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the (232), lake (88), #ladoga (81), and (62), from (22), river (20), was (19), russia (19), baltic (17), 000 (17), with (16), articles (16), edit (16), sea (16), during (14), between (14), part (13), about (11), finland (11), text (10), language (10), old (10), basin (10), leningrad (10), history (10), 500 (10), neva (9), war (9), has (9), doi (9), wikipedia (8), containing (8), finnish (8), russian (8), water (8), lakes (8), area (8), that (8), using (7), links (7), norse (7), karelian (7), east (7), karelia (7), 1996 (7), shore (7), valaam (7), were (7), ice (7), century (7), last (6), republic (6), retrieved (6), other (6), 322 (6), hydrobiologia (6), into (6), after (6), around (6), its (6), years (6), this (5), page (5), slavic (5), map (5), archived (5), new (5), s2cid (5), 1007 (5), world (5), largest (5), city (5), monastery (5), south (5), svir (5), soviet (5), became (5), since (5), been (5), stage (5), average (5), name (5), contents (4), search (4), view (4), commons (4), 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(2), through (2), threshold (2), lower (2), sediments (2), radiocarbon (2), next (2), brackish (2), outlet (2), via (2), even (2), connected (2), before (2), subsequent (2), regression (2), isolated (2), above (2), until (2), possibly (2), 12th (2), channel (2), further (2), depression (2), structure (2), than (2), inflow (2), connecting (2), volga (2), 891 (2), length (2), 219 (2), width (2), reaches (2), 230 (2), 276 (2), volume (2), 837 (2), 908 (2), 660 (2), geography (2), derive (2), open (2), contrast (2), for (2), aldoga (2), named (2), hydronym (2), nevo (2), located (2), location (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), read (2), english (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), беларуская (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, additional, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, foundation, inc, use, 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palaeoenvironmental, evolution, mikulino, stages, review, amantov, laitakari, poroshin, 113, survey, paper, postjotnian, sandstones, diabases, surroundings, калесник, 1968, sorokin, aleksander, morphometrical, 28835088, bf00031806, 2008, august, cracow, university, studia, etymologica, cracoviensia, perm, revisited, mammoth, приладожья, памятники, средневековой, культуры, открытия, версии, 1994, альдейгья, археология, kirilovsky, lenizdat, 1974, 79f, gazetteer, did, know, edition, astrel, 2001, 106f, geographical, names, toponymic, evgeny, pospelov, alex, 2019, vivid, pahomov, miikul, 2022, digital, helsinki, lüüdilaine, siebr, 202, 952, 99579, lüüdi, venän, venä, lüüdin, sanakird, людиковско, русско, людиковский, словарь, simply, aldog, ladog, anjärv, luadogu, nevajärvi, laatokka, ˈɫadəɡə, ládoga, ˈɫadəʂskəje, ˈozʲɪrə, ládozhskoye, ózero, romanized, fortress, superior, mirage, iron, whale, commuter, train, boulder, vidlitsa, nicholas, skete, little, ship, harbour, rafts, 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ортса беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা brezhoneg català čeština словѣньскъ ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱑⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏ чӑвашла cymraeg dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français nordfriisk frysk gàidhlig galego עברית हिन्दी fiji hindi hrvatski hornjoserbsce magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 коми кыргызча latina lietuvių latviešu मैथिली malagasy олык марий македонски मराठी bahasa melayu नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan livvinkarjala ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski piemontèis português runa simi română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina shqip српски srpski svenska kiswahili ไทย türkçe татарча tatarça українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vepsän kel tiếng việt winaray 吴语 მარგალური 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 61 00 n 31 30 e 61 000 n 31 500 e 61 000 31 500 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia lake in leningrad russia lake ladoga map credit location in russia interactive map of lake ladoga large scale map location northwestern russia leningrad oblast and the republic of karelia coordinates 61 00 n 31 30 e 61 000 n 31 500 e 61 000 31 500 primary inflows svir volkhov vuoksi primary outflows neva catchment area 276 000 km 2 107 000 sq mi basin countries russia finland minor max length 219 km 136 mi max width 138 km 86 mi surface area 17 891 km 2 6 908 sq mi average depth 47 3 m 155 ft max depth 230 260 m 750 850 ft water volume 837 km 3 201 cu mi surface elevation 5 m 16 ft islands about 660 including valaam settlements see list lake ladoga a is a freshwater lake located in the republic of karelia and leningrad oblast in northwestern russia in the vicinity of saint petersburg it is the largest lake located entirely in europe the second largest lake in russia after lake baikal and the 14th largest lake by area in the world 2 it is comparable in size to lake ontario ladoga lacus a methane lake on saturn s moon titan is named after the lake etymology edit in one of nestor s chronicles from the 12th century a lake called the great nevo is mentioned a clear link to the neva river and possibly further to finnish nevo sea or neva bog quagmire 3 ancient norse sagas and hanseatic treaties both mention a city made of lakes named old norse aldeigja or aldoga 4 since the beginning of the 14th century this hydronym was commonly known as ladoga according to t n jackson it can be taken almost for granted that the name of ladoga first referred to the river then the city and only then the lake therefore he considers the primary hydronym ladoga to originate in the eponymous inflow to the lower reaches of the volkhov river whose early finnic name was alodejoki corresponding to modern finnish alojen joki river of the lowlands 3 the germanic toponym aldeigja aldoga was soon borrowed by the slavic population and transformed by means of the old east slavic metathesis ald lad to old east slavic ладога the old norse intermediary word between finnish and old east slavic word is fully supported by archeology since the scandinavians first appeared in ladoga in the early 750s that is a couple of decades before the slavs 5 other hypotheses about the origin of the name derive it from karelian aalto wave and karelian aaltokas wavy or from the russian dialectal word алодь meaning open lake extensive water field 6 eugene helimski by contrast offers a germanic etymology in his opinion the primary name of the lake was old norse aldauga old source associated to the open sea in contrast to the name of the neva river flowing from lake ladoga which would derive from the germanic expression for the new through the intermediate form aldaugja old norse aldeigja came about referring to the city of ladoga 7 geography edit lake ladoga as illustrated in the brockhaus and efron encyclopedic dictionary 1890 1907 the lake has an average surface area of 17 891 km 2 excluding the islands slightly larger than kuwait its north to south length is 219 km and its average width is 83 km the average depth is 47 m although it reaches a maximum of 230 m in the north western part basin area 276 000 km 2 volume 837 km 3 8 earlier estimated as 908 km 3 there are around 660 islands with a total area of about 435 km 2 ladoga is on average 5 m above sea level 9 most of the islands including the famous valaam archipelago kilpola and konevets are situated in the northwest of the lake separated from the baltic sea by the karelian isthmus it drains into the gulf of finland via the neva river lake ladoga is navigable being a part of the volga baltic waterway connecting the baltic sea with the volga river the ladoga canal bypasses the lake in the south connecting the neva to the svir the basin of lake ladoga includes about 50 000 lakes and 3 500 rivers longer than 10 km about 85 of the water inflow is due to tributaries 13 is due to precipitation and 2 is due to underground waters geological history edit see also geology of the baltic sea and svecofennian orogeny ancylus lake around 7 000 bc geologically the lake ladoga depression is a graben and syncline structure of proterozoic age precambrian this ladoga pasha structure as it is known hosts jotnian sediments during the pleistocene glaciations the depression was partially stripped of its sedimentary rock fill by glacial overdeepening 10 during the last interglacial eemian around 130 115 000 years ago the lake formed part of marine channel between the baltic and white seas 11 during the last glacial maximum about 17 000 years bp the lake served likely as a channel that concentrated ice of the fennoscandian ice sheet into an ice stream that fed glacier lobes further east 12 deglaciation following the weichselian glaciation took place in the lake ladoga basin between 12 500 and 11 500 radiocarbon years bp lake ladoga was initially part of the baltic ice lake 70 80 m above present sea level a historical freshwater stage of baltic sea it is possible though not certain that ladoga was isolated from it during regression of the subsequent yoldia sea brackish stage 10 200 9 500 bp the isolation threshold should be at heinjoki to the east of vyborg where the baltic sea and ladoga were connected by a strait or a river outlet at least until the formation of the river neva and possibly even much later until the 12th century ad or so 13 14 at 9 500 bp lake onega previously draining into the white sea started emptying into ladoga via the river svir between 9 500 and 9 100 bp during the transgression of ancylus lake the next freshwater stage of the baltic ladoga certainly became part of it even if they hadn t been connected immediately before during the ancylus lake subsequent regression around 8 800 bp ladoga became isolated 15 ladoga slowly transgressed in its southern part due to uplift of the baltic shield in the north it has been hypothesized but not proven that waters of the litorina sea the next brackish water stage of the baltic occasionally invaded ladoga between 7 000 and 5 000 bp around 5 000 bp the waters of the saimaa lake penetrated salpausselkä and formed a new outlet river vuoksi entering lake ladoga in the northwestern corner and raising its level by 1 2 m 16 the river neva originated when the ladoga waters at last broke through the threshold at porogi into the lower portions of izhora river then a tributary of the gulf of finland between 4 000 and 2 000 bp dating of some sediments in the northwestern part of lake ladoga suggests it happened at 3 100 radiocarbon years bp 3 410 3 250 calendar years bp 17 map of the baltic white sea region during the last interglacial 115 130 000 years ago showing lake ladoga as part of a marine passageway between the baltic and white seas lake ladoga as part of the baltic ice lake between 11200 and 10500 yr bp the light blue line marks the margin of the ice sheet by 13300 cal yr bp lake ladoga as part of the ancylus lake between 9300 and 9200 yr bp the dark green line marks the southern shoreline of lake ladoga during the yoldia stage of the baltic basin wildlife edit the ladoga is rich with fish forty eight forms species and infra specific taxa of fish have been encountered in the lake including roach carp bream zander european perch ruffe endemic variety of smelt two varieties of coregonus albula vendace eight varieties of coregonus lavaretus a number of other salmonidae as well as albeit rarely endangered atlantic sturgeon formerly confused with european sea sturgeon commercial fishing was once a major industry but has been hurt by overfishing after the war between 1945 and 1954 the total annual catch increased and reached a maximum of 4 900 tonnes however unbalanced fishery led to the drastic decrease of catch in 1955 1963 sometimes to 1 600 tonnes per year trawling has been forbidden in lake ladoga since 1956 and some other restrictions were imposed the situation gradually recovered and in 1971 1990 the catch ranged between 4 900 and 6 900 tonnes per year about the same level as the total catch in 1938 18 fish farms and recreational fishing are developing 19 it has its own endemic ringed seal subspecies known as the ladoga seal since the beginning of the 1960s ladoga has become considerably eutrophicated 20 nizhnesvirsky natural reserve is situated along the shore of lake ladoga immediately to the north of the mouth of the river svir the ladoga has a population of arctic char that is genetically close to the chars of lake sommen and lake vättern in southern sweden 21 history edit konevsky monastery in the middle ages the lake formed a vital part of the trade route from the varangians to the eastern roman empire with the norse emporium at staraya ladoga defending the mouth of the volkhov since the 8th century in the course of the swedish novgorodian wars the area was disputed between the novgorod republic and sweden in the early 14th century the fortresses of korela kexholm and oreshek nöteborg were established along the banks of the lake during the russo swedish war of 1656 1658 the swedes deployed several armed vessels called lodja on lake ladoga to combat the russians though no large sea battles were fought 22 the ancient valaam monastery was founded on the island of valaam the largest in lake ladoga abandoned between 1611 and 1715 restored in the 18th century and evacuated to finland during the winter war in 1940 in 1989 the monastic activities in the valaam were resumed other historic cloisters in the vicinity are the konevets monastery which sits on the konevets island and the alexander svirsky monastery which preserves samples of medieval muscovite architecture during the ingrian war a fraction of the ladoga coast was occupied by sweden in 1617 by the treaty of stolbovo the northern and western coast was ceded by russia to sweden in 1721 after the great northern war it was restitutioned to russia by the treaty of nystad in the 18th century the ladoga canal was built to bypass the lake which was prone to winds and storms that destroyed hundreds of cargo ships 23 later from around 1812 1940 the lake was shared between finland and russia according to the conditions of the 1920 tartu peace treaty militarization of the lake was severely restricted however both soviet russia and finland had flotillas in ladoga see also finnish ladoga naval detachment after the winter war 1939 40 according to the moscow peace treaty ladoga previously shared with finland became an internal basin of the soviet union during world war ii not only finnish and soviet but also german and italian vessels operated there see also naval detachment k and regia marina under these circumstances during much of the siege of leningrad 1941 44 lake ladoga provided the only access to the besieged city as a section of the eastern shore remained in soviet hands supplies were transported into leningrad with trucks on winter roads over the ice the road of life and by boat in the summer after world war ii finland lost the karelia region again to the ussr and all finnish citizens were evacuated from the ceded territory ladoga became an internal soviet basin once again the northern shore ladoga karelia with the town of sortavala is now part of the republic of karelia the western shore karelian isthmus became part of leningrad oblast lists edit tributaries edit incomplete list svir river from lake onega south east discharge 790 m 3 s volkhov river from lake ilmen south discharge 580 m 3 s vuoksi river and burnaya river from lake saimaa in finland west discharge 540 m 3 s syas river south discharge 53 m 3 s olonka river from lake utozero towns upon the lake edit shlisselburg at 59 56 n 31 02 e 59 933 n 31 033 e 59 933 31 033 shlisselburg novaya ladoga at 60 06 n 32 18 e 60 100 n 32 300 e 60 100 32 300 novaya ladoga syasstroy at 60 08 n 32 34 e 60 133 n 32 567 e 60 133 32 567 syasstroy pitkyaranta at 61 34 n 31 28 e 61 567 n 31 467 e 61 567 31 467 pitkyaranta sortavala at 61 42 n 30 41 e 61 700 n 30 683 e 61 700 30 683 sortavala lakhdenpokhya at 61 31 n 30 12 e 61 517 n 30 200 e 61 517 30 200 lakhdenpokhya priozersk at 61 02 n 30 08 e 61 033 n 30 133 e 61 033 30 133 priozersk image gallery edit rocky shore the archipelago in ladoga lake with the monastery of the transfiguration of the saviour rafts on the peter the great canal city of shlisselburg konevets island sortavala harbour karelia saint nicholas skete on island valaam on ladoga lake and little ship valaam boulder on vidlitsa west shore lake ladoga russia lake ladoga russia lake ladoga russia lake ladoga russia lake ladoga russia lake ladoga commuter train russia lake ladoga russia lake ladoga russia iron whale on lake ladoga superior mirage on lake ladoga oreshek fortress on ladoga shore in shlisselburg view notes edit ˈ l æ d ə ɡ ə lad ə gə russian ладожское озеро romanized ládozhskoye ózero ipa ˈɫadəʂskəje ˈozʲɪrə or simply ладога ládoga ipa ˈɫadəɡə finnish laatokka nevajärvi in earlier sources livvi luadogu veps ladog anjärv ludian aldog 1 references edit pahomov miikul 2022 lüüdi venän venä lüüdin sanakird людиковско русский и русско людиковский словарь ludic russian and russian ludic dictionary pdf digital version in russian helsinki lüüdilaine siebr p 202 isbn 978 952 99579 8 9 retrieved 2025 11 26 alex 2019 02 24 the largest lakes in the world by area vivid maps retrieved 2025 10 18 1 2 evgeny pospelov geographical names of the world toponymic dictionary second edition astrel moscow 2001 pp 106f s v kirilovsky did you know in gazetteer leningrad region lenizdat leningrad 1974 pp 79f t n jackson альдейгья археология и топонимика archived 2007 11 11 at the 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