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riant object web cache system for optimizing the web websocket computer network protocol wireless application protocol deprecated technical standard for data access over a cellular network notes edit in practice these streams are used as multiple tcp ip sub connections to multiplex concurrent requests responses thus greatly reducing the number of real tcp ip connections on server side from 2 8 per client to 1 and allowing many more clients to be served at once since late 1996 some developers of popular http 1 0 browsers and servers specially those who had planned support for http 1 1 too started to deploy as an unofficial extension a sort of keep alive mechanism by using new http headers in order to keep the tcp ip connection open for more than a request response pair and so to speed up the exchange of multiple requests responses 20 references edit 1 2 3 fielding roy t nottingham mark reschke julian june 2022 http semantics report internet engineering task force archived from the original on 2026 04 16 t berners lee r fielding l masinter january 2005 uniform resource identifier uri generic syntax network working group doi 10 17487 rfc3986 std 66 rfc 3986 internet standard 66 obsoletes rfc 2732 2396 and 1808 updated by rfc 6874 7320 and 8820 updates rfc 1738 1 2 3 4 t berners lee r fielding h frystyk may 1996 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 0 network working group doi 10 17487 rfc1945 rfc 1945 informational 1 2 3 4 5 6 r fielding m nottingham j reschke eds june 2022 http 1 1 internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9112 issn 2070 1721 std 99 rfc 9112 internet standard 99 obsoletes rfc 7230 classic http documents w3 org 1998 05 14 archived from the original on 2026 03 11 retrieved 2010 08 01 1 2 3 m thomson c benfield eds june 2022 http 2 internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9113 issn 2070 1721 rfc 9113 proposed standard obsoletes rfc 8740 7540 usage statistics of http 2 for websites w3techs com retrieved 2026 01 21 usage statistics of http 3 for websites january 2026 w3techs com retrieved 2026 01 21 can i use support tables for html5 css3 etc caniuse com retrieved 2024 01 05 s friedl a popov a langley e stephan july 2014 transport layer security tls application layer protocol negotiation extension internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7301 issn 2070 1721 rfc 7301 proposed standard updated by rfc 8447 usage statistics of http 3 for websites w3techs com retrieved 2026 06 18 can i use support tables for html5 css3 etc caniuse com retrieved 2024 01 08 cimpanu catalin 26 september 2019 cloudflare google chrome and firefox add http 3 support zdnet retrieved 27 september 2019 http 3 the past the present and the future the cloudflare blog 2019 09 26 retrieved 2019 10 30 firefox nightly supports http 3 general cloudflare community 2019 11 19 retrieved 2020 01 23 http 3 is fast request metrics retrieved 2022 07 01 usage statistics of default protocol https for websites w3techs com retrieved 2026 07 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r fielding m nottingham j reschke eds june 2022 http semantics internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9110 issn 2070 1721 std 97 rfc 9110 internet standard 97 obsoletes rfc 2818 7230 7231 7232 7233 7235 7538 7615 and 7694 updates rfc 3864 1 2 connections clients and servers rfc 9110 http semantics ietf sec 3 3 doi 10 17487 rfc9110 rfc 9110 1 2 david gourley brian totty marjorie sayer anshu aggarwal sailu reddy 2002 http the definitive guide excerpt of chapter persistent connections o reilly media inc isbn 978 1 56592 509 0 retrieved 2021 10 18 lee wei bin chen hsing bai chang shun shyan chen tzung her 2019 01 25 secure and efficient protection for http cookies with self verification international journal of communication systems 32 2 e3857 doi 10 1002 dac 3857 s2cid 59524143 canavan john 2001 fundamentals of networking security norwood ma artech house pp 82 83 isbn 978 1 58053 176 4 zalewski michal browser security handbook retrieved 30 april 2015 cite web cs1 maint url status link chromium issue 4527 implement rfc 2817 upgrading to tls within http 1 1 retrieved 30 april 2015 mozilla bug 276813 rfe support rfc 2817 tls upgrade for http 1 1 retrieved 30 april 2015 http 2 ietf june 2022 doi 10 17487 rfc9113 rfc 9113 peon r ruellan h may 2015 hpack header compression for http 2 ietf doi 10 17487 rfc7541 rfc 7541 methods overview http semantics ietf june 2022 sec 9 1 doi 10 17487 rfc9110 rfc 9110 field names http semantics ietf june 2022 sec 5 1 doi 10 17487 rfc9110 rfc 9110 core apache http server httpd apache org archived from the original on 2012 05 09 retrieved 2012 03 13 field parsing hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 message syntax and routing ietf june 2014 sec 3 2 4 doi 10 17487 rfc7230 rfc 7230 message format rfc 9112 http 1 1 ietf sec 2 1 doi 10 17487 rfc9112 rfc 9112 apache week http 1 1 archived from the original on 2021 06 02 retrieved 2021 05 03 090502 apacheweek com 1 2 3 r fielding j gettys j mogul h frystyk l masinter p leach t berners lee august 1999 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 network working group doi 10 17487 rfc2616 rfc 2616 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 7230 7231 7232 7233 7234 and 7235 obsoletes rfc 2068 updated by rfc 2817 5785 6266 and 6585 jacobs ian 2004 uris addressability and the use of http get and post technical architecture group finding w3c retrieved 26 september 2010 vulnerability note vu 150227 http proxy default configurations allow arbitrary tcp connections us cert 2002 05 17 retrieved 2007 05 10 l dusseault j snell march 2010 patch method for http internet research task force doi 10 17487 rfc5789 issn 2070 1721 rfc 5789 proposed standard j reschke j m snell m bishop june 2026 the http query method internet research task force doi 10 17487 rfc10008 issn 2070 1721 rfc 10008 proposed standard ediger brad 2007 12 21 advanced rails building industrial strength web apps in record time o reilly media inc p 188 isbn 978 0 596 51972 8 a common mistake is to use get for an action that updates a resource this problem came into the rails public eye in 2005 when the google web accelerator was released cantrell christian 2005 06 01 what have we learned from the google web accelerator adobe blogs adobe archived from the original on 2017 08 19 retrieved 2018 11 19 luotonen ari franks john february 22 1996 byte range retrieval extension to http ietf i d draft ietf http range retrieval 00 1 2 3 4 tim berner lee 1991 01 01 the original http as defined in 1991 www w3 org world wide web consortium retrieved 2010 07 24 1 2 tim berner lee 1992 basic http as defined in 1992 www w3 org world wide web consortium retrieved 2021 10 19 invention of the web web history who invented the web tim berners lee robert cailliau cern first web server livinginternet retrieved 2021 08 11 berners lee tim 1990 10 02 daemon c tcp ip based server for hypertext www w3 org retrieved 2021 08 11 berners lee tim hypertext transfer protocol world wide web consortium retrieved 31 august 2010 raggett dave dave raggett s bio world wide web consortium retrieved 11 june 2010 raggett dave berners lee tim hypertext transfer protocol working group world wide web consortium retrieved 29 september 2010 raggett dave http wg plans world wide web consortium retrieved 29 september 2010 http 1 1 compliant browsers webcom com archived from the original on 1998 02 04 retrieved 2009 05 29 r fielding j gettys j mogul h frystyk t berners lee january 1997 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 network working group doi 10 17487 rfc2068 rfc 2068 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 2616 http ng working group www w3 org world wide web consortium 1997 retrieved 2021 10 19 web administrator 2007 http working group httpwg org ietf retrieved 2021 10 19 web administrator 2007 http working group charter httpbis datatracker ietf org ietf retrieved 2021 10 19 spdy an experimental protocol for a faster web dev chromium org google 2009 11 01 retrieved 2021 10 19 rechartering httpbis ietf http wg 2012 01 24 retrieved 2021 10 19 iesg secretary 2012 03 19 wg action recharter hypertext transfer protocol bis httpbis ietf http wg retrieved 2021 10 19 ilya grigorik surma 2019 09 03 high performance browser networking introduction to http 2 developers google com google inc retrieved 2021 10 19 m belshe r peon may 2015 m thomson ed hypertext transfer protocol version 2 http 2 internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7540 issn 2070 1721 rfc 7540 proposed standard updated by rfc 8740 1 2 r fielding j reschke eds june 2014 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 message syntax and routing internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7230 rfc 7230 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 9110 and 9112 updated by rfc 8615 obsoletes rfc 2145 and 2616 updates rfc 2817 and 2818 r fielding j reschke eds june 2014 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 semantics and content internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7231 rfc 7231 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 9110 obsoletes rfc 2616 updates rfc 2817 r fielding j reschke eds june 2014 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 conditional requests internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7232 rfc 7232 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 9110 obsoletes rfc 2616 r fielding y lafon j reschke eds june 2014 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 range requests internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7233 rfc 7233 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 9110 obsoletes rfc 2616 r fielding m nottingham j reschke june 2014 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 caching internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7234 rfc 7234 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 9111 obsoletes rfc 2616 r fielding j reschke eds june 2014 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 authentication internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc7235 rfc 7235 obsolete obsoleted by rfc 9110 obsoletes rfc 2617 2616 matt menke 2016 06 30 intent to deprecate and remove http 0 9 support groups google com retrieved 2021 10 15 1 2 m bishop ed june 2022 http 3 internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9114 issn 2070 1721 rfc 9114 proposed standard r fielding m nottingham j reschke june 2022 http caching internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9111 std 98 rfc 9111 internet standard 98 obsoletes rfc 7234 c krasic m bishop june 2022 a frindell ed qpack field compression for http 3 internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9204 issn 2070 1721 rfc 9204 proposed standard 奥 一穂 k oku l pardue june 2022 extensible prioritization scheme for http internet engineering task force doi 10 17487 rfc9218 issn 2070 1721 rfc 9218 proposed standard external links edit wikibooks has a book on the topic of communication networks http protocol wikimedia commons has media related to hypertext transfer protocol official website ietf http working group on github change history for http w3 org retrieved 2010 08 01 a detailed technical history of http design issues for http w3 org retrieved 2010 08 01 design issues by berners lee when he was designing the protocol v t e web browsers features standards protocols features bookmarks extensions privacy mode web standards html v5 css dom javascript webassembly web storage indexeddb webgl webgpu protocols http encryption cookies third party ocsp webrtc websocket active blink based proprietary google chrome arc atlas avast cốc cốc comet comodo ecosia epic huawei maxthon microsoft edge opera mobile puffin qq samsung silk sleipnir srware uc vivaldi whale yandex foss chromium brave dooble falkon otter supermium ungoogled gecko based firefox floorp gnu icecat librewolf midori mullvad slimbrowser seamonkey uses unnamed gecko fork tor waterfox zen goanna based basilisk k meleon pale moon webkit based safari gnome web icab orion multi engine 360 duckduckgo konqueror lunascape netfront qutebrowser other dillo eww flow ladybird links lynx netsurf opera mini w3m discontinued blink based beaker citrio flock redcore rockmelt salamweb sputnik torch gecko based beonex camino classilla conkeror firefox lite galeon ghostzilla icedragon kazehakase kylo lotus microb minimo mozilla suite piratebrowser pogo strata swiftfox tenfourfox timberwolf waterfox classic xb mshtml based internet explorer aol deepnet greenbrowser mediabrowser msn explorer msn program viewer neoplanet netcaptor spacetime zac webkit based arora bolt dolphin fluid google tv iris mercury nokia symbian omniweb opera coast origyn qtweb shiira steel surf uzbl webpositive xombrero other abaco amaya arachne arena blazer cake cm deepfish edge legacy elinks gazelle hotjava ibm home page reader ibm webexplorer ibrowse internet explorer for mac kidzui line mode mosaic msn tv netpositive netscape skweezer skyfire thunderhawk vision winwap worldwideweb list comparison category v t e semantic web background databases hypertext internet ontologies semantics semantic networks world wide web sub topics dataspaces hyperdata linked data rule based systems applications semantic analytics semantic computing semantic mapper semantic matching semantic publishing semantic reasoner semantic search semantic service oriented architecture semantic wiki solid related topics collective intelligence description logic folksonomy geotagging information architecture ixbrl knowledge extraction knowledge management knowledge representation and reasoning library 2 0 digital library digital humanities metadata references topic map web 2 0 web engineering web science trust standards syntax and supporting technologies http iri uri rdf triples rdf xml json ld turtle trig notation3 n triples trix no w3c standard rrid sparql xml semantic html schemas ontologies and rules common logic owl rdfs rule interchange format semantic web rule language shacl semantic annotation coins grddl microdata microformats rdfa sawsdl facebook platform common vocabularies bibframe bibo doap dublin core mods mads foaf schema org sioc skos microformat vocabularies hatom hcalendar hcard h feed hproduct hrecipe hreview v t e uniform resource identifier uri schemes official about acct crid data file ftp geo gopher http https info ldap mailto nfs nntp sip sips tag telnet urn view source ws wss xmpp unofficial coffee ed2k gemini feed finger irc irc6 ircs ldaps magnet rsync ymsgr protocol list v t e web interfaces server side protocols http v2 v3 encryption webdav cgi scgi fcgi ajp wsrp websocket server apis c nsapi c asapi c isapi com asp jakarta servlet container cli owin asp net handler python wsgi python asgi ruby rack javascript jsgi perl psgi portlet container apache modules mod_include mod_jk mod_lisp mod_mono mod_parrot mod_perl mod_php mod_proxy mod_python mod_wsgi mod_ruby phusion passenger topics web service vs web resource woa vs roa open api webhook application server comparison scripting client side browser apis c npapi liveconnect xpconnect c npruntime c ppapi nacl activex bho xbap web apis whatwg audio canvas dom sse video websockets web messaging web storage web worker xmlhttprequest w3c dom events eme file geolocation indexeddb mse svg webassembly webauthn webgpu webrtc webxr khronos webcl webgl others gears 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