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s and giants and their representation in extinct faunas paleontologists draw from public funding and use appeals to gain sponsorships but the public aspect also overshadows some portions of the field to the benefit of others there is an overwhelming focus in paleontology on the study of dinosaurs or specific geographical regions with the most iconic taxa almost exclusively coming from the late 19th and early 20th century excavations in north america the marketing to children of paleontological items can make the field be regarded as childish and undermine the utility of the science in popular consciousness 63 victorian iguanodon sculptures in crystal palace park public perception of paleontology goes back to mythological interpretations of fossils discovery by numerous indigenous peoples of many continents traditional chinese medicine made use of pleistocene mammal fossils as dragon bones or dragon teeth indigenous peoples of australia and north america made reference to landforms and fossils and fossils have been interpreted as nephilim mentioned in the book of genesis by european and north american christianity early reconstructions of deep time following the foundation of paleontology saw paleoartistic reconstructions of past ecosystems including the creation of the crystal palace dinosaurs sculptures and landscaping in the 1850s under the direction of benjamin waterhouse hawkins hawkins would also create the first free standing skeletal mount of a dinosaur in the 1860s hadrosaurus at the academy of natural sciences in philadelphia the bone wars between american paleontologists othniel charles marsh and edward drinker cope in the late 19th century engaged with the media at the time and has since been used as a common popular narrative of paleontology through novels comics popular books and even a musical following marsh and cope a second american dinosaur rush occurred at the start of the 20th century when new museums and institutions aimed to excavate and display the highest quality dinosaur fossils or replicas of them accompanied by paleoart news media and exchanges with overseas institutions 64 this exploitation for popular appeal also intertwined paleontology of the time with imperialism as fossils from africa asia and south america were excavated and taken by north american and european institutions 63 entrance arch to jurassic park at universal islands of adventure further public engagement of paleontology has taken the form of fictional novels and films focused on paleontology and dinosaurs beginning with stone age europeans in stories of the 1890s but notably with the publication of the lost world by arthur conan doyle in 1912 paleontology would be characterized by many tropes in the 1920s to 1940s including film adaptation of the book as well as king kong and fantasia popular representations of paleontology declined coinciding with the cold war but resurged in the 1970s with numerous popular works such as the dinosaur heresies by paleontologist robert bakker and papers by john ostrom that reframed dinosaurs as active animals in a time termed the dinosaur renaissance the most significant establishment of paleontology in public was in the 1990s with the publications of the jurassic park novel by michael crichton and the subsequent steven spielberg film where the story frames warmings about scientific development and genetic technology the expansion of interest in paleontology has been met with the creation of new institutions globally to study and preserve fossils but the focus since the jurassic park works has been on dinosaurs new media have risen to paleontological blogs and podcasts and a greater online presence of those in the field conjectural forms of paleoart have arisen that engage with new science and the boundaries between an artist hobbyist and professional have blurred paleontology has significant amounts of public outreach to drive its engagement and maintain its presence in the public sphere and this public significance has in turn led to additional resources recognition and funding for the science 63 palaeontology has contributed to tourism in some areas for example the jurassic coast and the isle of wight both in southern england peace river florida and dinosaur national monument which is spread across colorado and utah 65 66 67 68 references edit bainbridge david february 8 2022 paleontology an illustrated history princeton university press doi 10 2307 j ctv1vtz8q8 isbn 978 0 691 23592 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 hall b k 2002 palaeontology and evolutionary developmental biology a science of the nineteenth and twenty first centuries palaeontology 45 4 647 669 bibcode 2002palgy 45 647h doi 10 1111 1475 4983 00253 1 2 3 simpson g g 1961 some problems of vertebrate paleontology the study of fossil vertebrates elucidates the general principles of evolutionary biology science 133 3465 1679 1689 doi 10 1126 science 133 3465 1679 pmid 17814746 cowen r 2000 preface history of life blackwell 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