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42 9 6 1 30 2 1 0 19 5 6 9 41 3 5 2 mean minimum f c 7 8 22 1 2 7 19 3 9 2 12 7 24 9 3 9 37 6 3 1 50 2 10 1 56 9 13 8 54 8 12 7 40 4 4 7 26 8 2 9 12 6 10 8 1 2 18 4 11 4 24 1 record low f c 30 34 26 32 22 30 9 13 26 3 37 3 47 8 40 4 26 3 7 14 10 23 22 30 30 34 average precipitation inches mm 1 08 27 1 34 34 2 17 55 4 02 102 5 24 133 5 26 134 3 82 97 4 17 106 3 18 81 2 78 71 1 91 49 1 58 40 36 55 928 average snowfall inches cm 9 4 24 10 2 26 4 4 11 1 2 3 0 0 2 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 3 2 7 6 9 7 9 20 36 5 93 average extreme snow depth inches cm 6 9 18 7 4 19 4 2 11 0 8 2 0 0 2 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 76 1 7 4 3 4 9 12 10 3 26 average precipitation days 0 01 in 8 2 8 4 9 5 11 5 12 7 11 7 9 5 9 4 8 2 8 6 7 7 7 8 113 2 average snowy days 0 1 in 6 9 6 3 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 8 5 6 25 3 average relative humidity 71 0 71 3 67 9 63 2 63 0 64 8 67 7 70 0 70 9 66 5 71 0 74 6 68 5 mean monthly sunshine hours 157 7 163 3 206 0 222 2 276 0 312 1 337 8 297 9 239 8 210 0 138 5 129 2 2 690 4 percentage possible sunshine 53 55 56 56 61 69 73 70 64 61 47 45 60 average ultraviolet index 1 2 4 6 8 9 9 8 6 4 2 1 5 source 1 noaa relative humidity and sun 1961 1990 36 37 38 source 2 weather atlas uv 39 water edit iowa annual rainfall in inches mississippi river alluvial plain from sidp bluffs north of kingston iowa as in most of the u s surface water in iowa is never safe to drink untreated contamination by agricultural runoff including nitrates herbicides pesticides and animal waste is common though the clean water act has helped municipal water supplies are typically heavily chlorinated this chlorine combined with high nitrate levels often give municipal water a strong smell and the limestone bedrock in much of the state causes hard water 40 some communities such as iowa city resort to additional carbon filtration and lime softening coagulation sedimentation to make the water more palatable 41 water treatment can be surprisingly effective des moines advanced filtration system has led to water quality ranked among the nation s best 42 jordan aquifer edit the jordan aquifer is the largest source of groundwater extending from northeast iowa to south central iowa and is ultimately the source of much of iowa s agricultural and industrial water in addition to pollution threats the aquifer is threatened by overuse in well source irrigation ethanol production and the diminishment of resupply caused by extensive field tilling the aquifer has dropped by as much as 300 feet since the 19th century resulting in dry wells the disappearance of natural surface springs and the diminishment of water quality 43 44 soils edit the nrcs divides iowa into 23 soil regions in general soils of southern eastern and western iowa are loess derived while soils of northern and central iowa are till derived most level areas of iowa have soils highly suitable for agriculture making iowa one of the most productive farming regions of the world 45 radon edit radon levels in u s showing iowa with some of the highest levels like most upper midwest and plains states radon is a common problem in iowa especially in areas with clay rich soils 46 radon is the highest in the southern and the western parts of iowa paleontology edit devonian fossil gorge edit floods in 1993 washed away all the soil and unconsolidated bedrock along the spillway of the coralville lake dam in johnson county exposing a rich collection of devonian age fossils from species such as ancient hexagonaria corals this area has been transformed into a visitors center where hikers can tour the bedrock unfortunately looters have illegally removed many of the better fossils 47 the june 2008 floods expanded the fossil bed floor and removed some of the weathered overburden 48 dinosaurs edit jurassic and cretaceous bedrock in western iowa have potential to contain dinosaur remains and in nearby parts of nebraska hadrosaurid duck billed ornithopod dinosaur remains have been recovered in cretaceous bedrock similar to that of iowa the deep loess that covers much of western iowa typically conceals the bedrock limiting opportunities to finding dinosaurs to mining and quarrying operations 49 paleofauna edit archaeological and paleontological sites in iowa have produced an extensive collection of pleistocene and holocene animals these have been used to reconstruct past environmental conditions in the midwest 50 some of the earliest paleoclimatic reconstructions of the midcontinent were made from iowa collections such as the cherokee sewer site 51 a pleistocene giant sloth is under excavation along west tarkio creek near shenandoah iowa three individuals of megalonyx jeffersonii or jefferson s ground sloth have been identified so far including one adult and two juveniles of different ages 52 53 notable iowa geologists edit samuel calvin 1840 1911 was iowa s first systematic geologist who helped to make the first bedrock and landform maps of iowa as well as lead geological research throughout the state 54 calvin hall at the university of iowa is named for him clair cameron patterson 1922 1995 developed the lead lead dating and calculated an age for the earth of 4 55 billion years a figure far more accurate than those that existed at the time and one that has remained unchanged for over 50 years charles rollin keyes was also an early iowa geologist who helped map the soils and bedrock of southeast iowa he with calvin was a founder of the iowa geological survey notes edit mean monthly maxima and minima i e the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 official records for des moines kept august 1878 to august 1939 at downtown and at des moines international since september 1939 for more information see threadex references edit prior geology of iowa iowa s earth history shaped by ice wind rivers and ancient seas archived 2009 04 16 at the wayback machine manson earth impact database planetary and space science centre university of new brunswick fredericton retrieved 2022 10 04 iowa s manson impact structure archived 2008 06 16 at the wayback machine vastag brian 18 february 2013 crater found in iowa points to asteroid break up 470 million years ago washington post retrieved 19 february 2013 1 2 geological survey ancient meteorite crater sits below decorah cedar rapids gazette 5 march 2013 retrieved 6 march 2013 us geological survey iowa meteorite crater confirmed retrieved 7 march 2013 iowa department of natural resources geologic mapping for water quality projects in the upper iowa river watershed pdf technical information series no 54 2011 ftp retrieved 19 february 2013 dead ftp link to view documents see help ftp kucks robert p hill patricia l 2005 iowa magnetic and gravity maps and data u s geological survey retrieved 2009 09 03 midcontinent rift system in iowa archived from the original on 2007 05 22 retrieved 2008 06 09 times republican newspaper corydon iowa 19 nov 1968 iowa earthquake information archived from the original on 2009 05 15 retrieved 2017 08 28 iowa archived from the original on 2009 01 09 retrieved 2017 08 28 fickau ethan 3 september 2016 what s the likelihood of feeling another earthquake in iowa kcci des moines cbs retrieved 10 september 2016 iowa coal geology archived from the original on 2008 06 15 retrieved 2008 06 09 oil gas and metallic mineral regulatory information archived from the original on 2008 05 17 retrieved 2008 06 09 sioux quartzite geology archived from the original on 2008 07 23 retrieved 2008 06 20 wayne i anderson iowa s geological past three billion years of change university of iowa press 1998 p 41 isbn 978 0877456391 ia dnr state parks geode state park prior jean c 1991 landforms of iowa university of iowa press iowa city landforms archived from the original on 2009 03 02 retrieved 2008 06 09 see also calvin samuel 1904 outline map of the drift sheets of iowa iowa publication co davenport landforms archived from the original on 2009 03 02 retrieved 2008 06 09 climate iowa temperature climate graph climate table for iowa climate data org en climate data org archived from the original on april 24 2019 retrieved april 6 2020 average annual snowfall totals in iowa current results currentresults com archived from the original on february 21 2020 retrieved april 6 2020 us thunderstorm distribution src noaa gov retrieved february 13 2008 archived october 15 2006 at the wayback machine des moines ia noaa gov archived from the original on august 21 2014 retrieved february 18 2015 2008 iowa tornadoes deadliest since 1968 usa today january 2 2009 archived from the original on october 11 2013 retrieved january 2 2009 keokuk comprehensive plan 2018 pdf report june 2018 archived pdf from the original on february 20 2021 retrieved april 6 2020 munson kyle site of iowa s coldest temp shivers with rest of state usa today archived from the original on february 28 2020 retrieved april 6 2020 average annual precipitation iowa 1961 1990 gif file archived february 13 2010 at the wayback machine christopher daly jenny weisburg average weather for des moines ia temperature and precipitation weather com retrieved jan 7 2009 weather com archived from the original on december 3 2010 retrieved july 31 2010 iowa weather iowa weather forecast iowa climate ustravelweather com archived from the original on january 31 2011 retrieved february 17 2011 monthly averages for davenport iowa weather com archived from the original on october 8 2008 retrieved november 1 2008 average weather for des moines ia temperature and precipitation weather com archived from the original on october 24 2012 retrieved february 18 2012 daily averages for keokuk ia weather com archived from the original on october 24 2012 retrieved february 18 2012 average weather for mason city ia temperature and precipitation weather com archived from the original on october 24 2012 retrieved february 18 2012 average weather for sioux city ia temperature and precipitation weather com archived from the original on october 24 2012 retrieved february 18 2012 nowdata noaa online weather data national oceanic and atmospheric administration retrieved june 26 2021 station des moines intp ap ia u s climate normals 2020 u s monthly climate normals 1991 2020 national oceanic and atmospheric administration retrieved june 26 2021 wmo climate normals for des moines municipal ia 1961 1990 national oceanic and atmospheric administration retrieved june 26 2021 des moines iowa usa monthly weather forecast and climate data weather atlas retrieved july 4 2019 iowa city water quality archived may 17 2008 at the wayback machine housing authority city of iowa city archived from the original on 2009 02 10 retrieved 2008 06 26 drink up from the city tap des moines register 2 july 2008 http www desmoinesregister com apps pbcs dll article aid 20080702 opinion03 807020346 1110 permanent dead link missing on 2018 9 17 love orlan dec 6 2009 heavy use draining aquifer cedar rapids gazette archived from the original on december 9 2009 retrieved 20 december 2009 tecklenburg jeff dec 18 2009 don t take aquifer for granted cedar rapids gazette retrieved 20 december 2009 cite news cs1 maint deprecated archival service link information about soils iowa nrcs extension store pdf flood of 1993 archived june 16 2008 at the wayback machine iowa city press citizen http www press citizen com apps pbcs dll article aid 20080709 news01 807090324 1079 permanent dead link witzke http www igsb uiowa edu browse dinosaurs age_of_dinosaurs_in_iowa htm archived 2008 05 11 at the wayback machine archived copy archived from the original on 2008 05 24 retrieved 2008 06 09 cite web cs1 maint archived copy as title link anderson and semken 1980 the cherokee excavations holocene ecology and human adaptations in northwestern iowa academic press new york https www sciencedaily com releases 2006 06 060626123721 htm http slothcentral com archived 2008 10 08 at the wayback machine semken and brenzel 2007 one sloth becomes three newsletter of the iowa archeological society 57 1 calvin obituary the journal of geology july 1911 pp 385 391 external links edit iowa geological survey http www igsb uiowa edu iowa geographical map server https web archive org web 20080513085937 http cairo gis iastate edu u s geological survey iowa overview https www usgs gov state state asp state ia web soil survey https websoilsurvey nrcs usda gov app websoilsurvey aspx nrcs soil survey https web archive org web 20061113181444 http soils usda gov technical classification osd index html geological society of iowa https web archive org web 20081004055910 http www iowageology org loess hills geology https pubs usgs gov info loess university of iowa geoscience https web archive org web 20080605050513 http www uiowa edu geology iowa geological society annual report https pubs lib uiowa edu igsar iowa geological survey publication on coal https iro uiowa edu esploro search outputs unit 01iowa_inst___2840z2j page 1 institution 01iowa_inst sort date_d samuel calvin geological photographs http digital lib uiowa edu cdm4 index_calvin php cisoroot calvin paleontology repository at the university of iowa calvin geological photographs v t e geology of the united states by political division states alabama alaska arizona arkansas california colorado connecticut delaware florida georgia hawaii idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana nebraska nevada new hampshire new jersey new mexico new york north carolina north dakota ohio oklahoma oregon pennsylvania rhode island south carolina south dakota tennessee texas utah vermont virginia washington west virginia wisconsin wyoming federal district washington d c territories american samoa guam northern mariana islands puerto rico u s virgin islands outlying 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