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ite of various supercomputers home to the fastest on several occasions 69 in 1953 ornl partnered with the argonne national laboratory to build oracle oak ridge automatic computer and logical engine a computer to research nuclear physics chemistry biology and engineering 24 69 70 oracle had 2048 words 80 kibit of memory and took approximately 590 microseconds to perform addition or multiplication of integers 70 in the 1960s ornl was equipped with an ibm 360 91 and an ibm 360 65 71 in 1995 ornl bought an intel paragon based computer called the intel paragon xp s 150 that performed at 154 gigaflops and ranked third on the top500 list of supercomputers 69 72 in 2005 jaguar was built a cray xt3 based system that performed at 25 teraflops and received incremental upgrades up to the xt5 platform that performed at 2 3 petaflops in 2009 it was recognised as the world s fastest from november 2009 until november 2010 73 74 summit was built for oak ridge national laboratory during 2018 which benchmarked at 122 3 petaflops as of june 2020 summit was the world s second fastest clocked supercomputer with 202 752 cpu cores 27 648 nvidia tesla gpus and 250 petabytes of storage having lost the top position to the japanese fugaku supercomputer 75 in may 2022 the ornl frontier system broke the exascale barrier 76 achieving 1 102 exaflop s using 8 730 112 cores since 1992 the center for computational sciences has overseen high performance computing at ornl it manages the oak ridge leadership computing facility that contains the machines 77 in 2012 jaguar was upgraded to the xk7 platform a fundamental change as gpus are used for the majority of processing and renamed titan titan performed at 17 59 petaflops and held the number 1 spot on the top500 list for november 2012 78 other computers include a 77 node cluster to visualise data that the larger machines output in the exploratory visualization environment for research in science and technology everest a visualisation room with a 10 by 3 metre 30 by 10 ft wall that displays 35 megapixel projections 79 80 smoky is an 80 node linux cluster used for application development research projects are refined and tested on smoky before running on larger machines such as titan 81 in 1989 programmers at the oak ridge national lab wrote the first version of parallel virtual machine pvm software that enables distributed computing on machines of differing specifications 82 83 84 jack dongarra of ornl and the university of tennessee wrote the linpack software library and linpack benchmarks used to calculate linear algebra and the standard method of measuring floating point performance of a supercomputer as used by the top500 organisation 69 85 laboratory directors edit the following persons served as director of oak ridge national laboratory 86 no image director term start term end refs 1 martin d whitaker 1943 1945 2 james lum 1945 1947 3 prescott sandidge 1947 1948 4 nelson rucker 1948 1950 5 clarence larson 1950 1955 6 alvin m weinberg 1955 1973 7 floyd culler 1973 1974 8 herman postma 1974 1988 interim alex zucker 1988 1989 87 9 alvin trivelpiece january 1 1989 march 31 2000 88 89 10 william madia april 1 2000 2003 90 91 11 jeff wadsworth august 1 2003 june 30 2007 92 93 12 thomas mason july 1 2007 june 30 2017 94 95 13 thomas zacharia july 1 2017 december 31 2022 96 97 14 stephen streiffer october 16 2023 present 98 99 notable people edit elda emma anderson ilias belharouak manson benedict leslie benmark jane blankenship everitt p blizard lyle benjamin borst hermann bottenbruch marilyn a brown paula cable dunlap thure e cerling robert coveyou sheldon datz jack dongarra john h ebersole julie ezold john h gibbons amit goyal eugene guth michael heath linda horton alston scott householder chun hway hsueh george samuel hurst mujaddid ahmed ijaz sergei v kalinin william rudolph kanne cresson kearny tamara g kolda clarence larson henri a levy dan lindsley herbert g macpherson william madia thomas mason jim may dade moeller g william morgan karl z morgan stephen e nagler jagdish narayan peter nellist c maurice patterson clarice phelps frances pleasonton ward plummer herman postma red raper hyman g rickover larry robinson amy rosemond liane russell clifford shull dorothy martin simon david joseph singh nicholas m smith jr olaf storaasli stephen streiffer jan b talbot arpad vass alvin m weinberg eugene wigner ernest o wollan ying xu herbert york gale j young thomas zacharia see also edit american museum of science and energy brookhaven national laboratory center for nanophase materials sciences k 25 gaseous diffusion plant los alamos national laboratory national transportation research center pacific northwest national laboratory s 50 manhattan project sandia national laboratory spallation neutron source thorium energy alliance united states department of energy national laboratories and technology centers uss oak ridge commissioned in 1944 y 12 national security complex notes and 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