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in page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 musical fundamentals toggle musical fundamentals subsection 1 1 intervals 1 1 1 perfect fifths 1 1 1 1 cycle of fifths 1 1 1 2 power chord 1 2 chords in music theory 1 2 1 triads 1 2 1 1 major 1 2 1 1 1 progressions 1 2 1 2 minor 1 2 2 seventh chords major minor chords with dominant function 1 3 twelve bar blues 2 playing chords open strings inversion and note doubling 3 fundamental chords toggle fundamental chords subsection 3 1 standard tuning 3 1 1 power chords fingerings 3 1 2 triads 3 1 2 1 major 3 1 2 2 minor 3 1 2 3 suspended 3 1 3 dominant sevenths drop two 3 1 4 other chord inversions 3 2 alternate tunings 3 2 1 open tunings 3 2 2 regular tunings 4 intermediate chords toggle intermediate chords subsection 4 1 tertian harmonization 4 1 1 more triads diminished and augmented 4 1 2 more sevenths major minor and half diminished 4 1 3 chord progression circle of fifths 4 1 4 chord chart guide for major inversions 4 2 specific tunings 4 2 1 standard tuning minor and major sevenths 4 2 2 major thirds tuning 5 advanced chords and harmony toggle advanced chords and harmony subsection 5 1 sequences of thirds and seconds 5 2 extended chords 5 3 chord guide for major and minor 9 chords 5 4 alternative harmonies 5 4 1 scales and modes 5 4 2 beyond tertian harmony 5 4 2 1 quartal and quintal harmony 6 see also 7 references toggle references subsection 7 1 footnotes 7 2 citations 7 3 bibliography 8 further reading toggle further reading subsection 8 1 berklee college of music toggle the table of contents guitar chord 5 languages deutsch עברית 한국어 simple english tiếng việt edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia set of notes played on a guitar ry cooder plays slide guitar using an open tuning that allows major chords to be played by barring the strings anywhere along their length in music a guitar chord is a set of notes played on a guitar a chord s notes are often played simultaneously but they can be played sequentially in an arpeggio the implementation of guitar chords depends on the guitar tuning most guitars used in popular music have six strings with the standard tuning of the spanish classical guitar namely e a d g b e from the lowest pitched string to the highest in standard tuning the intervals present among adjacent strings are perfect fourths except for the major third g b standard tuning requires four chord shapes for the major triads there are separate chord forms for chords having their root note on the third fourth fifth and sixth strings for a six string guitar in standard tuning it may be necessary to drop or omit one or more tones from the chord this is typically the root or fifth the layout of notes on the fretboard in standard tuning often forces guitarists to permute the tonal order of notes in a chord the playing of conventional chords is simplified by open tunings which are especially popular in folk blues guitar and non spanish classical guitar such as english and russian guitar for example the typical twelve bar blues uses only three chords each of which can be played in every open tuning by fretting six strings with one finger open tunings are used especially for steel guitar and slide guitar open tunings allow one finger chords to be played with greater consonance than do other tunings which use equal temperament at the cost of increasing the dissonance in other chords the playing of 3 to 5 string guitar chords is simplified by the class of alternative tunings called regular tunings in which the musical intervals are the same for each pair of consecutive strings regular tunings include major thirds tuning all fourths and all fifths tunings for each regular tuning chord patterns may be diagonally shifted down the fretboard a property that simplifies beginners learning of chords and that simplifies advanced players improvisation on the other hand in regular tunings 6 string chords in the keys of c g and d are more difficult to play conventionally guitarists double notes in a chord to increase its volume an important technique for players without amplification doubling notes and changing the order of notes also changes the timbre of chords it can make possible a chord which is composed of the all same note on different strings many chords can be played with the same notes in more than one place on the fretboard musical fundamentals edit the theory of guitar chords respects harmonic conventions of western music discussions of basic guitar chords rely on fundamental concepts in music theory the twelve notes of the octave musical intervals chords and chord progressions intervals edit the chromatic circle lists the twelve notes of the octave which differ by exactly one semitone one octave c major scale c major scale one octave played up and down in the c major scale on the piano problems playing this file see media help initial eight harmonics on c namely c c g c e g b c play simultaneously main article interval music see also major scale the octave consists of twelve notes its natural notes constitute the c major scale c d e f g a b and c the intervals between the notes of a chromatic scale are listed in a table in which only the emboldened intervals are discussed in this article s section on fundamental chords those intervals and other seventh intervals are discussed in the section on intermediate chords the unison and octave intervals have perfect consonance octave intervals were popularized by the jazz playing of wes montgomery the perfect fifth interval is highly consonant which means that the successive playing of the two notes from the perfect fifth sounds harmonious a semitone is the distance between two adjacent notes on the chromatic circle which displays the twelve notes of an octave a intervals number of semitones minor major or perfect intervals audio harmoniousness 1 2 0 perfect unison play ⓘ open consonance 1 minor second play ⓘ sharp dissonance 2 major second play ⓘ mild dissonance 3 minor third play ⓘ soft consonance 4 major third play ⓘ soft consonance 5 perfect fourth play ⓘ ambivalence 6 augmented fourth play ⓘ ambiguous 7 perfect fifth play ⓘ open consonance 8 minor sixth play ⓘ soft consonance 9 major sixth play ⓘ soft consonance 10 minor seventh play ⓘ mild dissonance 11 major seventh play ⓘ sharp dissonance 12 octave play ⓘ open consonance as indicated by their having been emboldened in the table a handful of intervals thirds minor and major perfect fifths and minor sevenths are used in the following discussion of fundamental guitar chords as already stated the perfect fifths p5 interval is the most harmonious after the unison and octave intervals an explanation of human perception of harmony relates the mechanics of a vibrating string to the musical acoustics of sound waves using the harmonic analysis of fourier series when a string is struck with a finger or pick plectrum it vibrates according to its harmonic series when an open note c string is struck its harmonic series begins with the terms c c g c e g b c the root note is associated with a sequence of intervals beginning with the unison interval c c the octave interval c c the perfect fifth c g the perfect fourth g c and the major third c e in particular this sequence of intervals contains the thirds of the c major chord c e e g 3 with a note of music one strikes the fundamental and in addition to the root note other notes are generated these are the harmonic series as one fundamental note contains within it other notes in the octave two fundamentals produce a remarkable array of harmonics and the number of possible combinations between all the notes increases phenomenally with a triad affairs stand a good chance of getting severely out of hand robert fripp 4 perfect fifths edit the perfect fifth interval is featured in guitar playing and in sequences of chords the sequence of fifth intervals built on the c major scale is used in the construction of triads which is discussed below b audio playback is not supported in your browser you can download the audio file cycle of fifths edit concatenating the perfect fifths f c c g g d d a a e e b yields the sequence of fifths f c g d a e b this sequence of fifths displays all the notes of the octave c this sequence of fifths shall be used in the discussions of chord progressions below power chord edit the who s peter townshend often used a theatrical windmill strum to play power chords a root fifth and octave main article power chord the perfect fifth interval is called a power chord by guitarists who play them especially in blues and rock music 7 8 the who s guitarist peter townshend performed power chords with a theatrical windmill strum 7 9 power chords are often played with the notes repeated in higher octaves 7 although established the term power chord is inconsistent with the usual definition of a chord in musical theory which requires three or more distinct notes in each chord 7 chords in music theory edit a brief overview c major c e g begins with the major third c e c minor c e g begins with minor third c e major and minor triads contain major third and minor third intervals in different orders the musical theory of chords is reviewed to provide terminology for a discussion of guitar chords three kinds of chords which are emphasized in introductions to guitar playing 10 d are discussed these basic chords arise in chord triples that are conventional in western music triples that are called three chord progressions after each type of chord is introduced its role in three chord progressions is noted intermediate discussions of chords derive both chords and their progressions simultaneously from the harmonization of scales the basic guitar chords can be constructed by stacking thirds that is by concatenating two or three third intervals where all of the lowest notes come from the scale 12 13 triads edit major edit both major and minor chords are examples of musical triads which contain three distinct notes triads are often introduced as an ordered triplet the root the third which is above the root by either a major third for a major chord or a minor third for a minor chord the fifth which is a perfect fifth above the root consequently the fifth is a third above the third either a minor third above a major third or a major third above a minor third 14 15 the major triad has a root a major third and a fifth the major chord s major third interval is replaced by a minor third interval in the minor chord which shall be discussed in the next subsection major chords chord root major third fifth c c e g d d f a e e g b f f a c g g b d a a c e b e b d f for example a c major triad consists of the root third fifth notes c e g the three notes of a major triad have been introduced as an ordered triplet namely root third fifth where the major third is four semitones above the root and where the perfect fifth is seven semitones above the root this type of triad is in closed position triads are quite commonly played in open position for example the c major triad is often played with the third e and fifth g an octave higher respectively sixteen and nineteen semitones above the root another variation of the major triad changes the order of the notes for example the c major triad is often played as c g e where c g is a perfect fifth and e is raised an octave above the perfect third c e alternative orderings of the notes in a triad are discussed below in the discussions of chord inversions and drop 2 chords in popular music a subset of triads is emphasized those with notes from the three major keys c g d which also contain the notes of their relative minor keys am em bm 16 progressions edit stacking the c major scale with thirds creates a chord progression traditionally enumerated with the roman numerals i ii iii iv v vi vii o its major key sub progression c f g i iv v is conventional in popular music in this progression the minor triads ii iii vi appear in the relative minor key am s corresponding chord progression the major chords are highlighted by the three chord theory of chord progressions which describes the three chord song that is archetypal in popular music when played sequentially in any order the chords from a three chord progression sound harmonious good together f the most basic three chord progressions of western harmony have only major chords in each key three chords are designated with the roman numerals of musical notation the tonic i the subdominant iv and the dominant v while the chords of each three chord progression are numbered i iv and v they appear in other orders f 18 basic three chord progressions f 19 key tonic i subdominant iv dominant v c c f g d d g a e e a b g g c d a a d e in the 1950s the i iv v chord progression was used in hound dog elvis presley and in chantilly lace the big bopper 20 major chord progressions are constructed in the harmonization of major scales in triads 21 for example stacking the c major scale with thirds creates a chord progression which is traditionally enumerated with the roman numerals i ii iii iv v vi vii o its sub progression c f g i iv v is used in popular music 22 as already discussed further chords are constructed by stacking additional thirds stacking the dominant major triad with a minor third creates the dominant seventh chord which shall be discussed after minor chords minor edit an a minor scale has the same pitches as the c major scale because the c major and a minor keys are relative major and minor keys a minor chord has the root and the fifth of the corresponding major chord but its first interval is a minor third rather than a major third minor chords chord root minor third perfect fifth c m e c e g d m d f a e m e g b f m e f a c g m e g b d a m a c e b m e b d f minor chords arise in the harmonization of the major scale in thirds which was already discussed the minor chords have the degree positions ii iii and vi minor three chord progressions 18 23 key tonic i sub dominant iv dominant v c m c m f m g7 d m d m g m a7 e m e m a m b7 g m g m c m d7 a m a m d m e7 major and minor keys that share the same key signature are paired as relative minor and relative major keys minor chords arise as the tonic notes of minor keys that share the same key signature with major keys from the major key s i ii iii iv v vi vii o progression the secondary minor triad...