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olupté 1904 musée d orsay paris france 31 open window collioure 1905 national gallery of art washington d c portrait of madame matisse the green line 1905 statens museum for kunst copenhagen denmark le bonheur de vivre 1905 6 barnes foundation philadelphia pennsylvania self portrait in a striped t shirt 1906 statens museum for kunst copenhagen denmark the young sailor ii 1906 metropolitan museum of art new york city vase bottle and fruit 1906 hermitage museum st petersburg russia blue nude 1907 baltimore museum of art baltimore maryland madras rouge the red turban 1907 barnes foundation philadelphia pennsylvania exhibited at the 1913 armory show 32 bathers with a turtle 1908 saint louis art museum st louis game of bowls 1908 hermitage museum st petersburg russia la danse first version 1909 museum of modern art new york city la danse second version 1910 hermitage museum st petersburg russia sculpture edit le serf the serf der sklave 1900 1904 bronze sleep 1905 wood exhibition blue rose голубая роза 1907 location unknown nu couché i reclining nude i 1906 07 bronze exhibited at montross gallery new york 1915 figure décorative 1908 bronze the back series bronze left to right the back i 1908 09 the back ii 1913 the back iii 1916 the back iv c 1931 all museum of modern art new york city gertrude stein académie matisse and the cone sisters edit henri matisse 1933 by carl van vechten around april 1906 matisse met pablo picasso who was 11 years his junior 11 the two became lifelong friends as well as rivals and are often compared one key difference between them is that matisse drew and painted from nature while picasso was more inclined to work from imagination the subjects painted most frequently by both artists were women and still lifes with matisse more likely to place his figures in fully realised interiors matisse and picasso were first brought together at the paris salon of gertrude stein with her partner alice b toklas during the first decade of the twentieth century the americans in paris gertrude stein her brothers leo stein michael stein and michael s wife sarah were important collectors and supporters of matisse s paintings in addition gertrude stein s two american friends from baltimore the cone sisters claribel and etta became major patrons of matisse and picasso collecting hundreds of their paintings and drawings the cone collection is now exhibited in the baltimore museum of art 33 henri matisse the moroccans 1915 16 oil on canvas 181 3 x 279 4 cm museum of modern art 28 while numerous artists visited the stein salon many of these artists were not represented among the paintings on the walls at 27 rue de fleurus where the works of renoir cézanne matisse and picasso dominated leo and gertrude stein s collection sarah stein s collection particularly emphasised matisse 34 contemporaries of leo and gertrude stein matisse and picasso became part of their social circle and routinely joined the gatherings that took place on saturday evenings at 27 rue de fleurus gertrude attributed the beginnings of the saturday evening salons to matisse remarking more and more frequently people began visiting to see the matisse paintings matisse brought people everybody brought somebody and they came at any time and it began to be a nuisance 35 among pablo picasso s acquaintances who also frequented the saturday evenings were fernande olivier picasso s mistress georges braque andré derain the poets max jacob and guillaume apollinaire marie laurencin apollinaire s mistress and an artist in her own right and henri rousseau 36 his friends organized and financed the académie matisse in paris a private and non commercial school in which matisse instructed young artists it operated from 1907 until 1911 the initiative for the academy came from the steins and the dômiers with the involvement of hans purrmann patrick henry bruce and sarah stein 37 matisse spent seven months in morocco from 1912 to 1913 producing about 24 paintings and numerous drawings his frequent orientalist topics of later paintings such as odalisques can be traced to this period 38 goldfish in aquariums also became a frequently recurring theme in matisse s art following his trip to morocco 39 40 selected works 1910 1917 edit still life with geraniums 1910 pinakothek der moderne munich germany l atelier rouge 1911 the museum of modern art new york city the conversation c 1911 the hermitage st petersburg russia window at tangier 1911 12 the pushkin museum of fine arts moscow goldfish 1912 pushkin museum of fine arts moscow le rifain assis 1912 13 200 160 cm barnes foundation portrait of the artist s wife 1913 hermitage museum saint petersburg la glace sans tain the blue window 1913 museum of modern art woman on a high stool 1914 museum of modern art new york city view of notre dame 1914 museum of modern art french window at collioure 1914 musée national d art moderne paris the yellow curtain 1915 museum of modern art new york studio quad saint michel 1916 the phillips collection auguste pellerin ii 1916 17 musée national d art moderne paris the painter and his model le peintre dans son atelier 1916 17 musée national d art moderne paris portrait de famille the music lesson 1917 oil on canvas 245 1 x 210 8 cm barnes foundation after paris edit white plumes 1919 minneapolis institute of art self portrait 1918 matisse museum le cateau matisse with léonide massine preparing le chant du rossignol the ballet debut occurred on 2 february 1920 at the théâtre national de l opéra in paris massine did the choreography and matisse the sets costumes and curtain designs 41 le chant du rossignol tamara karsavina with dancers costume designs by matisse 1920 odalisque 1920 21 oil on canvas 61 4 x 74 4 cm stedelijk museum in 1917 matisse relocated to cimiez on the french riviera a suburb of the city of nice his work of the decade or so following this relocation shows a relaxation and softening of his approach this return to order is characteristic of much post world war i art and can be compared with the neoclassicism of picasso and stravinsky as well as the return to traditionalism of derain 42 matisse s orientalist odalisque paintings are characteristic of the period while this work was popular some contemporary critics found it shallow and decorative 43 in the late 1920s matisse once again engaged in active collaborations with other artists he worked with not only frenchmen dutch germans and spaniards but also a few americans and recent american immigrants after 1930 a new vigor and bolder simplification appeared in his work american art collector albert c barnes convinced matisse to produce a large mural for the barnes foundation the dance ii which was completed in 1932 the foundation owns several dozen other matisse paintings this move toward simplification and a foreshadowing of the cut out technique is also evident in his painting large reclining nude 1935 matisse worked on this painting for several months and documented the progress with a series of 22 photographs which he sent to etta cone 44 world war ii years edit large odalisque with bayadère breeches lithography 1925 matisse s wife amélie who suspected that he was having an affair with her young russian emigrée companion lydia delectorskaya ended their 41 year marriage in july 1939 dividing their possessions equally between them delectorskaya attempted suicide by shooting herself in the chest remarkably she survived with no serious after effects and returned to matisse and worked with him for the rest of his life running his household paying the bills typing his correspondence keeping meticulous records assisting in the studio and coordinating his business affairs 45 matisse was visiting paris when the nazis invaded france in june 1940 but managed to make his way back to nice his son pierre by then a gallery owner in new york begged him to flee while he could matisse was about to depart for brazil to escape the occupation of france but changed his mind and remained in nice in vichy france in september 1940 he wrote pierre it seemed to me as if i would be deserting if everyone who has any value leaves france what remains of france although he was never a member of the resistance it became a point of pride to the occupied french that one of their most acclaimed artists chose to stay 46 while the nazis occupied france from 1940 to 1944 they were more lenient in their attacks on degenerate art in paris than they were in the german speaking nations under their military dictatorship matisse was allowed to exhibit along with other former fauves and cubists whom hitler had initially claimed to despise although without any jewish artists all of whose works had been purged from all french museums and galleries any french artists exhibiting in france had to sign an oath assuring their aryan status including matisse 47 he also worked as a graphic artist and produced black and white illustrations for several books and over one hundred original lithographs at the mourlot studios in paris citation needed in 1941 matisse was diagnosed with duodenal cancer the surgery while successful resulted in serious complications from which he nearly died 48 being bedridden for three months resulted in his developing a new art form using paper and scissors 49 that same year a nursing student named monique bourgeois responded to an advertisement placed by matisse for a nurse a platonic friendship developed between matisse and bourgeois he discovered that she was an amateur artist and taught her about perspective after bourgeois left the position to join a convent in 1944 matisse sometimes contacted her to request that she model for him bourgeois became a dominican nun in 1946 and matisse painted a chapel in vence a small town he moved to in 1943 in her honor citation needed matisse remained for the most part isolated in southern france throughout the war but his family was intimately involved with the french resistance his son pierre the art dealer in new york helped the jewish and anti nazi french artists he represented to escape occupied france and enter the united states in 1942 pierre held an exhibition in new york artists in exile which was to become legendary matisse s estranged wife amélie was a typist for the french underground and jailed for six months matisse was shocked when he heard that his daughter marguerite who had been active in the résistance during the war was tortured almost to death by the gestapo in a rennes prison and sentenced to the ravensbrück concentration camp in germany 10 marguerite managed to escape from the train to ravensbrück which was halted during an allied air raid she survived in the woods in the chaos of the closing days of the war until rescued by fellow resisters 50 matisse s student rudolf levy was killed in the auschwitz concentration camp in 1944 51 52 final years edit cut outs edit see also jazz henri matisse poster for a matisse exhibition in paris 1953 showing a cut out signed 1952 diagnosed with abdominal cancer in 1941 matisse underwent surgery that left him reliant on a wheelchair and often bed bound painting and sculpture became physical challenges so with the help of his assistants he began creating cut paper collages or decoupage he cut sheets of paper pre painted with gouache by his assistants into shapes of varying colours and sizes and arranged them to form lively compositions the result was a distinct and dimensional complexity an art form that was not quite painting but not quite sculpture 53 54 his initial pieces were modest in size but he eventually developed murals and room sized works he referred to his final years as his second life because while his mobility was limited he could wander through gardens in the form of his cut outs 55 56 although the paper cut out was matisse s major medium in the final decade of his life his first recorded use of the technique was in 1919 during the design of decor for the le chant du rossignol an opera composed by igor stravinsky 54 albert c barnes arranged for cardboard templates to be made of the unusual dimensions of the walls onto which matisse in his studio in nice fixed the composition of painted paper shapes another group of cut outs were made between 1937 and 1938 while matisse was working on the stage sets and costumes for sergei diaghilev s ballets russes however it was only after his operation that bedridden matisse began to develop the cut out technique as its own form rather than its prior utilitarian origin 57 58 cut out 1952 he moved to the hilltop of vence france in 1943 where he produced his first major cut out project for his artist s book titled jazz however these cut outs were conceived as designs for stencil prints to be looked at in the book rather than as independent pictorial works at this point matisse still thought of the cut outs as separate from his principal art form his new understanding of this medium unfolds with the 1946 introduction for jazz after summarizing his career matisse refers to the possibilities the cut out technique offers insisting an artist must never be a prisoner of himself prisoner of a style prisoner of a reputation prisoner of success 57 the number of independently conceived cut outs steadily increased following jazz and eventually led to the creation of mural size works such as oceania the sky and oceania the sea of 1946 under matisse s direction lydia delectorskaya his studio assistant loosely pinned the silhouettes of birds fish and marine vegetation directly onto the walls of the room the two oceania pieces his first cut outs of this scale evoked a trip to tahiti he made years before 59 in may 1954 his cut out the sheaf was exhibited at the salon de mai and met with success 60 the artwork was a commission for american collectors sidney and frances brody and the cut out was then adapted to a ceramic for their house in los angeles it is now located in the los angeles county museum of art 61 chapel and museum edit in 1948 matisse began to prepare designs for the chapelle du rosaire de vence which allowed him to expand this technique within a truly decorative context the experience of designing the chapel windows chasubles and tabernacle door all planned using the cut out method had the effect of consolidating the medium as his primary focus his drawings for the chapel are the subject of an exhibition matisse in vence the stations of the cross march 29 2026 june 28 2026 at the baltimore museum of art finishing his last painting in 1951 and final sculpture the year before matisse utilized the paper cut out as his sole medium for expression up until his death 62 in 1952 matisse established a museum dedicated to his work the matisse museum in le cateau and this museum is now the third largest collection of matisse works in france citation needed according to david rockefeller matisse s final work was the design for a stained glass window installed at the union church of pocantico hills near the rockefeller es...