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led the settlement ter goude or tergou or tergouw nl for short 4 the area originally marshland developed over the course of two centuries timeframe by 1225 a canal was linked to the gouwe and its estuary became a harbour in 1272 floris v count of holland granted the city city rights history edit main article history of gouda south holland city centre of gouda in 1650 by joan blaeu around the year 1100 the area of present day gouda was swampy and covered with a peat forest crossed by small creeks such as the gouwe along the shores of this stream near the current market and city hall peat harvesting began in the 11th and 12th centuries in 1139 the name gouda was first mentioned in a document of the bishop of utrecht in the 13th century the gouwe was connected to the oude rijn old rhine by means of a canal and its mouth at the hollandse ijssel was developed into a harbour castle gouda was built to protect this harbour this shipping route was used for trade between flanders and france with holland and the baltic sea in 1272 floris v count of holland granted city rights to gouda which by then had become an important location city canals dutch grachten were dug and served as transport ways through the town great fires in 1361 and 1438 destroyed the city in 1572 the city was occupied by les gueux dutch rebels against the spanish king who also committed arson and destruction in 1577 the demolition of castle gouda began 1551 marked the founding of the oldest still functioning inn de zalm located on markt 34 near the historic waag building in 1574 1625 1636 and 1673 gouda suffered from deadly plague epidemics of which the last one was the most severe 2995 persons died constituting 20 of its population 5 in the last quarter of the 16th century gouda had serious economic problems it recovered in the first half of the 17th century and even prospered between 1665 and 1672 however its economy collapsed again when the franco dutch war broke out in 1672 and the plague decimated the city in 1673 even affecting the pipe industry after 1700 gouda enjoyed a period of progress and prosperity until 1730 then another recession followed resulting in a long period of decline that lasted well into the 19th century 6 gouda was one of the poorest cities in the netherlands during that period the terms goudaner and beggar were considered synonymous 7 starting in 1830 demolition of the city walls began the last city gate was torn down in 1854 only from the second half of the 19th century onward did gouda start to profit from improved economic conditions new companies such as stearine kaarsenfabriek stearine candle factory and machinale garenspinnerij mechanized yarn spinnery gave impetus to its economy in 1855 the gouda utrecht railway began operations at the beginning of the 20th century large scale development began extending the city beyond its moats first the new neighbourhoods korte akkeren kort haarlem and kadebuurt were built followed by oosterwei nl bloemendaal nl goverwelle nl and westergouwe nl after world war ii from 1940 on back filling of the city moats and city canals the grachten began the nieuwehaven raam naaierstraat and achter de vismarkt however because of protests from city dwellers and revised policies of city planners gouda did not continue back filling moats and city canals now considered historically valuable in 1944 the railway station was damaged during an allied bombardment which killed eight and wounded ten persons this bombardment was intended to destroy the railroad connecting the hague and rotterdam to utrecht after the war the city started to expand and nearly tripled in size new neighbourhoods such as gouda oost bloemendaal and goverwelle were built by the early 2020s there had been a shift from expanding the city towards urban renewal and gentrification demographics edit historical population year pop p a 1382 4 500 1398 5 000 0 66 1477 12 600 1 18 1494 7 200 3 24 1514 7 623 0 29 1560 9 000 0 36 year pop p a 1622 14 627 0 79 1632 13 300 0 95 1665 15 000 0 37 1732 20 000 0 43 1795 11 715 0 85 source lourens lucassen 1997 pp 107 108 economy edit gouda s cheese market gouda is known for its gouda cheese which is still traded on its cheese market held each thursday gouda is also known for the fabrication of candles smoking pipes and stroopwafels gouda used to have a considerable linen industry and several beer breweries gouda cheese is not made in the city itself but rather in the surrounding region it derives its name from being traded in gouda where the city council imposes stringent quality controls the economy of the city centre is based on tourism leisure and retail while offices are located at the outskirts of the city currently there are over 32 000 jobs in the city mainly in commercial and healthcare services attractions edit gouda s 15th century town hall formerly moated 8 old city hall at the markt square built between 1448 and 1450 one of the oldest gothic city halls in the netherlands the waag weigh house built in 1667 across from the old city hall this building was used for weighing goods especially cheese to levy taxes it now is a national monument it currently hosts a small cheese museum grote or st jans kerk great or saint john s church longest church in the netherlands famous for its stained glass windows which were made between 1530 and 1603 considered the most significant stained glass collection in the netherlands 9 even in the 17th century it already was a tourist attraction museum gouda nl 10 museum about the history and arts of the city verzetsmuseum a museum about the dutch resistance during world war ii the collection currently in storage as museum building closed in november 2018 museumhaven gouda 11 small harbour with historic ships goudse schouwburg large theatre waaiersluis waaier locks a historic lock on the hollandse ijssel just east of gouda events edit gouda cheese craft market every thursday from 10 00 13 00h april august according to stichting goudse kaas it attracted 60 000 tourists each year as of 2017 12 gouda ceramics days 13 a yearly two day event of ceramists from the netherlands and several other countries several exhibitions may 29 10 00 17 00h and may 30 10 00 16 00h around the old city hall gouda s monmartre antique curio flea collector s market weekly on wednesdays around the old city hall during summer from june 4 sept 10 2014 gouda water city festival weekend of june 21 2014 gouda by candlelight an annual christmas event held in mid december featuring attractions in the city centre in the evening a christmas tree an annual gift from the sister city of kongsberg is lit in the market place carols are sung by famous dutch singers accompanied by choirs the windows of the old city hall and the surrounding houses are lit by gouda candles music edit warmaster old school death metal band transport edit gouda is served by two railway stations gouda and gouda goverwelle the main railway station is served by intercity services to the hague rotterdam and utrecht and local trains to amsterdam and alphen aan den rijn the city also lies alongside the a12 and a20 motorways twin towns sister cities edit see also list of twin towns and sister cities in the netherlands gouda is twinned with 14 kongsberg norway since 1956 solingen germany since 1957 gouda was also twinned with gloucester in england but this twinning ended in 2015 14 notable people edit portrait of erasmus by holbein 1523 public thinking and public service edit gerard leeu 1445 1493 was a dutch printer of the incunabulum period desiderius erasmus 1466 1536 a dutch philosopher and christian humanist scholar of the northern renaissance 15 cornelius loos 1546 1595 a roman catholic priest theologian and professor of theology cornelis 1565 1599 and frederick 1571 1627 de houtman were dutch brother explorers on the first dutch expedition to the east indies adriaen maertensz block ca 1582 1661 commander and governor of ambon 1614 1617 hieronymus van beverningh 1614 1690 a diplomat amateur botanist and patron of the arts roemer vlacq 1637 1703 a dutch naval captain who blew up his ship to save it from capture hieronymus van alphen 1746 1803 a jurist and wrote poems for children gerard van helden 1848 1901 detective superintendent in the birmingham city police force gerard van leijenhorst 1928 2001 a politician and chemistry teacher in gouda 1955 to 1971 wim deetman born 1945 a politician teacher and municipal councillor in gouda 1974 to 1981 jan oosterhaven born 1945 economist and university professor hans van leeuwen born 1946 an educator engineer inventor researcher and entrepreneur ad melkert born 1956 a dutch politician diplomat and nonprofit director science and business edit leo vroman 1983 adriaan vlacq 1600 1667 a dutch author of mathematical tables and book publisher nicolaas hartsoeker 1656 1725 a mathematician and physicist invented the screw barrel microscope gualtherus johannes cornelis kolff 1826 1881 co founder of g kolff co a publishing company in batavia dutch east indies pieter johannes van rhijn 1886 1960 a dutch astronomer jan schilt 1894 1982 a dutch american astronomer invented the schilt photometer jan gonda 1905 1991 a dutch indologist and academic leo vroman 1915 2014 a dutch american hematologist poet and illustrator peter van mensch born 1947 a dutch scientist in the field of museology peter stas born 1963 a dutch entrepreneur and author ceo of frédérique constant the arts edit cornelis engelsz self portrait 1612 brothers dirk crabeth 1501 1574 wouter crabeth i 1510 1590 dutch renaissance glass painters pieter pourbus ca 1523 1584 a flemish renaissance painter of portraits and religious scenes cornelis ketel 1548 1616 a dutch mannerist painter cornelis engelsz 1575 1650 a dutch golden age painter jacob block 1580 1646 a dutch golden age painter daniël tomberg 1603 1678 a dutch golden age glass painter frederick de wit ca 1630 1706 a cartographer and artist drew printed and sold maps hendrik bary ca 1632 1707 a dutch engraver pieter donker 1635 1668 a dutch golden age painter jan willem van borselen 1825 1892 a dutch landscape painter of the hague school cornelis verwoerd 1913 2000 a dutch delftware painter modeler and ceramist koos de bruin 1941 1992 a dutch painter draftsman sculptor and graphic artist rozalie hirs born 1965 a dutch composer of contemporary classical music and a poet marco de goeij born 1967 composer reconstructed concerto for group and orchestra by jon lord léon de jong born 1982 a dutch politician and singer a former musician and salesman sport edit gillian van den berg 2008 bianca de jong muhren 2005 dick van dijk 1946 1997 football player with 250 club caps harry van der laan born 1964 a retired dutch football striker with over 350 club caps ed de goey born 1966 former goalkeeper with 569 club caps 31 caps with netherlands national football team marcel van vliet born 1970 a dutch truck racer gillian van den berg born 1971 a water polo player team gold medallist at the 2008 summer olympics andrea nuyt born 1974 a retired speed skater competed at the 1998 and 2002 winter olympics ellen hogerwerf born 1989 a rower and team silver medallist at the 2020 summer olympics froukje wegman born 1979 a rower and team bronze medallist at the 2004 summer olympics michel breuer born 1980 a retired dutch footballer with 519 club caps paulien van deutekom 1981 2019 a dutch champion speed skater competed at the 2006 winter olympics bianca de jong muhren born 1986 a dutch chess woman grandmaster wgm mieke cabout born 1986 a water polo player team gold medallist at the 2008 summer olympics ted jan bloemen born 1986 a dutch canadian long track speed skater gold and silver medallist at the 2018 winter olympics lex van haeften born 1987 a dutch professional footballer michael van der mark born 1992 a dutch motorcycle racer christiaan messemaker 1821 1905 a dutch chess master gallery edit town center from the sky with townhall and church de grote of sint janskerk gracht in gouda the waag weigh house street view at the lange tiendeweg with the cheese shop t kaaswinkeltje and t grendeltje windmill molen t slot notes edit kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020 key figures for neighbourhoods 2020 statline in dutch cbs 24 july 2020 retrieved 19 september 2020 postcodetool for 2801jm actueel hoogtebestand nederland in dutch het waterschapshuis archived from the original on 21 september 2013 retrieved 22 july 2013 bevolkingsontwikkeling regio per maand population growth regions per month cbs statline in dutch cbs 1 january 2021 retrieved 2 january 2022 abels p h a m ed 200 duizend jaar gouda een stadsgeschiedenis verzameling bijdragen historische vereniging die goude volume 30 in dutch hilversum uitgeverij verloren p 15 isbn 9789065507174 retrieved 9 november 2023 gouda werd vanouds ter goude genoemd of kortweg tergou deze naam betekent stad aan de goude dat wil zeggen gouwe in het nederlands bleef de naamsvorm ter goude nog tot ver in de vroegmoderne tijd in gebruik cite book isbn date incompatibility help abels pp 302 303 abels pp 364 365 schouten jan 1977 gouda door de eeuwen gouda through the ages repro holland alphen aan de rijn nl pg 156 oclc 63324059 in dutch weigert hans 1961 busch harald lohse bernd eds buildings of europe renaissance europe new york the macmillan company pp xii 114 harten boers henny van the stained glass windows in the sint janskerk at gouda i archived may 26 2007 at the wayback machine museum gouda www museumgouda nl museum harbour welcome to gouda retrieved 2025 01 27 kaasmarkt levendiger goudse post 29 march 2017 p 1 goudse keramiekdagen welcome to gouda retrieved 2025 01 27 1 2 gouda bezoekt zusterstad solingen om banden aan te halen ad nl in dutch ad 2019 02 08 retrieved 2020 01 09 erasmus desiderius encyclopædia britannica vol 9 11th ed 1911 references edit abels p h a m 2002 duizend jaar gouda een stadsgeschiedenis thousand year gouda a history of the city verloren hilversum isbn 90 6550 717 5 in dutch denslagen w f and akkerman chris 2001 gouda rijksdienst voor de monumentenzorg zeist nl isbn 90 400 9515 9 in dutch lourens piet lucassen jan 1997 inwonertallen van nederlandse steden ca 1300 1800 amsterdam neha isbn 9057420082 schouten jan and de wit bob 1960 gouda translated from the dutch by flora van os gammon w van hoeve the hague oclc 1492541 in english further reading edit siegal nina 2024 08 01 can gouda s cheesemakers stall a sinking future the new york times external links edit gouda south holland at wikipedia s sister projects media from commons travel information from wikivoyage official website for the city of gouda in dutch a collection of old pictures and drawings of gouda a journey through the past virtual tour of st johns church sint janskerk gouda chisholm hugh ed 1911 gouda encyclopædia britannica vol 12 11th ed cambridge university press p 280 places adjacent to gouda south holland waddinxveen bodegraven reeuwijk gouda zuidplas krimpenerwaard v t e municipalitie...