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iranian plateau wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 geology 2 geography toggle geography subsection 2 1 mountain ranges 2 1 1 northwest iranian ranges 2 1 2 southwest iranian ranges 2 1 3 central iranian plateau 2 1 4 eastern iranian ranges 2 1 5 balochistan 2 2 rivers and plains 3 history 4 archaeology 5 flora 6 fauna 7 economy 8 see also 9 notes 10 references 11 external links toggle the table of contents iranian plateau 66 languages العربية asturianu azərbaycanca تۆرکجه башҡортса беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা bosanski català cebuano čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی võro français galego עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 кыргызча latina lietuvių malagasy македонски മലയാളം монгол नेपाली nederlands norsk bokmål polski پنجابی português русский سنڌي srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenščina српски srpski kiswahili தமிழ் ไทย türkçe татарча tatarça українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 吴语 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia geological feature in asia this article is about the physiographical region for the persian cultural sphere see greater iran iranian plateau persian plateau plateau topographic map of the iranian plateau connected to the armenian highlands and anatolia in the west and to the hindu kush and the himalayas in the east location central asia south asia west asia including part of the south caucasus part of afghanistan azerbaijan iran iraq iraqi kurdistan pakistan khyber pakhtunkhwa baluchistan note 1 and turkmenistan geology eurasian plate area total 3 700 000 km 2 1 400 000 sq mi dimensions length 2 000 km 1 200 mi highest elevation 7 492 m 24 580 ft noshaq the iranian plateau 1 or persian plateau 2 3 is a geological feature spanning parts of central asia south asia west asia and the south caucasus it makes up part of the eurasian plate and is wedged between the arabian plate and the indian plate the plateau is situated between the zagros mountains to the west the caspian sea and the köpet dag to the north the armenian highlands to the northwest the strait of hormuz and the persian gulf to the south the indian subcontinent to the southeast and the hindu kush and sulaiman mountains to the east as a historical region it includes parthia media persis and some of the previous territories of greater iran 4 the zagros form the plateau s western boundary and its eastern slopes may also be included in the term the encyclopædia britannica excludes lowland khuzestan explicitly 5 and characterizes elam as spanning the region from the mesopotamian plain to the iranian plateau 6 stretching from the caspian sea in the northwest to the sulaiman mountains in the southeast the iranian plateau extends nearly 2 000 kilometres 1 200 mi it encompasses the majority of iran all of afghanistan and the parts of pakistan that are situated to the west of the indus river note 2 covering an area of some 3 700 000 square kilometres 1 400 000 sq mi in spite of being called a plateau it is far from flat and contains several mountain ranges its highest point is noshaq in the hindu kush at 7 492 metres 24 580 ft and its lowest point is the lut desert to the east of kerman iran at below 300 metres 980 ft geology edit in geology the plateau region of iran primarily formed from the accretionary gondwanan terranes between the turan platform to the north and the zagros fold and thrust belt the suture zone between the northward moving arabian plate and the eurasian continent is the iranian plateau it is a geologically well studied area because of general interest in continental collision zones and because of iran s long history of research in geology particularly in economic geology geography edit caspian sea persian gulf mesopotamia indus hindu kush sabalan urmia alborz kopet dag n zagros s zagros oshtoran kūh zard kūh shir kūh barez hazaran dasht e kavir dasht e lut hamun balochistan taftan bazman sulaiman mountains iran s central plateau basin the country s main watershed is highlighted in aqua the iranian plateau in geology refers to a geographical area north of the great folded mountain belts resulting from the collision of the arabian plate with the eurasian plate in this definition the iranian plateau does not cover southwestern iran the plateau extends from east azerbaijan province in northwestern iran all the way to afghanistan and pakistan west of the indus river it also includes smaller parts of the republic of azerbaijan iraqi kurdistan and turkmenistan the northwestern iranian plateau where the pontic and taurus mountains converge is rugged country with higher elevations a more severe climate and greater precipitation than are found on the anatolian plateau the region is known as the anti taurus and the average elevation of its peaks exceeds 3 000 m 9 800 ft mount ararat at 5 137 meters 16 854 ft the highest point in turkey is located in the anti taurus lake van is situated in the mountains at an elevation of 1 567 meters 5 068 ft the headwaters of major rivers arise in the anti leo the east flowing aras river flows into the caspian sea and the south flowing euphrates and tigris join in iraq before flowing into the persian gulf several small streams that flow into the black sea or landlocked lake van also originate in these mountains the indus river begins in the highlands of tibet and flows the length of pakistan almost tracing the eastern edge of the iranian plateau southeast anatolia lies south of the anti taurus mountains it is a region of rolling hills and a broad plateau surface that extends into syria elevations decrease gradually from about 800 meters 2 600 ft in the north to about 500 meters 1 600 ft in the south traditionally wheat and barley are the main crops of the region mountain ranges edit the plateau s mountain ranges can be divided into five major subregions 7 northwest iranian ranges edit alborz damavand 5 610 m 18 410 ft southwest iranian ranges edit zagros dena 4 409 m 14 465 ft central iranian plateau edit kūh e hazār 4 500 m 14 800 ft kuh e jebal barez eastern iranian ranges edit kopet dag kuh e siah khvani 3 314 m 10 873 ft 36 17 n 59 3 e 36 283 n 59 050 e 36 283 59 050 eshdeger range 2 920 m 9 580 ft 33 32 n 57 14 e 33 533 n 57 233 e 33 533 57 233 balochistan edit sikaram 4 755 m 15 600 ft 34 2 n 69 54 e 34 033 n 69 900 e 34 033 69 900 kuh e taftan 3 941 m 12 930 ft 28 36 n 61 8 e 28 600 n 61 133 e 28 600 61 133 zargun 3 578 m 11 739 ft 30 16 n 67 18 e 30 267 n 67 300 e 30 267 67 300 rivers and plains edit kavir desert lut desert hamun e jaz murian halil river gavkhouni zayandeh river sistan basin helmand river farah river history edit main articles greater iran and history of iran further information airyanem vaejah the iranian plateau may have played a major role in the expansion of modern humans after the out of africa migration serving as a population hub for common eurasians where they subsequently diverged into ancient east eurasians and ancient west eurasians c 50 000 years ago and from where they expanded in two waves during the initial upper paleolithic c 45kya and upper paleolithic c 38kya periods respectively ancient and modern populations in the iranian plateau have a similar genetic component to the ancient west eurasian lineage which stayed in the population hub wec2 but also display some ancestry from basal eurasians and ancient east eurasians via contact events starting in the paleolithic 8 in the bronze age the civilization of elam stretched across the zagros mountains connecting mesopotamia and the iranian plateau the kingdoms of aratta known from cuneiform sources may have been located in the central iranian plateau in classical antiquity the region was known as persia due to the persian achaemenid dynasty originating in fars the middle persian erān whence modern persian irān began to be used in reference to the state rather than as an ethnic designator from the sasanian era see etymology of iran archaeology edit further information prehistoric archaeological sites in iran archaeological sites and cultures of the iranian plateau include 9 central iranian plateau jiroft culture shahr e sukhteh konar sandal tepe yahya zayandeh river civilization tappeh sialk paleolithic sites niasar sefid ab kaftar khoun qal eh bozi mirak delazian tabas masileh flora edit the plateau has historical oak and poplar forests oak forests are found around shiraz aspen elm ash willow walnut pine and cypress are also found though the latter two are rare as of 1920 poplar was harvested for making doors elm was used for ploughs other trees like acacia cypress and turkestan elm were used for decorative purposes flower wise the plateau can grow lilac jasmine and roses hawthorn and cercis siliquastrum are common which are both used for basket weaving 10 fauna edit the plateau is abundant with wildlife including leopards bears hyenas wild boars ibex gazelles and mouflons these animals are mostly found in the wooded mountains of the plateau the shores of the caspian sea and the persian gulf house aquatic birds such as seagulls ducks and geese deer hedgehogs foxes and 22 species of rodents are found in semidesert and palm squirrels and asiatic black bears live in baluchistan wide variety of amphibians and reptiles such as toads frogs tortoises lizards salamanders racers rat snakes ptyas cat snakes tarbophis fallax and vipers live the baluchistan region and along the slopes of the elburz and zagros mountains 200 varieties of fish live in the persian gulf thirty species of the most important commercial fish sturgeon is found in the caspian sea 11 12 13 economy edit the iranian plateau harvests trees for making doors ploughs and baskets fruit is grown also pears apples apricots quince plums nectarines cherries mulberries and peaches were commonly seen in the 20th century almonds and pistachios are common in warmer areas dates oranges grapes melon and limes are also grown other edibles include potatoes and cauliflower other vegetables include cabbage tomatoes artichokes cucumbers spinach radishes lettuce and eggplants 10 the plateau also produces wheat barley millet beans opium cotton lucerne and tobacco the barley is fed mainly to horses sesame is grown and made into sesame oil mushrooms and manna were also seen in the plateau area as of 1980 caraway is grown in the kerman province 10 see also edit biosphere reserves of iran geography of iran list of iranian four thousanders notes edit geographically the iranian plateau only covers western pakistan balochistan khyber pakhtunkhwa as it is situated right on the edge of the eurasian plate reaching the indian plate it does not cover eastern pakistan punjab sindh and azad jammu and kashmir which is situated on the indian plate thus bringing it under the indian subcontinent balochistan and khyber pakhtunkhwa references edit the iranian plateau from paleolithic times to the rise of the achaemenid empire robert h dyson 2 june 1968 the archaeological evidence of the second millennium b c on the persian plateau cambridge university press isbn 0 521 07098 8 james bell 1832 a system of geography popular and scientific archibald fullarton pp 7 284 287 288 old iranian online archived 24 september 2018 at the wayback machine university of texas college of liberal arts retrieved 10 february 2007 ancient iran encyclopædia britannica 19 july 2024 elamite language encyclopædia britannica iranian plateau peakbagger com vallini leonardo zampieri carlo shoaee mohamed javad bortolini eugenio marciani giulia aneli serena pievani telmo benazzi stefano barausse alberto mezzavilla massimo petraglia michael d pagani luca 25 march 2024 the persian plateau served as hub for homo sapiens after the main out of africa dispersal nature communications 15 1 1882 bibcode 2024natco 15 1882v doi 10 1038 s41467 024 46161 7 issn 2041 1723 pmc 10963722 pmid 38528002 y majidzadeh sialk iii and the pottery sequence at tepe ghabristan the coherence of the cultures of the central iranian plateau iran 19 1981 141 46 1 2 3 sykes percy 1921 a history of persia london macmillan and company pp 75 76 iran plant and animal life encyclopædia britannica zarubezhnaia aziia fizicheskaia geografiia moscow 1956 petrov m p iran fiziko geograficheskii ocherk moscow 1955 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to iranian plateau iranian plateau peakbagger com central iranian plateau peakbagger com v t e mountain ranges of the iranian plateau and their political geography aladagh mountains iran turkmenistan alborz mountains azerbaijan iran hindu kush mountains afghanistan pakistan sulaiman mountains afghanistan pakistan taurus mountains syria turkey zagros mountains armenia iran iraq turkey authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title iranian_plateau oldid 1378709629 categories iranian plateau plateaus of asia landforms of central asia landforms of south asia plateaus of iran geography of kurdistan geography of the middle east landforms of afghanistan landforms of azerbaijan landforms of turkmenistan physiographic provinces regions of asia plateaus of pakistan hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from december 2024 use oxford spelling from june 2022 all wikipedia articles written in british english with oxford spelling webarchive template wayback links pages using gadget wikiminiatlas commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 5 october 2026 at 20 23 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents iranian plateau 66 languages add topic