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#languages (45), the (40), and (26), iwaidjan (23), language (17), with (15), northern (15), edit (15), australian (14), are (14), from (13), iwaidja (12), maung (12), family (11), isolates (11), north (11), daly (11), western (11), eastern (11), 1998 (10), tasmanian (10), evans (10), articles (9), english (9), river (9), wikipedia (8), pama (8), nyungan (8), kriol (8), families (7), south (7), arnhem (7), southern (7), new (7), central (7), island (7), other (7), have (6), also (6), aboriginal (6), australia (6), land (6), creole (6), capell (6), text (5), non (5), page (5), containing (5), all (5), talk (5), wurrugu (5), west (5), lower (5), ilgar (5), garig (5), paman (5), spoken (5), toggle (4), contents (4), search (4), about (4), statements (4), 2018 (4), see (4), macro (4), wagiman (4), tiwi (4), malak (4), region (4), gunwinyguan (4), northeastern (4), papuan (4), proto (4), pidgin (4), amurdag (4), warrkbi (4), links (4), 115 (4), has (4), 1942 (4), 1940 (4), people (4), 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port download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia aboriginal language family of australia iwaidjan geographic distribution cobourg peninsula region northern territory linguistic classification arnhem land iwaidjan subdivisions iwaidjic amurdag language codes glottolog iwai1246 iwaidjan languages purple among other non pama nyungan languages grey closeup amurdag is the southern section tan wurrugu the tip of the peninsula green the rest iwaidjic purple on the grey island just offshore is marrgu once thought to be iwaidjan the iwaidjan or yiwaidjan languages are a small family of non pama nyungan australian aboriginal languages spoken in the cobourg peninsula region of western arnhem land in 1997 nicholas evans proposed an arnhem land family that includes the iwaidjan languages though their inclusion is not accepted in bowern 2011 1 the iwaidjan languages edit iwaidjan iwaidjic warrkbi iwaidja garig ilgar manangkari maung amurdag garig and ilgar are two almost identical dialects 2 manangkari may be a dialect of maung 3 dixon 2002 considers warrkbi demonstrated but iwaidjic warrkbi maung and iwaidjan to be speculative he predicts that working out the histories of the languages will be a profound challenge regardless of whether they are a genealogical family or a language area marrgu and wurrugu previously lumped in with iwaidjan have little in common with it and may turn out to be a separate family status edit as of 1998 iwaidja was spoken by about 150 people in the community of minjilang on croker island 4 5 alongside english kunwinjku and maung citation needed maung is primarily spoken in the community of warruwi on goulburn island and it too has about 150 speakers 4 both languages are still being learned by children 4 more recent assessments of the status of iwaidja and maung are that both have around 200 speakers and are spoken daily by a full age range of people 6 all the other iwaidjan languages are close to extinction in 1998 update amurdak had three remaining speakers and garig and ilgar three speakers between them 4 however some of these languages have younger people who while not fluent can aid in translating old recordings in an attempt to archive or revive the language 6 phonology edit the iwaidjan languages have similar phoneme inventories exceptions are noted below the tables vowels edit front back high i u low a in addition to these maung also has e and o mostly in loanwords from kunwinjku and kunbarlang 7 consonants edit peripheral laminal apical bilabial velar palatal alveolar retroflex plosive p k c t ʈ nasal m ŋ ɲ n ɳ approximant w ɰ j ɻ trill r tap ɽ lateral approximant ʎ l ɭ lateral flap ɺ maung lacks the two flapped laterals 7 which are quite unusual among australian languages also unusual is the velar approximant ɰ which is an areal feature shared with tiwi and kunbarlang 8 relationships with other languages edit the vocabularies of all the iwaidjan languages contain loanwords from macassarese and malay 9 both malayo polynesian languages from indonesia iwaidja and maung have also borrowed heavily from kunwijku 9 another australian language of the gunwingguan family while the iwaidjan languages share a number of features with other non pama nyungan language families it is uncertain which they are closest related to citation needed ross has proposed that they form part of an arnhem land family vocabulary edit capell 1940 10 lists the following basic vocabulary items with amarag words from capell 1942 11 the following basic vocabulary terms are collated from capell 1940 10 capell 1942 11 and evans 2000 12 gloss maung iwaidja amarag man arargbi waːrgbi awuɭaɭu woman waramuŋbig woraidjba wuraidbaru head wandji bagal iwulja eye won jaɽ waliwu nose mulu mul wiːl mouth ilagbiridj ɽagbiridj wiiŋara tongue ŋaɽalg garalg wiŋaril stomach gɔːrag galal aɖigu bone ijaɣig gilir igada blood maniŋog maniŋul maniŋul kangaroo aijaŋ jilbuwi malaijuwar opossum wundäru muŋarg waŋguwu emu waramundubu ganguɽg crow gɔragag gumbulag gubula fly molg moɭg mulgulg sun mowan muwar mänjidj moon gorana guɽana gurana fire juŋgu gudjäli gudjäli smoke wuŋain guŋain guŋaṉ water wobaidj wobaidj aɖawud notes edit bowern claire 2011 how many languages were spoken in australia evans 1998 pp 115 144 evans 1998 pp 115 116 1 2 3 4 evans 1998 p 115 iwaidja people culture documentation of endangered languages retrieved 8 july 2021 1 2 iwaidja documentation of endangered languages 2004 retrieved 8 july 2021 1 2 evans 1998 p 118 evans 1998 p 117 1 2 evans 1998 p 116 1 2 capell arthur 1940 the classification of languages in north and north west australia oceania 10 3 241 272 404 433 doi 10 1002 j 1834 4461 1940 tb00292 x 1 2 capell arthur 1941 1942 1942 1943 languages of arnhem land north australia oceania 12 364 392 13 24 51 evans nicholas 1 january 2000 family portrait iwaidjan a very un australian language family linguistic typology 4 1 91 142 doi 10 1515 lity 2000 4 1 91 issn 1613 415x see also edit blake nelson muluriny wightman glenn mitchell lorraine lesley victoria williams 1997 iwaidja ethnobotany aboriginal plant knowledge from gurig national park northern australia parks and wildlife commission of the northern territory wikidata q109466416 references edit wiktionary has a word list at appendix north australian word lists evans nicholas 1998 iwaidja mutation and its origins in anna siewierska jae jung song ed case typology and grammar in honor of barry j blake amsterdam philadelphia john benjamins publishing company pp 115 149 mailhammer robert harvey mark 1 august 2018 a reconstruction of the proto iwaidjan phoneme system australian journal of linguistics 38 3 329 359 doi 10 1080 07268602 2018 1470455 s2cid 70058917 via taylor francis online external links edit examples of the iwaidja language many are text only out of respect for the dead v t e australian aboriginal and tasmanian languages pama nyungan subgroups southeastern victorian p n lower murray yotayotic gippsland kulin bungandidj new south wales p n yuin kuric dhanggati anewan nganyaywana central new south wales wiradhuric barranbinja muruwari north coast durubalic bandjalangic gumbaynggiric waka kabic northern western torres strait kalaw lagaw ya paman northern paman uradhi wik middle paman umpilaic umbindhamuic lamalamic umbuygamu mbarrumbathama southwest paman kuuk thayorre southern paman mbabaram flinders island maric northern warrongo eastern biri southern bidyara gungabula margany gunya bindal guwa yanda guwa yanda kingkel dharumbal bayali lower burdekin dyirbalic dyirbal warrgamay nyawaygi lower burdekin yimidhirr yalanji yidinic guugu yimidihirr kuku yalanji yidiny gulf kalkatungic kalkatungu yalarnnga mayi central arandic thura yura arandic arrernte kaytetye thura yura wirangu kaurna adnyamathanha karnic northern palku pitta pitta western arabana wangkangurru central diyari yandruwandha eastern wilson river wangkumara bulloo river galali yarli paakantyi western yolŋu dhaŋu djaŋu ritharrŋu nhaŋu dhuwal dhuwala djambarrpuyŋu gupapuyŋu djinaŋ djinba ganhalpuyŋu ngarna warluwarric yanyuwa southern ngarru thawa desert nyungic marrngu ngumpin yapa ngumpin yapa warumungu wati south west p n pilbara ngayarda kanyara mantharta kartu nhanda yinggarda mirning nyunga tangkic lardil register damin kayardild yukulta ganggalida nyangga minkin mingginda garrwan garawa garrwa north waanyi wanji south gunindiri kurnindirri southwest macro gunwinyguan maningrida burarra gurr goni ndjébbana nakkara marran marra warndarang yugul alawa mangarrayi gunwinyguan proper western jawoyn djauan waray uwinymil central bininj kunwok kunwinjku gunwinggu kunbarlang dalabon ngalkbun eastern rembarrnga ngalakgan ngandi nunggubuyu wubuy anindilyakwa enindhilyagwa yangmanic wagiman wardaman wagiman other isolates kungarakany koongurrukuñ gaagudju iwaidjan central warrkbi iwaidja garig ilgar garig ilgar eastern goulburn island maung manangkari southern amurdag marrku wurrugu wurrugu marrgu darwin region gulumoerrgin larrakia limilngan wulna limilngan wulna umbugarlic umbugarla ngurmbur bugurnidja daly river sprachbund wagaydyic anson bay batjamalh wadjiginy pungu pungu kandjerramalh giyug northern daly malak malak nguluk wanggar tyerraty western daly marri ngarr magati ke merranunggu marrithiyel marramaninjsji eastern daly matngele werret dakayu kamu southern daly murrinh patha ngan gityemerri mirndi jingulu yirram nungali jaminjung ngurlun ngarnka wambaya jarrakan kija miriwoong gajirrawoong bunuban bunuba gooniyandi worrorran wunambal northern ngarinyin eastern worrorra western nyulnyulan western nyulnyulic nyulnyul bardi jawi djabirr djabirr nimanburru eastern dyukun yawuru djukun warrwa nyigina ngumbarl others language isolates giimbiyu tiwi papuan meriam tasmanian family level groups western northwestern tasmanian peerapper southwestern tasmanian toogee northern northern tasmanian tommeginne port sorell northeastern pyemmairre northeastern tyerrernotepanner north midland lhotsky backhouse norman eastern oyster bay paredarerme little swanport southeast tasmanian nuenonne bruny island new indigenous languages and aboriginal englishes creoles australian kriol roper river kriol ngukurr bamyili kriol barunga kimberley kriol fitzroy valley daly river kriol westside kriol victoria river barkly kriol mornington island creole kowanyama creole northeastern creoles torres strait creole yumplatok cape york creole lockhart river creole napranum creole pidgins port jackson pidgin english broome pearling lugger pidgin south australian pidgin english pidgin ngarluma mixed languages alyawarr english gurindji kriol light warlpiri palawa kani modern tiwi wumpurrarni english tennant creek others neo nyungar nunga english yarrie lingo palm talk woorie talk cherbourg talk murdi language proto languages proto australian proto pama nyungan macro pama nyungan arnhem land italics indicate individual languages v t e primary language families africa afroasiatic austronesian khoe kwadi kxʼa niger congo atlantic congo dogon ijoid katloid kru lafofa mande rashad siamou talodi heiban ubangian nilo saharan berta bʼaga central sudanic daju eastern jebel furan kadu koman gule kresh kuliak kunama nara nilotic nubian nyima maban mimi of decorse saharan songhay surmic taman temein tuu isolates bangime hadza jalaa laal meroitic ongota sandawe shabo eurasia europe and asia afroasiatic ainu austroasiatic austronesian chukotko kamchatkan dravidian digaro eskaleut great andamanese hmong mien hurro urartian indo european japonic kartvelian kho bwa koreanic kra dai mijiic miju mongolic nivkh northeast caucasian northwest caucasian ongan siangic sino tibetan tungusic turkic tyrsenian uralic xiongnu yeniseian yukaghir isolates basque bugun burushaski digaro mishmi elamite eteocretan eteocypriot hattic hruso idu mishmi kenaboi kusunda minoan nihali north picene philistine puroik shompen songlin sumerian tambora vedda zakhring new guinea and the pacific arai samaia austronesian binanderean goilalan border bulaka river central solomons chimbu wahgi demta sentani doso turumsa east geelvink bay east new britain east strickland eleman engan fas foja range gogodala suki hatam mansim kaure kosare kiwaian kutubuan lakes plain lower mamberamo lower sepik madang mairasi mantion meax north bougainville north halmahera pauwasi ramu senagi senu river sepik skou south bougainville teberan pawaian torricelli trans fly trans new guinea turama kikorian upper yuat west bird s head yam yawan yuat northwest papuan papuan gulf west new britain west papuan isolates abinomn abun anêm ata burmeso kol kuot maybrat mpur porome sulka taiap tambora yele australia bunuban eastern daly eastern tasmanian garawan gunwinyguan iwaidjan jarrakan maningrida mirndi northeastern tasmanian northern tasmanian nyulnyulan pama nyungan southern daly tangkic wagaydyic northern daly western daly western tasmanian worrorran arnhem macro gunwinyguan darwin region marrku wurrugu yangmanic wagiman isolates giimbiyu malak malak northern daly tiwi wagiman wardaman gaagudju kungarakany north america algic caddoan chimakuan chinookan chumashan comecrudan coosan eskaleut iroquoian kalapuyan maiduan muskogean na dene palaihnihan plateau penutian pomoan salishan shastan siouan tanoan tsimshianic utian uto aztecan wakashan wintuan yuki wappo yuman cochimí isolates alsea atakapa cayuse chimariko chitimacha coahuilteco cotoname esselen haida karuk kutenai natchez salinan seri siuslaw takelma timucua tonkawa tunica waikuri washo yana yuchi zuni keres yokuts mesoamerica arawakan chibchan jicaquean lencan mayan misumalpan mixe zoque oto manguean tequistlatecan totonacan uto aztecan xincan isolates cuitlatec huave purépecha south america arawakan arawan aymaran barbacoan boran bororoan cahuapanan cañari puruhá cariban chapacuran charruan chibchan chicham chocoan chonan guaicuruan guajiboan harákmbut katukinan hibito cholón huarpean jirajaran kakwa nukak kaweskaran lule vilela macro jê mapudungun mascoian matacoan nadahup nambikwaran otomacoan pano tacanan peba yaguan piaroa saliban quechuan ticuna yuri tiniguan tucanoan tupian uru chipaya witotoan yanomaman zamucoan zaparoan isolates aewa aikanã andaquí andoque arara do rio branco arutani betoi jirara candoshi shapra canichana cayubaba chiquitano chono cofán culle esmeralda guachí guamo guató iatê irantxe itonama joti kariri kamsá kanoê kunza kwaza leco máku matanawi mochica mosetén chimane movima muniche mura pirahã omurano otí páez payaguá puinave pumé puquina puri sape sechura tallán taruma taushiro timote trumai urarina wao terero warao xukuru yahgan yuracaré yurumangui sign languages arab australian aboriginal banzsl chinese francosign germanosign hand talk indo pakistani japanese mayan original thai swedish providencia cayman sudanese tanzanian vietnamese isolates see list of sign languages village sign languages see also constructed languages creoles language isolates list of proposed language families mixed languages pidgins spurious languages unclassified languages whistled languages families with question marks are disputed or controversial families in italics have no living members families with more than 30 languages are in bold retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title iwaidjan_languages oldid 1372949268 categories cite q authors with missing given and family names iwaidjan languages language families non pama nyungan languages indigenous australian languages in the northern territory hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use australian english from august 2018 all wikipedia articles written in australian english use dmy dates from august 2018 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from april 2007 articles containing potentially dated statements from 1998 all articles containing potentially dated statements pages with plain ipa articles containing maung lang...