila née haggin and her daughter blanche haggin visited funafuti aboard the yacht le tolna 27 28 the count spent several days photographing the men and woman of funafuti 29 the population of funafuti during the years 1860 to 1900 is estimated to have been between 280 30 and 300 people 31 the funafuti post office opened around 1911 32 during the pacific war world war ii the ellice islands were used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborne attacks on the gilbert islands kiribati that were occupied by japanese forces 33 the united states marine corps 5th defense battalion landed on funafuti on 2 october 1942 34 35 the operation was kept secret until the japanese discovered it for themselves on 27 march 1943 36 on funafuti the islanders were shifted to the smaller islets to allow the american forces to build an airfield now funafuti international airport along with a 76 bed hospital and the naval base funafuti port facilities on fongafale islet 37 38 in 1972 funafuti lay in the path of cyclone bebe during the 1972 73 south pacific cyclone season bebe was a pre season tropical cyclone that hit the gilbert ellice and fiji island groups 39 the cyclone system was first spotted on 20 october it intensified and grew in size through 22 october at about 4 p m on saturday the 21st sea water bubbled through the coral on the airfield and rose to a height of about 5 feet 1 5 m cyclone bebe continued to ravage the area through sunday 22 october the ellice islands colony s ship moanaraoi which was in the lagoon survived however three tuna boats were wrecked as waves broke over the atoll five people died two adults and a 3 month old child were swept away by waves and two sailors who had been in the wrecked tuna boats drowned 40 the cyclone knocked down 90 of the island s houses and trees the storm surge created a wall of coral rubble along the ocean side of fongafale and funafala that was about 10 miles 16 km long and about 10 to 20 feet 3 0 to 6 1 m thick at the bottom 40 41 42 43 the storm surge also destroyed or contaminated the area s sources of fresh drinking water aerial view of tengako peninsula and fongafale funafuti atoll looking south tengako peninsula funafuti atoll looking south in june 1996 the funafuti conservation area was established along the western rim of the reef encompassing six islets 44 it has an area of 33 square kilometres 13 sq mi containing 20 per cent of the reef area of funafuti the land area of the six islets in the conservation area is 8 ha 20 acres below is a list of the islets in the conservation area in order from north to south with their estimated areas in hectares tepuka vilivili 3 fualopa 2 fuafatu 0 2 vasafua 0 5 fuakea 1 5 tefala 1 21st century edit funafuti stands as both a political and environmental symbol of the challenges faced by small island developing states sids in the modern era since the turn of the 21st century funafuti has been at the forefront of regional and international discourse surrounding climate change sustainable development and geopolitical cooperation 45 46 this period in its history is shaped by mounting environmental pressures efforts at socio political resilience and increasingly vital international partnerships darwin s drill edit the darwin s drill project conducted by the royal society of london in 1896 1897 and 1898 involved drilling boreholes on funafuti to test charles darwin s theory of coral atoll formation 47 48 the expeditions sought evidence of shallow water organisms deep within the coral structure professor sollas led the 1896 expedition and later published a report on the atoll study 49 professor edgeworth david of the university of sydney participated in the 1896 expedition and led the 1897 effort photographers on the expeditions recorded people communities and scenes at funafuti 50 the geological significance of funafuti in testing darwin s theory was recognised in october 2022 when the international union of geological sciences iugs included the atoll in its list of 100 geological heritage sites worldwide 51 ocean side of funafuti atoll showing the storm dunes the highest point on the atoll funafuti the capital atoll of tuvalu has become a focal point for global discussions on climate change and its impacts on low lying island nations with an average elevation of just two metres above sea level funafuti faces existential threats from rising sea levels making it a critical site for understanding the intersection of environmental vulnerability adaptation efforts and international cooperation 52 tuvalu s vulnerability is underscored by projections indicating that by 2050 half of funafuti could be submerged during high tides with up to 95 potentially flooded by 2100 this situation has led to significant environmental challenges including the contamination of freshwater sources and the degradation of agricultural land in response the government has initiated several adaptation projects notably the tuvalu coastal adaptation project tcap which aims to protect vulnerable shorelines and reclaim land to mitigate the effects of sea level rise geography edit islands edit there are at least 29 islets in the funafuti atoll 1 the largest is fongafale followed by funafala at least three of these islets are inhabited fongafale the main island in the east funafala in the south and amatuku in the north amatuku avalau falaoigo fale fatu or falefatu fatato fongafale fuafatu fuagea fualefeke or fualifeke fualopa funafala funamanu luamotu mateika motugie motuloa mulitefala papa elise or funangongo te afuafou te afualiku tefala telele tengako peninsula of the island of fongafale tengasu tepuka tepuka vili vili tutanga vasafua villages edit funafuti lagoon hotel offices of the tuvalu telecommunications corporation the district of funafuti comprises nine villages on six islets with four of the villages located on fongafale many islands only contain one village their populations as of the 2012 census are listed below 3 name population islet village amatuku 128 fongafale alapi 1 029 fakaifou 1 158 senala 1 207 vaiaku 638 lofeagai 627 tekavatoetoe 650 teone 570 funafala 50 lagoon edit the funafuti atoll s lagoon te namo in tuvaluan is 24 5 km 15 1 4 miles long north to south and 17 5 km 10 3 4 miles wide east to west and has an area of 275 km 2 106 sq mi making it by far the largest lagoon in the nation of tuvalu it is about 52 metres 28 fathoms deep in some places but only 6 metres 3 1 4 fathoms deep in other places because it has several submerged rocks and reefs along its bottom some of which are close to the surface the deepest basin is in the northern part of the lagoon the maximum recorded depth is 54 7 metres 29 9 fathoms while the southern part of the lagoon has a very narrow shallow basin 53 the funafuti conservation area is located 15 kilometres 9 3 mi across the lagoon from the main island of fongafale and is accessed by boat landmarks edit tausoa lima falekaupule is the traditional meeting house on funafuti tausoalima means hand of friendship and falekaupule means traditional island meeting hall there is the funafuti lagoon hotel and other guesthouses as well as homes constructed both in the traditional manner out of palm fronds and more recently out of cement blocks the most prominent building on funafuti atoll is the fētu ao lima morning star church of the church of tuvalu other sites of interest are the remains of japanese aircraft that crashed on funafuti during world war ii the airfield was constructed during world war ii by american troops for the pacific theatre after the war it was adapted to serve as the funafuti international airport which serves both as the airstrip for the flights from fiji as well as providing a place for sporting and other recreational activities a street in funafuti a major sporting event is the independence day sports festival held annually at fongafale on 1 october the most important sports event within the country is arguably the tuvalu games which are held yearly since 2008 with teams coming to funafuti from the outer islands to compete in the games 54 football in tuvalu is played at club and national team level the tuvalu national football team trains at the tuvalu sports ground on funafuti and competes in the pacific games and south pacific games the parliament of tuvalu or palamene o tuvalu is located on fongafale together with the offices of the government departments and the government agencies including the tuvalu telecommunications corporation national bank of tuvalu tuvalu philatelic bureau tuvalu meteorological service tuvalu national library and archives and the tuvalu media department that operates radio tuvalu the police service has its headquarters and the jail on fongafale the high court of tuvalu is also located on fongafale the princess margaret hospital the only hospital in tuvalu is located on fongafale the installed pv capacity in funafuti in 2020 was 735 kw compared to 1800 kw of diesel 16 penetration 55 climate edit tuvalu meteorological service station fongafale funafuti has a tropical rainforest climate köppen climate classification af because it experiences frequent cyclones it is not considered to have an equatorial climate it sees an extraordinary amount of rainfall throughout the year and has no dry season the town has no month in which less than 200 millimetres 7 9 in rain falls and an average of about 3 500 millimetres 140 in of precipitation annually as is common in many areas with a tropical rainforest climate the temperature varies little during the year average daily temperatures hover around 28 c 82 f year round when comparing seasonal weathers summer december to february is the wettest season while winter june to august is the driest season autumn march to may is the hottest season and summer is the coldest season however autumn averages are only 0 3 degrees celsius hotter than summer averages climate data for funafuti international airport 1991 2020 normals extremes 1936 2020 month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 33 9 93 0 34 4 93 9 34 4 93 9 34 2 93 6 33 9 93 0 33 9 93 0 33 6 92 5 33 1 91 6 33 5 92 3 34 4 93 9 34 2 93 6 34 2 93 6 34 4 93 9 mean daily maximum c f 31 1 88 0 31 2 88 2 31 3 88 3 31 6 88 9 31 6 88 9 31 4 88 5 31 1 88 0 31 1 88 0 31 4 88 5 31 6 88 9 31 7 89 1 31 6 88 9 31 4 88 5 daily mean c f 28 5 83 3 28 4 83 1 28 6 83 5 28 9 84 0 28 9 84 0 28 8 83 8 28 6 83 5 28 5 83 3 28 7 83 7 28 8 83 8 28 9 84 0 28 7 83 7 28 7 83 7 mean daily minimum c f 25 8 78 4 25 7 78 3 25 8 78 4 26 2 79 2 26 3 79 3 26 3 79 3 26 2 79 2 26 0 78 8 26 1 79 0 26 0 78 8 26 0 78 8 25 9 78 6 26 0 78 8 record low c f 22 0 71 6 22 0 71 6 22 1 71 8 21 4 70 5 20 5 68 9 22 0 71 6 21 0 69 8 17 1 62 8 20 0 68 0 19 9 67 8 21 7 71 1 21 5 70 7 17 1 62 8 average precipitation mm inches 413 8 16 29 351 2 13 83 354 3 13 95 274 9 10 82 241 4 9 50 215 0 8 46 242 9 9 56 254 0 10 00 206 5 8 13 253 6 9 98 256 4 10 09 332 6 13 09 3 396 5 133 72 average precipitation days 1 mm 19 2 18 5 19 3 17 3 17 4 17 0 18 1 18 3 16 2 16 1 16 2 18 9 212 5 average relative humidity 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 82 81 81 80 81 82 mean monthly sunshine hours 179 8 161 0 186 0 201 0 195 3 201 0 195 3 220 1 210 0 232 5 189 0 176 7 2 347 7 mean daily sunshine hours 5 8 5 7 6 0 6 7 6 3 6 7 6 3 7 1 7 0 7 5 6 3 5 7 6 4 source 1 national oceanic and atmospheric administration 56 source 2 deutscher wetterdienst humidity 1961 1990 sun 1978 1990 57 transportation edit funafuti beach 2013 funafuti international airport iata fun icao ngfu is located on fongafale fiji airways the owner of fiji airlines trading as fiji link operates air transport services three times per week on tuesday thursday and saturday between suva and funafuti the flights originate in nadi and use atr 72 600 aircraft which can carry up to 68 passengers fongafale has port facilities and two passenger cargo ships nivaga iii and manu folau which make round trips between fongafale and the outer islands about once every three or four weeks and also travel between suva fiji 58 and funafuti about three or four times a year in 2015 the japanese government donated the nivaga iii to tuvalu to replace the nivaga ii which had served tuvalu since 1989 59 politics edit the funafuti falekaupule is the local council with the kaupule as the executive of the falekaupule 60 on fongafale the funafuti kaupule is responsible for approvals of the construction of houses or extension to an existing buildings on private land and the lands management committee is the responsible authority in relation to lands leased by government 61 funafuti is one of the eight constituencies in tuvalu and elects two members of parliament the 2024 general election in tuvalu resulted in the re election of simon kofe the election of tuafafa latasi and the defeat of incumbent kausea natano 62 63 funafuti constituency results party candidate votes nonpartisan tuafafa latasi 351 31 08 nonpartisan simon kofe 348 30 82 nonpartisan kausea natano 331 29 32 nonpartisan iosua samasoni 53 4 70 nonpartisan luke paeniu 37 0 13 nonpartisan jack mataio taleka 9 0 8 education edit water storage tanks installed at fetuvalu high school four tertiary institutions on funafuti offer technical and vocational courses tuvalu maritime training institute tmti tuvalu atoll science technology training institute tastii australian pacific training coalition aptc and university of the south pacific usp extension centre 64 there are two junior schools the seventh day adventist primary school and nauti primary school which combined have a register of more than 900 pupils this makes it the largest primary school in tuvalu with 45 per cent of the total primary school enrolment 65 the church of tuvalu operates fetuvalu secondary school 66 67 the university of the south pacific usp 68 extension centre on funafuti operates the augmented foundation programme for sixth form students who pass their pacific secondary school certificate pssc so that students have the opportunity to enroll in tertiary education programmes outside of tuvalu the tuvalu maritime training institute tmti is located on the islet of amatuku notable people edit sir toaripi lauti gcmg pc 28 november 1928 25 may 2014 first chief minister of the ellice islands from 2 october 1975 to 1 october 1978 first prime minister of tuvalu from 1 october 1978 to 8 september 1...