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t log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history of genres toggle history of genres subsection 1 1 aristotle 1 2 further development of genre 1 3 romantic genre theory 1 4 northrop frye 1 5 genre in the twenty first century 2 genres 3 common genres in western literature 4 related methods of categorization of literature 5 see also 6 references toggle the table of contents literary genre 66 languages العربية অসমীয়া asturianu azərbaycanca башҡортса беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা brezhoneg català нохчийн کوردی čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית hrvatski kreyòl ayisyen հայերեն արեւմտահայերէն interlingua bahasa indonesia ido italiano patois jawa ქართული қазақша 한국어 кыргызча latina lëtzebuergesch limburgs nederlands norsk bokmål occitan polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina shqip српски srpski kiswahili తెలుగు ไทย türkçe українська اردو tiếng việt 吴语 ייִדיש 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia category of literary composition this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources literary genre news newspapers books scholar jstor may 2022 learn how and when to remove this message literature oral literature folklore ceremonial poetry epics evocation fable fairy tale folk play folksong incantation legend memorate myth proverb urban legend oration performance lyrics spoken word storytelling saying major written forms drama closet drama poetry lyric narrative prose narrative didactic moral nonsense verse ergodic electronic religious long prose fiction anthology serial novel romance medium prose fiction novella novelette short prose fiction short story drabble sketch flash fiction parable wisdom prose genres fiction children s encyclopedic genre action adventure coming of age crime erotic fantasy horror military paranormal romance science fiction supernatural western historical realist speculative vocaloid novels non fiction academic history philosophy anecdote epistle essay journalism letter life nature persuasive travelogue poetry genres narrative children epic epyllion dramatic verse novel national lyric ballad elegy epigram subhāṣita ghazal haiku hymn limerick lyrics ode qasida sonnet villanelle dramatic genres comedy libretto musical opera play historical moral satire script tragedy tragicomedy history ancient medieval early medieval early modern renaissance 18th 19th 20th contemporary 21st media voice audiobook speech writing book digital electronics ebook manuscript lists and outlines outline glossary books epic folk epics poets writers movements poetry groups cycles literary awards poetry short story collection cycle lost literary work lacuna theory and criticism sociology magazines composition language narrative comparative circle society post literate society peer feud estate workshop circle literature portal v t e a literary genre is a category of literature genres may be determined by literary technique tone content or length especially for fiction they generally move from more abstract encompassing classes which are then further sub divided into more concrete distinctions 1 the distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined and even the rules designating genres change over time and are fairly unstable 2 genres can all be in the form of prose or poetry additionally a genre such as satire allegory or pastoral might appear in any of the above not only as a subgenre see below but as a mixture of genres they are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed history of genres edit allegories of literary genre by constant montald 1899 aristotle edit the concept of genre began in the works of aristotle who applied biological concepts to the classification of literary genres or as he called them species eidē 3 these classifications are mainly discussed in his treatises rhetoric and poetics genres are categories into which kinds of literary material are organized the genres aristotle discusses include the epic the tragedy the comedy dithyrambic poetry and phallic songs genres are often divided into complex sub categories for example the novel is a large genre of narrative fiction within the category of the novel the detective novel is a sub genre while the hard boiled detective novel is a sub genre of the detective novel 4 in the rhetoric aristotle proposed three literary genres of rhetorical oratory deliberative forensic and epideictic these are divided based on the purpose of the orator to argue for future policy or action deliberative discuss past action forensic or offer praise or blame during a ceremony epideictic in the poetics aristotle similarly divided poetry into three main genres the epic tragedy and comedy in the case of poetry these distinctions are based not on rhetorical purpose but on a combination of structure content and narrative form for each type he proposed a definition as well as the rules for its construction further development of genre edit after the time of aristotle literary criticism continued to develop the first century greek treatise on the sublime for example discussed the works of more than 50 literary writers and the methods they used to influence their audiences emotions and feelings 5 in his extensive literary work the roman author cicero did not simply adopt aristotle s concepts of literary genres nor did he follow plato s earlier approaches instead he developed a new rhetorically informed understanding of genres based on the expressive power of language 6 romantic genre theory edit the origins of modern western genre theory can be traced to the european romantic movement in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries during which the concept of genre was scrutinized heavily 7 the idea that it was possible to ignore genre constraints and the idea that each literary work was a genre unto itself 7 gained popularity genre definitions were thought to be primitive and childish 7 at the same time the romantic period saw the emergence of a new genre the imaginative genre 8 the reason for this shift is often attributed to the social events that were taking place in the western world in terms of wars infighting and overthrown leadership 8 people felt the need for escapism to remove themselves from their respective situations 8 northrop frye edit in 1957 canadian scholar northrop frye published anatomy of criticism in which he proposes a system of genres and a set of rules to describe the constraints of each genre 1 in this work he defines methodological classifications of the genres of myth legend high mimetic genre low mimetic genre irony the comic and the tragic through the constitution of the relation between the hero of the work and ourselves or the laws of nature 1 he also uses the juxtaposition of the real and the ideal to categorize the genres of romance the ideal irony the real comedy transition from real to ideal and tragedy transition from ideal to real lastly he divides genres by the audience they are intended for into drama performed works lyric poetry sung works and epic poetry recited works 1 genre in the twenty first century edit since the romantic period modern genre theory often sought to dispense with the conventions that have marked the categorization of genres for centuries however the twenty first century has brought a new era in which genre has lost much of the negative connotations associating it with loss of individuality or excess conformity 7 genres edit further information list of writing genres genre categorizes literary works based on specific shared conventions including style mood length and organizational features 9 these genres are in turn divided into subgenres western literature is typically subdivided into the classic three forms of ancient greece poetry drama and prose poetry may then be subdivided into the genres of lyric epic and dramatic the lyric includes all the shorter forms of poetry for example song ode ballad elegy sonnet 10 dramatic poetry might include comedy tragedy melodrama and mixtures like tragicomedy the standard division of drama into tragedy and comedy derives from greek drama 10 this division into subgenres can continue comedy has its own subgenres including for example comedy of manners sentimental comedy burlesque comedy and satirical comedy the genre of semi fiction includes works that mix elements of both fiction and nonfiction a semi fictional work may be the retelling of a true story with only the names changed at the other end of the spectrum it may present fictional events with a semi fictional protagonist as in jerry seinfeld often the criteria used to divide up works into genres are not consistent and can be subject to debate change and challenge by both authors and critics 2 however some basic distinctions are widely accepted for example it is commonly accepted that the genre of fiction literature created from the imagination not presented as fact though it may be based on a true story or situation is not applied to all fictitious literature but instead encompasses only prose texts novels novellas short stories and not fables common genres in western literature edit the genre of poetry includes the subgenres of sonnets haiku and limerick among others the genre of prose includes the notebook novel novella and short story related methods of categorization of literature edit there are other ways of categorizing books that are not usually considered genre notably this can include age categories by which literature may be classified as adult young adult or children s literature there is also classification by format where the structure of the work is used graphic novels picture books radio plays and so on see also edit literature portal list of writing genres genre criticism genre studies genre fiction references edit 1 2 3 4 todorov tzvetan howard richard 1976 the fantastic a structural approach to a literary genre the slavic and east european journal 20 2 186 189 doi 10 2307 305826 jstor 305826 1 2 pavel thomas 2003 literary genres as norms and good habits new literary history 34 2 the johns hopkins university press 201 210 doi 10 1353 nlh 2003 0021 jstor 20057776 s2cid 144429849 fishelov david 1999 the birth of a genre european journal of english studies 3 1 51 63 doi 10 1080 13825579908574429 issn 1382 5577 aristotle poetics weinberg bernard february 1950 translations and commentaries of longinus on the sublime to 1600 a bibliography modern philology 47 3 145 151 doi 10 1086 388836 issn 0026 8232 s2cid 161109504 chalkomatas dionysios 2007 ciceros dichtungstheorie ein beitrag zur geschichte der antiken literaturästhetik cicero s theory of poetry a contribution to the history of ancient literary aesthetics berlin frank timme isbn 978 3 86596 069 6 1 2 3 4 duff david 2000 modern genre theory london routledge doi 10 4324 9781315839257 isbn 9781315839257 1 2 3 corrigan philip july 1 1986 book review literary theory an introduction insurgent sociologist 13 4 75 77 doi 10 1177 089692058601300410 s2cid 144848160 david mikics 2010 a new handbook of literary term yale university press pp 132 133 isbn 9780300164312 1 2 genres academic brooklyn cuny edu retrieved april 17 2021 v t e narrative character antagonist antihero characterization character arc character flaw tragic foil hero tragic protagonist stock characters list supporting character sidekick villain miscellaneous character roles byronic hero confidant deuteragonist false protagonist focal character self insertion tritagonist unseen character form medium dramatic ballet film musical opera play roleplay television show folkloric fable fairy tale legend myth tall tale literary narrative poem epic novel novella short story vignette other comic graphic novel static narrative narrative quilting tapestry song video game genre list fiction action adventure comedy satire coming of age crime docu erotic flash historical western inspirational mystery nautical paranoid philosophical parable political pop culture psychological romance speculative fantasy horror science theological thriller urban nonfiction autobiography biography creative nonfiction documentary history literacy narrative memoir nature narrative travel narrative true crime plot plot elements act scene action backstory origin story conflict denouement resolution exposition hook pace plot structures list reveal story arc subplot suspense plot devices chekhov s gun cliffhanger eucatastrophe false ending flashback flashforward foreshadowing in medias res macguffin red herring plot twist story within a story frame story other narrative elements narration point of view breaking the fourth wall diegesis first person narration multiple narration stream of consciousness unconsciousness subjectivity and objectivity unreliable narration setting alternate history dreamworld dystopia fictional location city country universe parallel utopia worldbuilding style comic relief bathos convention trope dialogue diction literal and figurative language imagery irony literary narrative devices list mode mood motif show don t tell tone theme allegory ambiguity good versus evil empathy in literature human condition moral poetic justice philosophy and literature symbolism related concepts fiction concepts canon continuity crossover fiction writing fourth wall metafiction parallel fiction reboot retcon screenwriting series fiction suspension of disbelief trope verisimilitude miscellaneous concepts dominant narrative genre of literature list literary criticism literary theory narrative identity narrative paradigm narrative therapy narratology political narrative prequel sequel rhetoric glossary series of works storytelling tellability authority control databases international gnd national united states czech republic spain retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title literary_genre oldid 1375536892 categories literary genres literary theory hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from may 2022 all articles needing additional references pages using sidebar with the child parameter this page was last edited on 18 september 2026 at 11 40 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy 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