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ed newsprint however today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely newspapers developed in the 17th century as information sheets for merchants by the early 19th century many cities in europe as well as north and south america published newspapers some newspapers with high editorial independence high journalism quality and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record with the popularity of the internet many newspapers are now digital with their news presented online as the main medium that most of the readers use with the print edition being secondary for the minority of customers that choose to pay for it or in some cases retired the decline of newspapers in the early 21st century was at first largely interpreted as a mere print versus digital contest in which digital beats print the reality is different and multivariate as newspapers now routinely have online presence anyone willing to subscribe can read them digitally online factors such as classified ads no longer being a large revenue center because of other ways to buy and sell online and ad impressions now being dispersed across many media are inputs overview edit konrad adenauer reading the frankfurter allgemeine zeitung issue of 7 august 1961 newspapers are typically published daily or weekly news magazines are also weekly but they have a magazine format general interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news the news includes political events and politicians business and finance crime weather and natural disasters health and medicine science and computers and technology sports and entertainment society food and cooking clothing and home fashion and the arts usually the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings labelled a b c and so on with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers a1 a20 b1 b20 c1 c20 and so on most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing editorials written by an editor or by the paper s editorial board and expressing an opinion on a public issue opinion articles called op eds written by guest writers which are typically in the same section as the editorial and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the raw data of the news into information telling the reader what it all means and persuading them to concur papers also include articles that have no byline these articles are written by staff writers a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers besides the aforementioned news information and opinions they include weather forecasts criticism and reviews of the arts including literature film television theater fine arts and architecture and of local services such as restaurants obituaries birth notices and graduation announcements entertainment features such as crosswords horoscopes editorial cartoons gag cartoons and comic strips advice columns food and other columns and radio and television listings program schedules newspapers have classified ad sections where people and businesses can buy small advertisements to sell goods or services as of 2013 an increase in internet websites for selling goods such as craigslist and ebay has led to significantly less classified ad sales for newspapers citation needed most newspapers are businesses and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue newsstand sales and advertising revenue other businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages including display ads classified ads and their online equivalents some newspapers are government run or at least government funded their reliance on advertising revenue and profitability is less critical to their survival the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone whether owners advertisers or a government some newspapers with high editorial independence high journalism quality and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record many newspapers besides employing journalists on their own payrolls also subscribe to news agencies wire services such as the associated press reuters or agence france presse which employ journalists to find assemble and report the news then sell the content to the various newspapers this is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world c 2005 there were approximately 6 580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day in the u s 1 450 titles selling 55 million copies 1 the late 2000s early 2010s global recession combined with the rapid growth of free web based alternatives has helped cause a decline in advertising and circulation as many papers had to retrench operations to stanch the losses 2 worldwide annual revenue approached 100 billion in 2005 7 then plunged during the 2008 financial crisis revenue in 2016 fell to only 53 billion hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal 3 the decline in advertising revenues affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums print advertising was once lucrative but has greatly declined and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of their print precursors besides remodelling advertising the internet especially the web has also challenged the business models of the print only era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general sharing information with others and more specifically journalism the work of finding assembling and reporting the news besides the rise of news aggregators which bundle linked articles from many online newspapers and other sources influences the flow of web traffic increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects the oldest newspaper still published is the ordinari post tijdender which was established in stockholm in 1645 definitions edit newspapers typically meet four criteria 4 5 public accessibility its contents are reasonably accessible to the public traditionally by the paper being sold or distributed at newsstands shops and libraries and since the 1990s made available over the internet with online newspaper websites while online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with internet access people without internet or computer access e g homeless people impoverished people and people living in remote or rural regions may not be able to access the internet and thus will not be able to read online news literacy is also a factor that prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers paper or online periodicity they are published at regular intervals typically daily or weekly this ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly emerging news stories or events currency its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows the degree of up to date ness of a print newspaper is limited by the need for time to print and distribute the newspaper in major cities there may be a morning edition and a later edition of the same day s paper so that the later edition can incorporate breaking news that have occurred since the morning edition was printed online newspapers can be updated as frequently as new information becomes available even several times per day which means that online editions can be very up to date universality newspapers covers a range of topics from political and business news to updates on science and technology arts culture and entertainment history edit main article history of newspaper publishing see also list of the earliest newspapers and newspaper production process europe edit see also history of british newspapers title page of johann carolus relation from 1609 the first newspaper josef danhauser s portrait newspaper readers 1840 predecessors edit main articles journalism of early modern europe coranto newsbook and newsletters this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information april 2026 manuscript newsletters circulated by the 15th century in europe 6 and the fugger banking family systematised the distribution of information 7 early development edit the first mechanical movable type printing that allowed the mass production of printed material was invented by johann gutenberg around 1450 in the 50 years after gutenberg started printing an estimated 500 000 books were in circulation printed on about 1 000 presses across the continent gutenberg s invention was a simple device but it launched a revolution marked by repeated advances in technology and as a result a popularization of the ideals of liberty and freedom of information exchange 8 the emergence of the new media in the 17th century has to be seen in close connection with the spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives its name 9 the german language relation aller fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen historien printed from 1605 onwards by johann carolus in strasbourg in the holy roman empire of the german nation is often recognized as the first newspaper 10 11 the second newspaper the german avisa was published from 1609 in wolfenbüttel both newspapers distinguished themselves from other printed material by being published on a regular basis they reported on a variety of current events to a broad public audience for distribution regular printed news summaries leveraged off the extension of the system of posts whereby the imperial couriers were permitted to carry letters for individuals the beginnings of that extension of the system cannot be documented before the middle of the sixteenth century and occur first in austria and germany from which it followed that the earliest dated and numbered publication of news occurred in central and west europe 12 within a few decades newspapers could be found in all the major cities of europe from venice to london the dutch courante uyt italien duytslandt c courant from italy germany etc of 1618 was the first to appear in folio rather than quarto size amsterdam a center of world trade quickly became home to newspapers in many languages often before they were published in their own country 13 the first english language newspaper corrant out of italy germany etc was published in amsterdam in 1620 in the same year the antwerp periodial nieuwe tijdinghen 14 was published by abraham verhoeven 15 in 1621 corante or weekely newes from italy germany hungary poland bohemia france and the low countreys was published in england by an n b generally thought to be either nathaniel butter or nicholas bourne and thomas archer 16 the first newspaper in france was published in 1631 la gazette originally published as gazette de france 17 the first newspaper in italy in accordance with the oldest issue still preserved was di genova published in 1639 in genoa 18 the first newspaper in portugal a gazeta da restauração was published in 1641 in lisbon 19 the first spanish newspaper gaceta de madrid was published in 1661 post och inrikes tidningar founded as ordinari post tijdender first published in sweden in 1645 is the oldest newspaper still in existence though it now publishes solely online 20 opregte haarlemsche courant from haarlem first published in 1656 is the oldest paper still printed it was forced to merge with the newspaper haarlems dagblad in 1942 when germany occupied the netherlands since then the haarlems dagblad has appeared with the subtitle oprechte haerlemse courant 1656 merkuriusz polski ordynaryjny was published in kraków poland in 1661 the first successful english daily the daily courant was published from 1702 to 1735 13 21 americas edit see also history of american newspapers fanciful drawing of a general store by marguerite martyn in the st louis post dispatch on october 21 1906 on the far left a group of men share reading a newspaper in boston in 1690 benjamin harris published publick occurrences both forreign and domestick this is considered the first newspaper in the american colonies even though only one edition was published before the paper was suppressed by the government in 1704 the governor allowed the boston news letter to be published and it became the first continuously published newspaper in the colonies soon after weekly papers began being published in new york and philadelphia these early newspapers followed the british format and were usually four pages long they mostly carried news from britain and content depended on the editor s interests in 1783 the pennsylvania evening post became the first american daily 22 in 1752 john bushell published the halifax gazette which claims to be canada s first newspaper however its official descendant the royal gazette is a government publication for legal notices and proclamations rather than a proper newspaper in 1764 the quebec gazette was first printed 21 june 1764 and remains the oldest continuously published newspaper in north america as the quebec chronicle telegraph it is currently published as an english language weekly from its offices at 1040 belvédère suite 218 quebec city quebec canada in 1808 the gazeta do rio de janeiro 23 had its first edition printed in devices brought from england publishing news favourable for the government of the united kingdom of portugal brazil and the algarves since it was produced by the official press service of the portuguese crown in 1821 after the ending of the ban of private newspaper circulation appears the first non imperial printed publication diário do rio de janeiro though there existed already the correio braziliense published by hipólito josé da costa at the same time as the gazeta but from london and with forcefully advocated political and critical ideas aiming to expose the administration s flaws the first newspaper in peru was el peruano established in october 1825 and still published today but with several name changes asia edit main articles print media in india japanese newspapers and history of chinese newspapers during the tang dynasty in china 618 906 the kaiyuan za bao published the government news it was block printed onto paper it is sometimes considered one of the earliest newspapers to be published the first recorded attempt to found a newspaper of the modern type in south asia was by william bolts a dutchman in the employ of the british east india company in september 1768 in calcutta however before he could begin his newspaper he was deported back to europe in 1780 the first newsprint from this region hicky s bengal gazette was published by an irishman james augustus hicky he used it as a means to criticize the british rule through journalism citation needed the jobo discussed in the annals of the joseon dynasty was published in 1577 by king seonjo s ministers as the king had not given permission to print the news bulletins jobo was discontinued and 30 ministers were ...