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Text of the page (random words):
pa hng language wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 classification 2 names 3 varieties 4 distribution toggle distribution subsection 4 1 china 4 2 vietnam 5 phonology toggle phonology subsection 5 1 consonants 5 2 vowels 5 3 tones 6 see also 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents pa hng language 13 languages asturianu brezhoneg español français galego igbo piemontèis русский kiswahili ไทย tiếng việt 吴语 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia hmong mien language of china and vietnam pa hng pateng pronunciation pa31 ŋ̊ŋ35 native to china vietnam native speakers 34 000 cited 1995 2009 1 language family hmong mien hmongic bahengic pa hng language codes iso 639 3 pha glottolog pahn1237 pa hng is classified as vulnerable by the unesco atlas of the world s languages in danger pa hng also spelled pa hung 巴哼语 bāhēng yǔ is a divergent hmongic miao language spoken in guizhou guangxi and hunan in southern china as well as northern vietnam classification edit pa hng has long been recognized as divergent benedict 1986 argued that one of its dialects constituted a separate branch of the miao yao family ratliff found it to be the most divergent hmongic miao language that she analyzed 2 this bahengic branch also includes younuo yuno and wunai hm nai 3 names edit pa hng speakers are called by the following names 3 pa31 ŋ̥ŋ35 巴哼 m̥m35 nai33 唔奈 red yao 红瑶 flowery yao 花瑶 eight surname yao 八姓瑶 in liping county guizhou the dong people call the pa hng ka31 jiu33 嘎优 while the miao people call them ta55 tia52 ju33 大达优 4 in tongdao county hunan the pa hng xeŋ33 are also known as the seven surname yao 七姓瑶 since they have the seven surnames of shen 沈 lan 兰 dai 戴 deng 邓 ding 丁 pu 蒲 and feng 奉 5 in china pa hng speakers are classified as yao even though their language is hmongic rather than mienic varieties edit mao li 1997 splits pa hng into the following subdivisions and most closely related to hm nai pa hng proper 巴哼 pa31 ŋ̥ŋ35 northern southern hm nai 唔奈 m̥m35 nai33 vocabulary word lists for these three pa hng varieties can be found in mao li 1997 an additional dialect is found in vietnam northern pa hng gundong 滚董 liping county 黎平 guizhou southern pa hng wenjie 文界 sanjiang county 三江 guangxi hm nai huxingshan 虎形山 longhui county 隆回 hunan the na e dialect also known by the vietnamese rendition of pa hng pà then pateng is a geographic outlier paul benedict 1986 argued that it is not actually pa hng or even hmongic but a separate branch of the miao yao language family 6 however strecker 1987 responded that it does appear to be a pa hng dialect though it has some peculiarities and that pa hng as a whole is divergent 7 jerold a edmondson has reported pa hng dialects in bac quang district and hong quang village of chiem hoa district in northern vietnam and found that they were most closely related to the pa hng dialect spoken in gaoji township 高基 sanjiang county guangxi 8 distribution edit china edit pa hng speakers are distributed in the following counties in china most of the counties have 1 000 6 000 pa hng speakers mao li 1997 hunan longhui county shaoyang hm nai speakers hm nai huxingshan 虎形山乡 xiaoshajiang 小沙江乡 motang 磨塘乡 dashuitian 大水田乡 dongkou county shaoyang hm nai speakers chenxi county huaihua hm nai speakers xupu county huaihua hm nai speakers tongdao county huaihua hm nai speakers 1 779 people 2000 in chuansu township 传素瑶族乡 and linkou township 临口镇 in shangdong 上洞村 and xiadong 下洞村 villages 5 highly endangered status 9 chengbu miao autonomous county shaoyang xinning county shaoyang suining county shaoyang 100 speakers guizhou liping county northern pa hng gundong 滚董乡 shunhua 顺化乡 congjiang county southern pa hng gaomang 高忙乡 guangxi rongshui county 12 000 speakers northern pa hng dalang 大浪乡 danian 大年乡 antai 安太乡 dongtou 洞头乡 gunbei 滚贝乡 wangdong 汪洞乡 gandong 杆洞乡 huaibao 怀宝镇 9 southern pa hng baiyun 白云乡 dalang 大浪乡 anchui 安陲乡 xiangfen 香粉乡 sanjiang county northern pa hng tongle 同乐乡 laobao 老堡乡 southern pa hng wenjie 文界乡 liangkou 良口乡 longsheng county southern pa hng sanmen 三门乡 pingdeng 平等乡 lingui county 13 other counties vietnam edit main article pà thẻn people pa hng is also spoken in small pockets of northern vietnam in vietnam the pa hng are an officially recognized ethnic group numbering around a few thousand people where they are called pà thẻn na e as reported by bonifacy 1905 is also found in northern vietnam tân trịnh quang bình district hà giang province vietnam 10 11 bắc quang district hà giang province vietnam 8 12 minh thương village tân lập township tân thịnh township hồng quang village chiêm hoá district tuyên quang province 62 km northwest of chiêm hoá city where the speakers are known as mèo hoa flowery miao 12 according to vu 13 the ancestors of the pà thẻn had first migrated from guangxi to hải ninh now quảng ninh province and then from hải ninh to the thái nguyên area the pà thẻn then split off to settle in three main areas linh phú chiêm hoá district tuyên quang and trung sơn yên sơn district tuyên quang lăng can na hang district tuyên quang hồng quang chiêm hoá district tuyên quang and hữu sản bắc quang district hà giang from xuân minh quang bình district hà giang the pà thẻn migrated to the communes of yên bình yên thành tân trịnh tân nam all in quang bình district hà giang and tân lập bắc quang district hà giang phonology edit consonants edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed august 2026 learn how and when to remove this message labial alveolar alveolo palatal velar uvular glottal plain pal plain pal plain lab plain lab nasal voiced m mʲ n ȵ ŋ voiceless m̥ m̥ʲ n̥ ȵ̊ ŋ̊ breathy mʱ mʲʱ nʱ ȵʱ ŋʱ stop affricate voiceless p pʲ t tɕ k kʷ q qʷ ʔ aspirated pʰ pʲʰ tʰ tɕʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ breathy pʱ pʲʱ tʱ tɕʱ kʱ kʷʱ qʱ prenasal ᵐp ᵐpʲ ⁿt ᶮtɕ ᵑk ᶰq prenasal breathy ᵐpʱ ᵐpʲʱ ⁿtʱ ᶮtɕʱ ᵑkʱ ᶰqʱ fricative f s ɕ x h approximant voiceless l̥ l̥ʲ voiced ʋ l lʲ j w breathy ʋʱ lʱ lʱʲ jʱ alveolar sounds t tʰ n n̥ nʱ are heard as retroflex ʈ ʈʰ ɳ ɳ̊ ɳʱ in the laobao dialect vowels edit front central back oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal close i ĩ ɨ u ũ near close ɪ ɪ̃ close mid e ẽ ɤ o õ open mid ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ open a ã ɑ ɑ̃ syllabic m̩ n̩ ŋ̍ i can also be centralized to ɨ or ʉ when following initial sounds 14 10 3 tones edit pa hng is a tonal language it has 8 tones 15 tone value example 16 1 35 mei³ 2 33 mei³³ 3 31 m̥ei³¹ 4 11 tau¹¹ 5 55 ɫ̥a 6 44 kwhi44 7 53 tjhei ³ 8 42 nei42 see also edit pa hng comparative vocabulary list wiktionary references edit pa hng at ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required ratliff martha 2010 hmong mien language history canberra pacific linguistics australian national university hdl 1885 146760 isbn 978 0 85883 615 0 1 2 3 毛 宗武 máo zōngwǔ 李 云兵 lǐ yúnbīng 1997 bā hēng yǔ yánjiū 巴哼语研究 a study of baheng pa hng shanghai 上海远东出版社 shànghǎi yuǎndōng chūbǎn shè guizhou province gazetteer ethnic gazetteer 贵州省志 民族志 2002 guiyang guizhou ethnic publishing house 貴州民族出版社 1 2 tongdao dong autonomous county ethnic gazetteer 通道侗族自治县民族志 2004 benedict paul 1986 miao yao enigma the na e language linguistics of the tibeto burman area 9 1 89 90 strecker david fall 1987 some comments on benedict s miao yao enigma the na e language pdf linguistics of the tibeto burman area 10 2 22 42 strecker david fall 1987 some comments on benedict s miao yao enigma the na e language addendum pdf linguistics of the tibeto burman area 10 2 43 53 1 2 map language descriptions borderlands lesser known indigenous languages of northern vietnam archived from the original on 2012 02 07 retrieved 2012 05 09 1 2 毛宗武 mao zongwu 优诺语研究 younuo yu yan jiu a study of younuo beijing 民族出版社 min zu chu ban she 2007 1 2 niederer barbara 1997 notes comparatives sur le pa hng cahiers de linguistique asie orientale 26 1 71 130 doi 10 3406 clao 1997 1506 niederer barbara 2004 pa hng and the classification of the hmong mien languages in tapp n michaud j culas c lee g yai eds hmong miao in asia bangkok silkworm books pp 129 146 1 2 edmondson j a gregerson k j 2001 adams k l hudak t j eds four languages of the vietnam china borderlands papers from the sixth annual meeting of the southeast asian linguistics society tempe arizona state university program for southeast asian studies 101 133 vũ quốc khánh 2013 người pà thẻn ở việt nam the pa then in vietnam hà nội nhà xuất bản thông tấn pp 12 15 edmondson jerold a 1992 pa hng development and diversity in ratliff m schiller e eds papers from the first annual meeting of the southeast asian linguistics society pdf arizona state university program for southeast asian studies pp 159 186 chen 1996 p 68 examples from chen 1996 p 67 68 external links edit pa hng and hm nai comparative vocabulary list on wiktionary 6 dialects compared abvd pa hng gundong word list yao of malin township xinning county hunan https web archive org web 20131202224052 http cema gov vn modules php name content op details mid 524 v t e hmong mien languages hmongic bahengic pa hng hm nai sheic she kiong nai pa na younuo west hmongic hmong small flowery gha mu big flowery a hmao mashan guiyang mo piu huishui pingtang luobohe gejia dongjia xixiu bu nao bunu nao klao numao xong xong hmuic hmu raojia ná meo sanqiao mienic iu mien biao mon kim mun biao min dzao min yangchun pai yao mixed languages lingling maojia dong yeheni shanke younian proto languages proto hmong mien proto hmongic proto mienic v t e languages of china official standard chinese varieties of chinese danzhou mandarin northeastern beijing ji lu jiao liao zhongyuan lan yin jin southwestern sichuanese southeastern gan hakka hui mai min southern hokkien teoswa hainanese eastern puxian central northern shaojiang pinghua shaozhou tuhua shanke wu chu qu jiangshan qingtian quzhou oujiang taihu jinxiang northwestern changzhou hangzhou northern zhejiang ningbo shaoxing su jia hu shanghainese suzhou wuxi taizhou taizhou proper wuzhou jinhua xuanzhou xiang new old yue cantonese regional ars sars cantonese hk mc english hk mongolian nm portuguese mc tibetan xz uyghur xj zhuang gx prefecture hmong kam bouyei tujia korean qiang yi kyrgyz kazakh tai nüa tai lü zaiwa lisu bai hani zhuang counties banners numerous indigenous sino tibetan languages lolo burmese mondzish kathu maang manga mango maza mondzi muangphe burmish achang chashan lashi lhao vo pela xiandao zaiwa loloish hanoish akeu akha amu angluo asuo baihong bisu budu bukong cosao duoni duota enu habei hani honi jino kabie kaduo lami laomian laopin mpi muda nuobi nuomei phana piyo qidi sadu sangkong suobi tsukong woni yiche lisoish eka hlersu kua nsi kuamasi laizisi lalo lamu lavu lawu limi lipo lisu lolopo mangdi micha mili sonaga toloza xuzhang yangliu zibusi nisoish alingpo alugu aluo axi azha azhe bokha gepo khlula lope moji muji muzi nasu nisu nuosu phala phola phowa phukha phuma phupa phupha phuza samei sani thopho zokhuo other gokhy katso kucong lahu naruo namuyi naxi nusu samu sanie zauzou qiangic baima choyo ersu guiqiong horpa japhug khroskyabs laze lizu na muya namuyi naxi pumi northern qiang southern qiang shixing situ tshobdun zbu zhaba tibetic amdo baima basum central tibetan choni dao dongwang drugchu groma gserpa khalong khams kyirong ladakhi tseku zhongu zitsadegu other bai caijia derung jingpo longjia nung tujia waxianghua other languages austroasiatic auva avala bit blang bolyu bugan bumang hu kuan mang man met muak sa aak palaung riang u va northern southern wa hmong mien hmongic a hmao bu nao gejia guiyang hm nai hmong hmu huishui kiong nai luobohe mashan pa hng pa na pingtang qo xiong raojia sanqiao sheyu small flowery xixiu younuo mienic biao min dzao min iu mien kim mun mongolic bonan buryat daur eastern yugur kangjia khamnigan monguor oirat ordos santa torgut kra dai zhuang bouyei dai min ningming nong tai dam tai dón tai hongjin tai lü tai nüa tai ya yang yei other ai cham biao buyang cao miao chadong cun gelao hlai jiamao kam lakkja mak maonan mulam naxi yao ong be paha qabiao sui then tungusic evenki manchu nanai oroqen xibe turkic äynu fuyu kyrgyz ili turki salar western yugur other sarikoli indo european tsat austronesian formosan languages austronesian minority kazakh korean kyrgyz russian esperanto tatar tuvan uzbek vietnamese kinh wakhi creole mixed e hezhou lingling macanese maojia qoqmončaq tangwang wutun extinct ba shu jie khitan old yue rouran saka tangut tocharian tuoba tuyuhun xianbei zhangzhung sign chinese sign hong kong sign tibetan sign gx guangxi hk hong kong mc macau nm inner mongolia xj xinjiang xz tibet retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title pa hng_language oldid 1370628542 categories hmongic languages languages of vietnam languages of guizhou languages of guangxi languages of hunan vulnerable languages endangered languages of china endangered languages of asia hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages containing links to subscription only content language articles citing ethnologue 18 pages with plain ipa language articles with old ethnologue 18 speaker data articles containing chinese language text cs1 uses chinese language script zh articles needing additional references from august 2026 all 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