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s 11 64 billion the added value of cultural wholesale and retail was cn 22 17 billion us 3 30 billion 66 in 2023 there are 655 art groups 149 mass art galleries and cultural centers 148 public libraries 180 museums and memorial halls 108 radio and television stations 5 853 million cable tv users and 27 441 million fiber optic internet broadband users all connected to cable tv the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio is 99 43 and the comprehensive population coverage rate of television is 99 77 there are 137 national intangible cultural heritage protection lists and 410 provincial intangible cultural heritage protection lists 12 078 books 235 periodicals and 44 newspapers have been published with a total print run of 590 million books 80 million periodicals and 500 million newspapers 3 language edit hunan is a region with complex dialects the dialects in the province include xiang southwestern mandarin gan hakka and some local dialects whose identities have not yet been determined such as xiangnan tuhua and waxiang dialect in areas where ethnic minorities live many people can speak their own ethnic language and communicate in chinese yongfeng chili sauce cuisine edit hunanese cuisine is noted for its near ubiquitous use of chili peppers garlic and shallots these ingredients give rise to a distinctive dry and spicy 干辣 gānlà taste 67 with dishes such as smoked cured ham and stir fried spicy beef being prime examples of the flavor 67 music edit huaguxi is a local form of chinese opera that is very popular in hunan province tourism edit located in the south central part of the chinese mainland hunan has long been known for its natural environment it is surrounded by mountains on the east west and south and by the yangtze river on the north for thousands of years the region has been a major center of agriculture growing rice tea and oranges china s first all glass suspension bridge was also opened in hunan in shiniuzhai national geological park 68 wulingyuan is a world heritage site and a 5a scenic area located in south central hunan wulingyuan is noted for its thousands of quartzite sandstone pillars caves and waterfalls the area also contains zhangjiajie national forest park shaoshan county known for being the birthplace of mao zedong yueyang tower on the shores of lake dongting was built in the han and jin dynasties and has existed in its current state since the qing dynasty alongside the pavilion of prince teng and yellow crane tower it is one of the three great towers of jiangnan mount heng in hengyang is one of the five great mountains of china and is home to the largest temple in southern china fenghuang county in xiangxi prefecture has been placed on the unesco world heritage tentative list for its ancient town fenghuang is known for its incorporation of mountain features and water flow into city design and the ancient syncretism between the local han and miao cultures 69 panoramic view of mount heng education and research edit see also list of universities and colleges in hunan as of 2023 hunan hosts 137 institutions of higher education ranking fifth together with sichuan 137 among all chinese provinces after jiangsu 168 henan 168 guangdong 162 and shandong 156 17 70 hunan is also the seat of 12 adult higher education institutions 71 two major cities in hunan changsha and xiangtan were ranked in the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the nature index in 2024 19 there are three national key universities under project 985 hunan university central south university and the national university of defense technology in hunan the third highest after beijing and shanghai hunan normal university in changsha is the key construction university of the national 211 project and xiangtan university in xiangtan is a key university jointly built by hunan province and the ministry of education and a member of national project 111 these five national key universities are included in the double first class construction of hunan province as of 2024 they are ranked among the top 500 globally by the nature index among them hunan university and central south university are in the top 50 72 hunan university and central south university are the only two project 985 universities in changsha hunan to appear in the world s top 200 of the academic ranking of world universities and the u s news world report best global university ranking 73 74 hunan normal university the national university of defense and technology and changsha university of science and technology located in changsha were ranked in the world s top 701 of the academic ranking of world universities 74 hunan agricultural university in changsha the university of south china in hengyang hunan university of technology in zhuzhou and xiangtan university in xiangtan were ranked in the top 801 900 globally by the academic ranking of world universities 75 76 77 78 hunan university of science and technology in xiangtan and central south university of forestry and technology in changsha were ranked number 988 and number 1429 respectively in the 2022 best global universities by the u s news world report best global university ranking 73 79 as of 2023 hunan university of chinese medicine in changsha ranked the best in the central china region and 26th nationwide among chinese medical universities 80 national key public universities edit changsha city edit central south university project 211 project 985 double first class university hunan university project 211 project 985 double first class university hunan normal university project 211 double first class university national university of defense technology project 211 project 985 double first class university xiangtan city edit xiangtan university project 111 double first class university provincial key public universities edit changsha city edit central south university of forestry and technology changsha university of science and technology hunan agricultural university hunan first normal university hunan university of chinese medicine hunan university of technology and commerce hengyang city edit hengyang normal university university of south china jishou city edit jishou university loudi city edit hunan university of humanities science and technology shaoyang city edit shaoyang university xiangtan city edit hunan institute of engineering hunan university of science and technology yueyang city edit hunan institute of science and technology zhuzhou city edit hunan university of technology general undergraduate universities public edit changsha city edit changsha normal university changsha university hunan university of finance and economics hunan police academy hunan women s university hengyang city edit hunan institute of technology xiangtan city edit xiangtan institute of technology yongzhou city edit hunan university of science and engineering chenzhou city edit xiangnan university general undergraduate universities private edit changsha medical university hunan international economics university hunan institute of information technology hunan institute of traffic engineering hunan applied technology university vocational and technical colleges universities edit changsha aeronautical vocational and technical college changsha social work college hunan mass media vocational and technical college changde vocational and technical college transport edit airports edit there are several airports in hunan province including changsha huanghua international airport zhangjiajie hehua international airport changde taohuayuan airport chenzhou beihu airport huaihua zhijiang airport shaoyang wugang airport yongzhou lingling airport and yueyang sanhe airport the busiest airports serve domestic and international flights for hunan including changsha huanghua international airport zhangjiajie hehua international airport and changde taohuayuan airport 15 notably as of 2021 changsha huanghua international airport was one of the 50 busiest airports in the world 81 the 12th busiest civil airport in china the second busiest in south central china after guangzhou baiyun international airport and the busiest in central china 15 railways edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information november 2022 the beijing guangzhou high speed railway passes through hunan sports edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information december 2020 yiyang olympic stadium see also helong sports center stadium professional sports teams in hunan include chinese football association league one hunan billows f c hunan football league teams see also edit major national historical and cultural sites in hunan xiaoxiang the lakes and rivers region of south central china state of chu ancient chinese state partly in modern day hunan hunanese people notes edit the data was collected by the chinese general social survey cgss of 2009 and by the chinese spiritual life survey csls of 2007 reported and assembled by xiuhua wang 2015 55 in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures christian churches and the traditional chinese religion of the lineage i e people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into lineage churches and ancestral shrines data for other religions with a significant presence in china deity cults buddhism taoism folk religious sects islam et al was not reported by wang this may include buddhists confucians deity worshippers taoists members of folk religious sects small minorities of muslims and people not bounded to nor practicing any institutional or diffuse religion references edit doing business in china survey ministry of commerce people s republic of china retrieved 5 august 2013 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link 1 2 communiqué of the seventh national population census no 3 national bureau of statistics of china 11 may 2021 archived from the 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