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and gujarat council of ministers legislative assembly and seat of gujarat government located in gandhinagar the capital of gujarat state gujarat is governed by a legislative assembly of 182 members members of the legislative assembly are elected on the basis of adult suffrage from one of 182 constituencies of which 13 are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 for scheduled tribes the term of office for a member of the legislative assembly is five years the legislative assembly elects a speaker who presides over the meetings of the legislature a governor is appointed by the president of india and is to address the state legislature after every general election and the commencement of each year s first session of the legislative assembly the leader of the majority party or coalition in the legislature chief minister or his or her designee acts as the leader of the legislative assembly the governor is the constitutional head of the state while the gujarat council of ministers headed by the chief minister exercises executive authority and functions as the de facto government 135 after the independence of india in 1947 the indian national congress inc ruled the bombay state which included present day gujarat and maharashtra congress continued to govern gujarat after the state s creation in 1960 during and after india s state of emergency of 1975 1977 public support for the inc eroded but it continued to hold government until 1995 with the brief rule of nine months by janata morcha in the 1995 assembly elections the congress lost to the bharatiya janata party bjp led by keshubhai patel who became the chief minister his government lasted only two years the fall of that government was provoked by a split in the bjp led by shankersinh vaghela bjp again won election in 1998 with clear majority in 2001 following the loss of two assembly seats in by elections keshubhai patel resigned and yielded power to narendra modi bjp retained a majority in the 2002 election and narendra modi remained as chief minister on 1 june 2007 narendra modi became the longest serving chief minister of gujarat 136 137 138 bjp retained the power in subsequent elections in 2007 and 2012 and narendra modi continued as the chief minister after narendra modi became the prime minister of india in 2014 anandiben patel became the first female chief minister of the state vijay rupani took over as chief minister and nitin patel as deputy chief minister on 7 august 2016 after anandiben patel resigned earlier on 3 august bhupendrabhai patel became chief minister in september 2021 after the resignation of vijay rupani the incumbent chief secretary of gujarat is raj kumar 139 and director general of police dgp is kln rao 140 gujarat has 34 districts listed below ahmedabad surat bharuch dang navsari tapi valsad narmada vadodara anand chhota udaipur dahod kheda mahisagar panchmahal gandhinagar aravalli banaskantha mehsana patan sabarkantha rajkot jamnagar amreli bhavnagar botad devbhoomi dwarka gir somnath junagadh morbi porbandar surendranagar kachchh vav tharad largest cities or towns in gujarat as of the 2011 census rank name district pop rank name district pop 1 ahmedabad ahmedabad 6 357 693 11 morbi morbi 210 451 2 surat surat 5 935 000 12 anand anand 209 410 3 vadodara vadodara 4 065 771 13 mehsana mehsana 190 753 4 rajkot rajkot 1 390 640 14 surendranagar dudhrej surendranagar 177 851 5 bhavnagar bhavnagar 605 882 15 veraval gir somnath 171 121 6 jamnagar jamnagar 479 920 16 navsari navsari 171 109 7 junagadh junagadh 319 462 17 bharuch bharuch 169 007 8 gandhinagar gandhinagar 292 167 18 vapi valsad 163 630 9 gandhidham kutch 248 705 19 porbandar porbandar 152 760 10 nadiad kheda 225 071 20 bhuj kutch 148 834 for administrative purposes gujarat is structurally divided into districts zilas prants subdivisions talukas and villages primarily to facilitate land revenue administration the state is divided into 34 districts 122 prants 265 talukas and 18 584 revenue villages 141 142 143 there are 17 municipal corporations and 152 municipalities for urban governance and 33 district panchayats 247 taluka panchayats and 16 778 gram panchayats for rural governance elections to these local bodies are held every five years for their members and councils 144 145 146 147 india gujarat districts prant subdivisions municipal corporations mahanagar palika municipalities nagar palika town council nagar panchayat taluka tehsil wards economy main article economy of gujarat mundra port kutch gujarat is the most industrialised state in india and has the highest industrial output when compared to other states in the country 148 it has the highest exports of any indian state accounting for 30 7 of all indian exports in 2024 2025 149 it leads in diverse industrial sectors such as chemicals petrochemicals dairy drugs and pharmaceuticals cement and ceramics gems and jewellery textiles and engineering 150 it has the highest electricity production capacity 151 and maritime port cargo volume 152 among all states in india major agricultural produce of the state includes cotton groundnuts peanuts dates sugar cane milk and milk products industrial products include cement and petrol 153 gujarat is ranked number one in the pharmaceutical industry in india with a 33 share in drug manufacturing and 28 share in drug exports the state has 130 usfda certified drug manufacturing facilities ahmedabad and vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharmaceutical companies established in these cities 154 gujarat has the longest coastline in india 1600 km and its ports both private and public sector handle around 40 of india s ocean cargo with mundra port located in gulf of kutch being the largest port of india by cargo handled 144 million tons due to its favourable location on the westernmost part of india and closeness to global shipping lanes gujarat also contributes around 20 share in india s industrial production and merchandise exports according to a 2009 report on economic freedom by the cato institute gujarat is the most free state in india the second one being tamil nadu 155 reliance industries operates the oil refinery at jamnagar which is the world s largest grass roots refinery at a single location the world s largest shipbreaking yard is in gujarat near bhavnagar at alang india s only liquid chemical port terminal at dahej developed by gujarat chemical port terminal co ltd gujarat has two of the three liquefied natural gas lng terminals in the country dahej and hazira two more lng terminals are proposed at pipavav and mundra citation needed according to most recent data gujarat is considered the fourth richest state in india 156 gujarat has 85 village connectivity with all weather roads 157 nearly 100 of gujarat s 18 000 villages have been connected to the electrical grid for 24 hour power to households and eight hours of power to farms through the jyotigram yojana 158 as of 2015 update gujarat ranks first nationwide in gas based thermal electricity generation with a national market share of over 8 and second nationwide in nuclear electricity generation with national market share of over 1 159 the state registered 12 8 agricultural growth in the last five years against the national average of 2 160 gujarat records highest decadal agricultural growth rate of 10 97 over 20 of the s p cnx 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in gujarat 161 as per rbi report which in year 2006 07 26 of total bank finance in india was in gujarat citation needed according to a 2012 survey report of the chandigarh labour bureau gujarat had the lowest unemployment rate of 1 against the national average of 3 8 162 legatum institute s global prosperity index 2012 recognised gujarat as one of the two highest scoring among all states of india on matters of social capital 163 the state ranks 15th alongside germany in a list of 142 nations worldwide higher than several developed nations 164 infrastructure tallest building in gujarat gift one the tallest tower in gujarat gift one was inaugurated on 10 january 2013 one other tower called gift two has been finished and more towers are planned 165 narendra modi stadium the largest overall stadium in the world by capacity is located in gujarat the sardar vallabhbhai patel sports enclave the largest of its kind in india is under construction in ahmedabad and will help host the 2030 commonwealth games industrial growth gujarat s major cities include ahmedabad surat vadodara rajkot jamnagar and bhavnagar in 2010 forbes list of the world s fastest growing cities included ahmedabad at number 3 after chengdu and chongqing from china 166 167 the state is rich in calcite gypsum manganese lignite bauxite limestone agate feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas jamnagar is the hub for manufacturing brass parts gujarat produces about 98 of india s required amount of soda ash and gives the country about 78 of the national requirement of salt it is one of india s most prosperous states having a per capita gdp significantly above india s average mehsana kalol khambhat and ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production dhuvaran has a thermal power station which uses coal oil and gas also on the gulf of khambhat 50 km 31 mi southeast of bhavnagar is the alang ship recycling yard the world s largest mg motor india manufactures its cars at halol near vadodara the world s least expensive car the tata nano was manufactured in sanand near ahmedabad surat a city by the gulf of khambhat is a hub of the global diamond trade in 2003 92 of the world s diamonds were cut and polished in surat 168 the diamond industry employs 500 000 people in gujarat 169 at an investor s summit entitled vibrant gujarat global investor summit arranged between 11 and 13 january 2015 at mahatma mandir gandhinagar the state government signed 21000 memoranda of understanding for special economic zones worth a total of 2 5 million crores short scale 170 however most of the investment was from domestic industry 171 in the fourth vibrant gujarat global investors summit held at science city ahmedabad in january 2009 there were 600 foreign delegates in all 8668 mous worth 12500 billion were signed estimated to create 2 5 million new job opportunities in the state 172 in 2011 vibrant gujarat global investors summit mous worth 21 trillion us 463 billion were signed gujarat is a state with surplus electricity 173 the kakrapar atomic power station is a nuclear power station run by npcil that lies in the proximity of the city of surat according to the official sources against demand of 40 793 million units during the nine months since april 2010 gujarat produced 43 848 million units gujarat sold surplus power to 12 states rajasthan tamil nadu uttar pradesh maharashtra andhra pradesh delhi haryana karnataka chhattisgarh uttarakhand madhya pradesh and west bengal 174 shown here is the tata nano the world s least expensive car 175 the tata nano was manufactured in sanand gujarat surat is one of the fastest growing cities in the world alang shipbreaking yard energy see also solar power in gujarat astonfield s 11 5 mw solar plant in gujarat as of may 2024 the peak power requirement of state is 25 088 mw 176 as of march 2024 total installed power generation capacity is 52 945 13 mw of this 23 643 41 mw belongs to thermal power generation capacity while 27 461 72 mw 51 87 belongs to renewable energy generation capacity including 1990 mw hydropower the rest 1840 mw is nuclear power generation capacity 177 the renewable energy installed capacity includes 11 823 mw wind power and 14 182 mw solar power totalling 26 005 mw as of june 2024 178 total rooftop solar power installation capacity of state is 3455 90 mw as of april 2024 179 agriculture traditional farming the total geographical area of gujarat is 19 602 400 hectares of which crops take up 10 630 700 hectares verification needed 180 the three main sources of growth in gujarat s agriculture are from cotton production the rapid growth of high value foods such as livestock fruits and vegetables and from wheat production which saw an annual average growth rate of 28 between 2000 and 2008 according to the international food policy research institute 181 other major produce includes bajra groundnut cotton rice maize wheat mustard sesame pigeon pea green gram sugarcane mango banana sapota lime guava tomato potato onion cumin garlic isabgol and fennel whilst in recent times gujarat has seen a high average annual growth of 9 in the agricultural sector the rest of india has an annual growth rate of around 3 this success was lauded by former president of india apj abdul kalam 182 the strengths of gujarat s agricultural success have been attributed to diversified crops and cropping pattern climatic diversity eight climatic zones for agriculture the existence of four agricultural universities in the state which promote research in agricultural efficiency and sustainability 183 co operatives adoption of hi tech agriculture such as tissue culture green houses and shed net houses agriculture export zones strong marketing infrastructure which includes cold storage processing units logistic hubs and consultancy facilities 184 gujarat is the main producer of tobacco cotton and groundnuts in india other major food crops produced are rice wheat jowar bajra maize tur and gram the state has an agricultural economy the total crop area amounts to more than one half of the total land area 185 animal husbandry and dairying have played vital roles in the rural economy of gujarat dairy farming primarily concerned with milk production functions on a co operative basis and has more than a million members gujarat is the largest producer of milk in india the amul milk co operative federation is well known all over india and it is asia s biggest dairy 186 among the livestock raised are buffaloes and other cattle sheep and goats as per the results of livestock census 1997 there were 20 97 million head of livestock in gujarat state in the estimates of the survey of major livestock products during the year 2002 03 gujarat produced 6 09 million tonnes of milk 385 million eggs and 2 71 million kg of wool gujarat also contributes inputs to the textiles oil and soap industries the adoption of cooperatives in gujarat is widely attributed to much of the success in the agricultural sector particularly sugar and dairy cooperatives cooperative farming has been a component of india s strategy for agricultural development since 1951 while the success of these was mixed throughout the country their positive impact on the states of maharashtra and gujarat have been the most significant in 1995 alone the two states had more registered cooperatives than any other region in the country out of these the agricultural cooperatives have received much attention many have focused on subsidies and credit to farmers and rather th...