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ice theory philosophy of social science school or tradition analytic philosophy analytical marxism september group institutions university of paris i university of oslo university of chicago collège de france columbia university jon elster ˈ ɛ l s t ər born 22 february 1940 is a norwegian philosopher and political theorist who holds the robert k merton professorship of social science at columbia university and since 2005 professor of social science at the collège de france he received his phd in social science from the école normale superieure in 1972 he has previously taught at the university of paris the university of oslo and the university of chicago where he became professor of political science in 1984 1 since 1995 he has held the robert k merton professorship of social science at columbia university as well as being professor of social science at the collège de france since 2005 2 3 elster has authored works in the philosophy of social science and rational choice theory he is also a notable proponent of analytical marxism was a leading member of the september group which attempted to reinterpret marxism on the basis of analytic philosophy 4 5 and a critic of neoclassical economics and public choice theory largely on behavioral and psychological grounds in 2016 he was awarded the 22nd johan skytte prize in political science for his contributions to political science 6 biography edit elster is the son of journalist author and ceo of the norwegian broadcasting corporation torolf elster and poet magli elster he earned his phd in 1972 from the école normale superieure in paris with a dissertation on karl marx under the direction of raymond aron 7 elster was a member of the september group for many years but left in the early 1990s elster previously taught at the university of oslo in the department of history and held an endowed chair at the university of chicago teaching in the departments of philosophy and political science he is now robert k merton professor of social sciences with appointments in political science and philosophy at columbia university and professeur honoraire at the collège de france he was awarded the jean nicod prize in 1997 the john von neumann award in 2002 and the skytte prize in political science in 2016 he is a member of the norwegian academy of science and letters 8 he is also a member of the american academy of arts and sciences of the american philosophical society of the academia europaea and a corresponding fellow of the british academy elster is doctor honoris causa at the universities of valencia stockholm oslo trondheim ntnu 9 louvain la neuve torcuato di tella and the national university of colombia he is honorary professor at the university of chongqing philosophical work edit this section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification please help by adding reliable sources contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately especially if potentially libelous or harmful find sources jon elster news newspapers books scholar jstor july 2018 learn how and when to remove this message much of elster s writing is characterized by attempts to use analytical theories especially rational choice theory as a springboard for philosophical and ethical analysis with numerous examples from literature and history elster has made important contributions to several fields daniel little wrote in a review essay the breadth and depth of his writings are striking in a time of high specialisation he is read and discussed by political scientists legal scholars economists and philosophers his work is difficult to summarise in a slogan but it is generally informed by a broad and deep acquaintance with relevant literature in economics political science history philosophy and psychology 10 a student of the philosophy of social science a topic he investigated through case studies in explaining technical change elster strongly argued that social scientific explanations had to be built on top of methodological individualism the belief that only individuals not larger entities like organizations or societies can actually do things and microfoundations explaining big societal changes in terms of individual actions he criticized marxists and other social scientists for believing in functionalism the belief that institutions exist because of their effect on society and instead tried to give marxism a foundation in game theory the economic notion that people make choices based on the expected benefits and the choices others are likely to make elster wrote numerous books attempting to use rational choice theory for a wide variety of social explanations rational choice theory is far more than a technical tool for explaining behaviour he once wrote it is also and very importantly a way of coming to grips with ourselves not only what we should do but even what we should be 11 he attempted to apply it to topics as varied as politics political psychology bias and constrained preferences sour grapes emotions alchemies of the mind self restraint ulysses and the sirens which was selected for the norwegian sociology canon marxism making sense of marx and more in doing so he elucidated many issues with simplistic notions of rational choice endogenous preference formation certain actions today can change preferences tomorrow so how does one decide which preferences one prefers framing people express different preferences when the same question is asked different ways imperfect rationality weakness of the will emotion impulsiveness habit self deception and our adjustments for it and time preferences among others as time went on elster began to sour on rational choice a 1991 review in the london review of books noted elster has lost his bearings or at least his faith his latest books he says reflects an increasing disillusion with the power of reason 12 his magisterial 500 page book explaining social behavior includes something of a recantation i now believe that rational choice theory has less explanatory power than i used to think do real people act on the calculations that make up many pages of mathematical appendixes in leading journals i do not think so there is no general nonintentional mechanism that can simulate or mimic rationality at the same time the empirical support tends to be quite weak this is of course a sweeping statement let me simply point out the high level of disagreement among competent scholars fundamental persistent disagreements among schools we never observe the kind of many decimal points precision that would put controversy to rest 13 the book discusses both rational behavior but also irrational behavior which elster says is widespread and frequent but not inevitable we want to be rational 14 a more recent book le désintéressement part of a two volume traité critique de l homme économique explores the ramifications of these insights for the possibility of disinterested action 15 selected writings edit leibniz et la formation de l esprit capitaliste paris 1975 isbn 2 7007 0018 x leibniz and the development of economic rationality oslo 1975 logic and society new york 1978 ulysses and the sirens cambridge 1979 sour grapes studies in the subversion of rationality cambridge university press 1983 explaining technical change a case study in the philosophy of science oslo 1983 one hundred years of marxist social science london review of books vol 5 no 11 1983 archived from the original on 23 june 2025 retrieved 4 september 2025 making sense of marx studies in marxism and social theory cambridge cambridge university press 1985 isbn 978 0521297059 an introduction to karl marx cambridge 1986 the cement of society a study of social order cambridge 1989 solomonic judgments studies in the limitation of rationality cambridge 1989 nuts and bolts for the social sciences cambridge 1989 local justice how institutions allocate scarce goods and necessary burdens new york 1992 political psychology cambridge 1993 the ethics of medical choice with nicolas herpin london 1994 strong feelings emotion addiction and human behavior cambridge 1999 alchemies of the mind rationality and the emotions cambridge 1999 ulysses unbound studies in rationality precommitment and constraints cambridge 2000 closing the books transitional justice in historical perspective cambridge 2004 explaining social behavior more nuts and bolts for the social sciences cambridge 2007 revised ed 2015 reason and rationality princeton 2009 alexis de tocqueville the first social scientist cambridge 2009 le désintéressemen t paris 2009 l irrationalité paris 2010 securities against misrule juries assemblies elections cambridge 2013 isbn 9781107649958 constituent assemblies edited with roberto gargarella vatsal naresh and bjørn erik rasch cambridge 2019 france before 1789 the unraveling of an absolutist regime princeton 2020 16 america before 1787 the unraveling of a colonial regime princeton 2023 see also edit g a cohen john roemer list of jean nicod prize laureates references edit svendsen trond olav 2020 02 26 jon elster store norske leksikon in norwegian bokmål retrieved 2022 02 03 jon elster political science polisci columbia edu retrieved 2022 02 03 svendsen trond olav 2020 02 26 jon elster store norske leksikon in norwegian bokmål retrieved 2022 02 03 analytical marxism stanford encyclopedia of philosophy september 5 2022 retrieved april 10 2025 elster jon 16 june 1983 one hundred years of marxist social science london review of books vol 5 no 11 archived from the original on 23 june 2025 retrieved 4 september 2025 engelstad fredrik 2020 02 25 jon elster norsk biografisk leksikon in norwegian bokmål retrieved 2022 02 03 yeghiayan eddie jon elster a selected bibliography uci department of philosophy retrieved 2008 04 18 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link gruppe 3 idéfag in norwegian norwegian academy of science and letters archived from the original on 27 september 2011 retrieved 28 october 2009 honorary doctors www ntnu edu retrieved 2018 12 06 chapter on jon elster by daniel little in new horizons in economic thought appraisals of leading economists edited by warren samuels edward elgar publishing 1992 isbn 1 85278 379 6 also available as download elster jon 1993 some unresolved problems in the theory of rational behaviour acta sociologica 36 3 179 189 p 179 doi 10 1177 000169939303600303 s2cid 143583002 hollis martin why elster is stuck and needs to recover his faith london review of books 13 january 1991 explaining social behaviour pp 5 25ff explaining social behaviour p 232 review of le désintéressement by gloria origgi the possibility of disinterested action archived 2010 03 04 at the wayback machine the berlin review of books 8 january 2010 parent antoine 2024 france after 1789 essay on elster s france before 1789 journal of economic literature 62 3 1230 1255 doi 10 1257 jel 20221651 issn 0022 0515 external links edit wikiquote has quotations related to jon elster elster page at columbia university department of philosophy elster page at the collège de france jon elster page maintained by hans o melberg at the wayback machine archived april 5 2008 selected quotes by jon elster when the lottery is fairer than rational choice interview with jon elster text video laviedesidees fr 26 11 2008 v t e september group members g a cohen john roemer jon elster adam przeworski erik olin wright philippe van parijs robert jan van der veen nl robert brenner hillel steiner samuel bowles joshua cohen see also analytical marxism left libertarianism game theory marxism karl marx john rawls robert nozick self ownership exploitation v t e john von neumann award recipients john harsanyi 1995 hal varian 1996 kornai jános 1997 jean tirole 1998 oliver williamson 1999 avinash k dixit 2001 jon elster 2002 maurice obstfeld 2003 gary s becker 2004 glenn c loury 2005 matthew rabin 2006 daron acemoglu 2007 kevin m murphy 2008 philippe aghion 2009 tim besley 2010 joshua angrist 2011 olivier blanchard 2012 esther duflo 2013 kenneth j arrow 2013 1 emmanuel saez 2014 matthew o jackson 2015 alvin e roth 2016 richard h thaler 2017 dani rodrik 2018 susan athey 2019 mariana mazzucato 2020 matthew gentzkow 2021 john a list 2022 raj chetty 2023 guido tabellini 2024 edward glaeser 2025 v t e recipients of the johan skytte prize in political science 1995 robert a dahl 1996 juan josé linz 1997 arend lijphart 1998 alexander l george 1999 elinor ostrom 2000 fritz w scharpf 2001 brian barry 2002 sidney verba 2003 hanna pitkin 2004 jean blondel 2005 robert keohane 2006 robert d putnam 2007 theda skocpol 2008 rein taagepera 2009 philippe c schmitter 2010 adam przeworski 2011 ronald inglehart pippa norris 2012 carole pateman 2013 robert axelrod 2014 david collier 2015 francis fukuyama 2016 jon elster 2017 amartya sen 2018 jane mansbridge 2019 margaret levi 2020 peter j katzenstein 2021 david d laitin 2022 robert e goodin 2023 martha finnemore alexander wendt 2024 jürgen habermas 2025 herbert kitschelt 2026 seyla benhabib authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data japan italy czech republic spain netherlands norway latvia greece korea sweden poland israel catalonia belgium croatia academics cinii scopus academia europaea people trove deutsche biographie ddb other idref open library snac yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title jon_elster oldid 1373717259 categories 1940 births living people academic staff of the collège de france 21st century norwegian philosophers norwegian political philosophers norwegian political scientists columbia university faculty members of the norwegian academy of science and letters philosophers of social science corresponding fellows of the british academy norwegian expatriates in france norwegian expatriates in the united states university of chicago faculty members of the american philosophical society hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages using infobox person with multiple parents articles with hcards pages using infobox academic with deprecated parameters cs1 norwegian bokmål language sources nb cs1 maint deprecated archival service cs1 norwegian language sources no blp articles lacking sources from july 2018 all blp articles lacking sources webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 7 september 2026 at 15 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view 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