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8 494 4 6 2021 14 223 942 5 8 source statistics canada population edit in the 2021 census ontario had a population of 14 223 942 living in 5 491 201 of its 5 929 250 total dwellings a 5 8 per cent change from its 2016 population of 13 448 494 with a land area of 892 411 76 square kilometres 344 562 11 square miles it had a population density of 15 9 km 2 41 3 sq mi in 2021 4 the largest population centres in ontario are toronto ottawa hamilton kitchener london and oshawa which all have more than 300 000 inhabitants ethnicity edit main article demographics of ontario ethnic origins the percentages given below add to more than 100 because of dual responses e g french and canadian response generates an entry both in the category french canadian and in the category canadian the majority of ontarians are of english or other european descent including large scottish irish and italian communities slightly less than 5 of the population of ontario is franco ontarian that is those whose native tongue is french although those with french ancestry account for 11 of the population compared to natural increase or interprovincial migration immigration is a huge population growth force in ontario as it has been over the last two centuries more recent sources of immigrants with large or growing communities in ontario include east asians south asians caribbeans latin americans europeans and africans 61 most populations have settled in the larger urban centres visible minorities and indigenous peoples edit main article demographics of ontario visible minorities and aboriginals in 2021 34 3 of the population consisted of visible minorities and 2 9 of the population was indigenous mostly of first nations and métis descent there was also a small number of inuit in the province the number of indigenous people and visible minorities has been increasing at a faster rate than the general population of ontario 62 visible minority and indigenous population canada 2021 census 63 population group population european note 1 8 807 805 62 8 visible minority group south asian 1 515 295 10 8 chinese 820 245 5 8 black 768 740 5 5 filipino 363 650 2 6 arab 284 215 2 0 latin american 249 190 1 8 southeast asian 167 845 1 2 west asian 212 185 1 5 korean 99 425 0 7 japanese 31 420 0 2 visible minority n i e 124 120 0 9 multiple visible minorities 181 025 1 3 total visible minority population 4 817 360 34 3 indigenous group first nations north american indian 251 030 1 8 métis 134 615 1 0 inuk inuit 4 310 0 0 multiple indigenous responses 7 115 0 1 indigenous responses n i e 9 515 0 1 total indigenous population 406 585 2 9 total population 14 031 750 100 0 religion edit main article demographics of ontario religion in 2021 52 1 of the population was christian with the largest religious denominations being the roman catholic church with 26 0 of the population and the united church of canada with 4 1 other religions included islam 6 7 hinduism 4 1 31 6 of ontarians had no religious affiliation 64 the major religious groups in ontario in 2021 were religion people total 14 031 750 100 no religious affiliation 4 433 675 31 6 catholic 3 654 825 26 0 protestant 2 187 685 15 6 other christians 1 143 450 8 15 muslim 942 990 6 7 hindu 573 700 4 1 christian orthodox 329 850 2 35 sikh 300 435 2 1 jewish 196 100 1 4 buddhist 164 215 1 2 other religions 104 830 0 7 in ontario catholics are represented by the assembly of catholic bishops of ontario 65 and the anglicans by the ecclesiastical province of ontario 66 language edit main article demographics of ontario language see also franco ontarian map of french language ability according to the 2021 census english and french displayed on a gantry sign communities with sizeable francophone populations are able to receive provincial services in french as of the 2021 canadian census the ten most spoken languages in the province included english 13 650 230 or 97 28 french 1 550 545 or 11 05 mandarin 467 420 or 3 33 hindi 436 125 or 3 11 spanish 401 205 or 2 86 punjabi 397 865 or 2 84 cantonese 352 135 or 2 51 arabic 342 860 or 2 44 italian 312 800 or 2 23 and urdu 295 175 or 2 1 67 note 2 the principal language of ontario is english the province s de facto official language 68 with approximately 97 2 of ontarians having proficiency in the language although only 69 5 of ontarians reported english as their mother tongue in the 2016 census 69 english is one of two official languages of canada with the other being french english and french are the official languages of the courts in ontario approximately 4 6 of the population identified as francophone 70 note 3 and a total of 11 5 of ontarians reported having proficiency in french 69 approximately 11 2 of ontarians reported being bilingual in both english and french 69 approximately 2 5 of ontarians have no proficiency in either english or french 69 franco ontarians are concentrated in the northeastern eastern and extreme southern parts of the province where under the french language services act 71 provincial government services are required to be available in french if at least 10 of a designated area s population report french as their native language or if an urban centre has at least 5 000 francophones other languages spoken by residents include arabic bengali cantonese dutch german greek gujarati hindi hebrew italian korean malayalam mandarin marathi persian polish portuguese punjabi russian sinhalese somali spanish tagalog telugu tamil tibetan ukrainian urdu and vietnamese 72 economy edit main article economy of ontario ontario is canada s leading manufacturing province accounting for 52 of the total national manufacturing shipments in 2004 73 ontario s largest trading partner is the american state of michigan in april 2012 moody s bond rating agency rated ontario debt at aa2 stable 74 while s p rated it aa 75 dominion bond rating service rated it aa low in january 2013 76 long known as a bastion of canadian manufacturing and financial solvency ontario s public debt to gdp ratio is projected to be 38 4 in fiscal year 2023 2024 77 container ship at algoma steel the great lakes provide ocean access for industries in the province s interior mining and the forest products industry notably pulp and paper are vital to the economy of northern ontario as of 2011 roughly 200 000 ha are clearcut each year herbicides for hardwood suppression are applied to a third of the total 78 there has been controversy over the ring of fire mineral deposit and whether the province can afford to spend cad 2 25 billion on a road from the trans canada highway near kenora to the deposit currently valued at cad 60 billion 79 an abundance of natural resources excellent transportation links to the north american heartland and the inland great lakes making ocean access possible via container ships have all contributed to making manufacturing the principal industry of the province found mainly in the golden horseshoe region which is the largest industrialized area in canada the southern end of the region being part of the north american rust belt important products include motor vehicles iron steel food electrical appliances machinery chemicals and paper hamilton is the largest steel manufacturing city in canada followed closely by sault ste marie and sarnia is the centre for petrochemical production construction employed more than 6 5 of the province s work force in june 2011 80 ontario s steel industry was once centred in hamilton hamilton harbour which can be seen from the qew skyway bridge is an industrial wasteland u s steel owned stelco announced in the autumn of 2013 that it would close in 2014 with the loss of 875 jobs the move flummoxed a union representative who seemed puzzled why a plant with capacity of 2 million tonnes per annum would be shut while canada imported 8 million tonnes of steel the previous year 81 algoma steel maintains a plant in sault ste marie a worker at the oakville assembly installs a battery in an automobile the automotive industry is a contributor to the economy of ontario ontario surpassed michigan in car production assembling more than 2 696 000 vehicles in 2004 ontario has chrysler plants in windsor and bramalea two general motor gm plants in oshawa and one in ingersoll a honda assembly plant in alliston ford motor company ford plants in oakville and st thomas and toyota assembly plants in cambridge and woodstock however as a result of steeply declining sales in 2005 gm announced massive layoffs at production facilities across north america including two large gm plants in oshawa and a drive train facility in st catharines that resulted in 8 000 job losses in ontario alone in 2006 ford announced between 25 000 and 30 000 layoffs phased until 2012 ontario was spared the worst but job losses were announced for the st thomas facility and the windsor casting plant however these losses will be offset by ford s recent announcement of a hybrid vehicle facility slated to begin production in 2007 at its oakville plant and gm s re introduction of the camaro which will be produced in oshawa in december 2008 toyota announced the grand opening of the toyota rav4 plant in woodstock 82 and honda also plans to add an engine plant at its facility in alliston despite these new plants coming online ontario has not yet fully recovered following massive layoffs during the great recession its unemployment rate was 7 3 in may 2013 83 compared to 8 7 in january 2010 84 and approximately 6 in 2007 in september 2013 the ontario government committed ca 70 9 million to the ford plant in oakville while the federal government committed cad 71 1mn to secure 2 800 jobs 85 the province has lost 300 000 manufacturing jobs in the decade from 2003 and the bank of canada noted that while the energy and mining industries have benefitted from these movements the pressure on the manufacturing sector has intensified since many firms in this sector were already dealing with growing competition from low cost economies such as china 86 87 toronto s financial district serves as the centre for canada s financial services toronto and more broadly the greater toronto area is a commercial distribution financial and industrial centre it is the centre of canada s financial sector including insurance and banking services neighbouring cities are home to product distribution it centres and manufacturing industries canada s federal government is the largest single employer in the national capital region which centres on the border cities of ontario s ottawa and quebec s gatineau 88 89 the information technology sector is important particularly in the silicon valley north section of ottawa home to canada s largest technology park 90 it is also important in the waterloo region where the headquarters of blackberry is located 91 tourism contributes heavily to the economy of central ontario peaking during the summer months owing to the abundance of fresh water recreation and wilderness found there in reasonable proximity to the major urban centres at other times of the year hunting skiing and snowmobiling are popular this region has some of the most vibrant fall colour displays anywhere on the continent and tours directed at overseas visitors are organized to see them tourism also plays a key role in border cities with large casinos among them windsor cornwall sarnia and niagara falls the latter of which attracts millions of us and other international visitors 92 agriculture edit aerial view of farms in waterloo a significant portion of the land in southern ontario is used as farmland once the dominant industry agriculture now uses a small percentage of the workforce massey ferguson a farm implement manufacturer was originally founded in the province in 1847 before eventually expanding internationally 93 as the following table shows while the number of individual farms has steadily decreased and their overall size has shrunk at a lower rate greater mechanization has supported increased supply to satisfy the ever increasing demands of a growing population base this has also meant a gradual increase in the total amount of land used for growing crops ontario farming 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 number of farms 72 713 68 633 67 520 59 728 57 211 total hectares 5 646 582 5 451 379 5 616 860 5 466 233 5 386 453 acres 13 953 009 13 470 652 13 879 565 13 507 358 13 310 217 planted crops hectares 3 457 966 3 411 667 3 544 927 3 656 705 3 660 941 acres 8 544 821 8 430 438 8 759 707 9 035 916 9 046 383 source statistics canada census of agriculture 94 v t e vineyard prince edward county common types of farms reported in the 2001 census include those for cattle small grains and dairy the fruit and wine industry is primarily on the niagara peninsula prince edward county and along the northern shore of lake erie where tobacco farms are also situated market vegetables grow in the rich soils of the holland marsh near newmarket the area near windsor is also very fertile the area defined as the corn belt covers much of the southwestern area of the province extending as far north as close to goderich but corn and soy are grown throughout the southern portion of the province apple orchards are a common sight along the southern shore of nottawasaga bay part of georgian bay near collingwood and along the northern shore of lake ontario near cobourg tobacco production centred in norfolk county has decreased allowing an increase in alternative crops such as hazelnuts and ginseng southern ontario s limited supply of agricultural land is going out of production at an increasing rate urban sprawl and farmland severances contribute to the loss of thousands of acres of productive agricultural land in ontario each year over 2 000 farms and 150 000 acres 61 000 ha of farmland in the gta alone were lost to production in the two decades between 1976 and 1996 this loss represented approximately 18 of ontario s class 1 farmland being converted to urban purposes in addition increasing rural severances provide ever greater interference with agricultural production 95 in an effort to protect the farmland and green spaces of the national capital region and greater toronto area the federal 96 and provincial governments introduced greenbelts around ottawa 97 and the golden horseshoe limiting urban development in these areas 98 energy edit see also energy policy of canada renewable energy in canada and smart grid ontario s rivers make it rich in hydroelectric energy 99 in 2009 ontario power generation generated 70 of the province s electricity of which 51 is nuclear 39 is hydroelectric and 10 is fossil fuel derived 100 by 2025 nuclear power is projected to supply 42 while fossil fuel derived generation is projected to decrease slightly over the next 20 years 101 much of the newer power generation coming online in the last few years is natural gas or combined cycle natural gas plants opg is not however responsible for the transmission of power which is under the contro...