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reate account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 etymology 2 purpose 3 subtypes 4 decoration and construction 5 famous pieces 6 see also 7 notes 8 references 9 external links toggle the table of contents kylix 37 languages afrikaans العربية беларуская български brezhoneg català čeština чӑвашла dansk deutsch ελληνικά español eesti euskara estremeñu فارسی suomi français galego עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 latina nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português русский slovenčina slovenščina svenska українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia ancient greek or etruscan drinking cup for other uses see kylix disambiguation silver kylix with helen and hermes c 420 bc in the pottery of ancient greece a kylix a also spelled cylix pl kylikes b is the most common type of cup in the period usually associated with the drinking of wine the cup often consists of a rounded base and a thin stem under a basin the cup is accompanied by two handles on opposite sides the inner basin is often adorned in the bottom so that as the liquid is consumed an image is revealed this adornment is usually in a circular frame and called a tondo 1 there are many variations of the kylikes other cups available in the era include the skyphos or the kantharoi 2 kylikes were also popular exports being the most common pottery import from attica found in etruscan settlements 3 etymology edit kylix from below the greek word kylix meaning cup could refer to both a drinking vessel as well as the cup shape of a flower it is possibly related to the latin word calix also meaning cup and may have originally been borrowed from a non indo european language 4 kylix appears to in antiquity refer to the characteristic wide and short shape of the vessel and may have referred to many types of drinking vessels 5 some types of kylikes have their own names with their own etymology one such variety is komast cups where komast refers to the name of the type of drunken figures painted on them which is characteristic of the style another uniquely named type is a siana cup which is named after a site in rhodes where it was originally found the last major variety that has a specific name is the little master cup which is translated from german which references the small scale of the adornments on the cup 5 purpose edit symposium scene on pottery kylix are most famous for their association with symposiums and wine where the set of kylix could match the kraters which are the mixing vessels for diluting wine 2 3 these symposiums included various vessels for the preparation and drinking of wine and often were adorned with images of dionysus and his worshippers 6 however the images in the tondo contained a variety of themes meant to surprise and amuse the party guest one such theme is that of sailing often adorning mixing vessels in the late 6th century ships and other maritime scenes were popular as there were comparisons made between symposiums and sailing in literature of the time 7 other themes would include humorous designs including on the base of the cup such as the male genitals on the bomford cup a late 6th century kylix 8 at symposiums the process of mixing the wine was completed by a master of ceremonies then passed around by a young male slave 6 the mixing of the wine and small drinking vessels are believed to possibly be an effort to allow a guest to enjoy his wine but also avoid a drunken scandal by encouraging moderation and lowering alcohol content 9 thus the shape of the kylix may have been an ideal shape for not only displaying art but also for the reclined positions that men would sit or lay in while drinking at symposiums the short broad shape allowed for reclined drinking with minimal risk of spilling 10 the handles allowed the guests to play kottabos 3 where a guest would put their right index finger into one of the handles and attempt to fling the last of their wine into a target often a container on a pedestal or floating in a pool in order to win a prize 10 subtypes edit example of a kylix with an offset lip there are many types of kylix that have been defined by archaeologists often denoting a regional variance or chronological difference 5 one of the major features of early cups is if they have an offset lip or not the lack of an offset lip means that if one were to place the cup on a flat surface the lip would be parallel to the surface the cup is set on rather than angled in some way of the majorly chronological types there are types a b and c type a developed in the late 6th century bce and fade out of production by the early 5th century this type is characterized by a smooth profile lack of an offset lip and a wide short stem these cups also featured both red and black figure art sometimes on the same cup called bilingual kylix 5 9 11 type b is very reminiscent of type a except the stems are thinner and has a more curved joining from the basin to the stem of the cup 5 this type is the most common found in etruscan tombs 3 type c is less common than types a and b and sometimes has an offset lip and can have carving or molding on the base of the stem however they are less decorative than previous types and are often solid black in color and may only be decorated in the tondo 5 for the stylistic and locational types continue to be definitions based on the presence of an offset lip as well as the types of decorations present on the cups one such type is the komast cup developed in athens and inspired by corinthian pottery it is defined by a narrow lip and sharp offset paired with a short flared stem this type is also defined with a decoration of drunken parties portrayed on the outside of the cup which grants this style its name 5 12 another type is the siana cup this style is known for its tall feet and lips when compared to the komast cups they are also defined with a decorated tondo and are decorated in a style reminiscent of eastern greek traditions 5 their decorations can be large when compared to those of other types often covering from foot to lip or having layers of decoration to cover the outside of the cup when compared to little master cup their basins are deeper and have a less defined lip 13 little master cups are named for the small details in their decorative elements they are characterized by half globe basins and tall thin stems 13 they can often be divided into two more specific styles lip cups and band cups lip cups have a more offset lip often focusing on the lower parts of the cup band cups on the other hand are mostly black save for a band of decoration all around the cup often containing images of people 5 stemless cups are known for their lack of stem and most surviving examples are plain black and lacking decoration 5 example of a type a kylix example of a kylix type b example of a band cup kylix example of a droop cup example of an eye cup kassel cup example of a komast cup lakonian cup lip cup with the main painting just below the lip the stem and foot are lost in this example example of a siana cup merrythought cup with distinctive wishbone handles decoration and construction edit example of a tondo 14 kylikes are most famous for their adornments adorned kylikes were part of a set used for special occasions such as a symposium the most common kylikes were of a solid color without adornment 2 if present the tondo contains either black figure or red figure styles of the 6th and 5th century bc and the outside was also often painted 2 an example of a tondo can be seen to the left black glaze type b kylikes appear to have been a popular export to etruscan settlements and are not as commonly found in the athens area where it is believed they developed this may suggest that these were made with the intention of exporting these kylikes 3 some of the earliest designs found on kylix include spiked flower designs and whorled shells these designs could be paired with chevrons or dot designs between the whorls or spiked flowers to fill space although this was more common with whorled designs 15 later designs included the presence of roosters which is believed to be reminiscent of the fact that an older man may gift a young man a rooster as a sign of love it is debated if this is the reasoning behind the presence of roosters as cock fighting was also a common form of entertainment at the time many other common symbols seen in the art of kylikes are similarly debated in meaning 13 at other times the meaning is less debated as in some kylikes there are sexually explicit images portrayed 13 as were scenes of parties 12 many kylikes also drew from mythological stories in their art 16 a few of the more famous painters of the time were onesimos makron and douris 17 ridged varieties of kylix have much more variety in shape and appear to have less consistent qualities of craftsmanship than those with smooth profiles this may be due to smooth profiled kylikes being intended for more elite consumers who could pay for more carefully made and decorated pieces kylikes that had been polished or had their pores filled with slip made better drinking vessels as they did not absorb the liquid they contained most kylikes were made of ceramics however but it is believed they were modeled after metal drinking vessels of the elite 18 famous pieces edit individual kylikes with articles include brygos cup of würzburg an attic red figure kylix from about 480 bc it was made by the brygos potter and painted by the man known as the brygos painter its symposium scenes are some of the best known images of greek pottery arkesilas cup very unusual because it shows a then living political figure arkesilaos ii king of kyrene died 550 bc it is dated to about 565 560 bc and is now in paris dionysus cup famous for its painting 540 530 bc it is one of the masterpieces of the attic black figure potter exekias and one of the most significant works in the staatliche antikensammlungen in munich 19 berlin foundry cup a red figure kylix from the early 5th century bc it is the name vase of the attic vase painter known conventionally as the foundry painter its most striking feature is the exterior depiction of activities in an athenian bronze workshop or foundry it is an important source on ancient greek metal working technology see also edit media related to kylixes at wikimedia commons gordion cup wine accessory krater notes edit ˈ k aɪ l ɪ k s ky liks ˈ k ɪ l ɪ k s kil iks ancient greek κύλιξ pl κύλικες ˈ k aɪ l ɪ k iː z ky lih keez ˈ k ɪ l ɪ k iː z kil ih keez references edit kylix drinking cup art institute chicago retrieved 2023 05 19 1 2 3 4 2006 35 t attic kylix department of classics 2018 05 11 retrieved 2023 05 19 1 2 3 4 5 steiner ann neils jenifer 2018 12 19 an imported attic kylix from the sanctuary at poggio colla etruscan studies 21 1 2 98 145 doi 10 1515 etst 2018 0010 issn 2163 8217 s2cid 194911397 kylix etymology origin and meaning of kylix by etymonline www etymonline com retrieved 2023 05 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cups and other drinking vessels www carc ox ac uk retrieved 2023 05 19 1 2 art authors department of greek and roman october 2002 the symposium in ancient greece essay the metropolitan museum of art heilbrunn timeline of art history the met s heilbrunn timeline of art history retrieved 2026 04 01 terracotta kylix eye cup drinking cup greek attic archaic the metropolitan museum of art retrieved 2023 05 19 osborn robin 1998 archaic and classical greek art oxford oxford university press pp 133 134 isbn 9780192842022 oclc 40162410 1 2 naglak matthew 2010 01 01 turning the cup thematic balance in the greek symposium inquiry the university of arkansas undergraduate research journal 11 1 1 2 museum seattle art 2019 10 11 object of the week kylix samblog retrieved 2023 05 19 mack charles r march 2016 an eye cup fragment by the amasis painter in south carolina source notes in the history of art 35 3 205 215 doi 10 1086 686706 issn 0737 4453 s2cid 192890825 1 2 miller margaret 2007 csapo eric ed the origins of theater in ancient greece and beyond from ritual to drama cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 83682 1 1 2 3 4 padgett j michael 2002 objects of desire greek vases from the john b elliott collection record of the art museum princeton university 61 37 48 doi 10 2307 3774766 issn 0032 843x jstor 3774766 running warrior the walters art museum wace a j b november 1957 part v the chronology of late helladic iiib the annual of the british school at athens 52 220 223 doi 10 1017 s0068245400012983 issn 0068 2454 s2cid 163305772 timeline of art history archived 2008 03 02 at the wayback machine the metropolitan museum of art retrieved on 2008 03 18 ancient greek pottery archived 2008 03 15 at the wayback machine young aggressive sincere organized and united 2005 01 10 aegean bronze age civilizations oxford art online oxford university press 2003 doi 10 1093 gao 9781884446054 article t000544 retrieved 2023 06 06 inventory number 8729 formerly 2044 evaluation of worth by john boardman schwarzfigurige vasen aus athen mainz 1977 p 64 and thomas mannack griechische vasenmalerei stuttgart 2002 p 121 external links edit kerameikos org v t e kylikes eye cups chalcidianising cup dionysus cup little master cups band cup droop cup gordion cup kassel cup lip cup other typology of shapes arkesilas cup berlin foundry cup brygos cup of würzburg komast cup merrythought cup oxford palmette class siana cup kleinaspergle kylikes v t e greek vase shapes wine vessels amphora kotyle kantharos karkhesion kyathos kylix lakaina mastos oenochoe pelike psykter rhyton skyphos water vessels hydria hydriske kalpis mixing vessels dinos krater cookware chytra lebes tableware pinakion perfume oil and wedding alabastron aryballos askos lebes gamikos lekythos loutrophoros lydion pelike pyxis stirrup jar funerary and religious kernos lekythos loutrophoros phiale storage amphora calathus chytra lebes pelike pithos situla stamnos other band skyphos epinetron luchnos authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title kylix oldid 1374978183 categories ancient greek pot shapes wine accessories drinkware history of wine hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing ancient greek to 1453 language text webarchive template wayback links commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 15 september 2026 at 04 03 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by 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