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t of human nonverbal communication using vocalizations hand gestures and facial expressions there is some evidence that they can recreate human speech 76 research into the chimpanzee brain has revealed that when chimpanzees communicate an area in the brain is activated which is in the same position as the language center called broca s area in human brains 77 aggression adult common chimpanzees particularly males can be very aggressive they are highly territorial and are known to kill others of their species 78 common chimpanzee with hunted bushbuck on a tree in gombe stream national park hunting chimpanzees also engage in targeted hunting of smaller primates such as the red colobus 79 and bush babies 80 81 males who acquire the meat may share it with females to have sex or for grooming 82 puzzle solving in february 2013 a study found that chimpanzees solve puzzles for entertainment 83 chimpanzees in human history gregoire 62 year old chimpanzee chimpanzees as well as other apes had also been purported to have been known to ancient writers but mainly as myths and legends on the edge of european and near eastern societal consciousness apes are mentioned variously by aristotle the english word ape translates hebrew קוף qof in english translations of the bible 1 kings 10 22 but the word may refer to a monkey rather than an ape proper the first of these early transcontinental chimpanzees came from angola and were presented as a gift to frederick henry prince of orange in 1640 and were followed by a few of its brethren over the next several years scientists described these first chimpanzees as pygmies and noted the animals distinct similarities to humans the next two decades a number of the creatures were imported into europe mainly acquired by various zoological gardens as entertainment for visitors hugo rheinhold s c 1893 affe mit schädel ape with skull charles darwin s theory of natural selection published in 1859 spurred scientific interest in chimpanzees as in much of life science leading eventually to numerous studies of the animals in the wild and captivity the observers of chimpanzees at the time were mainly interested in behaviour as it related to that of humans this was less strictly and disinterestedly scientific than it might sound with much attention being focused on whether or not the animals had traits that could be considered good the intelligence of chimpanzees was often significantly exaggerated as immortalized in hugo rheinhold s affe mit schädel see image left by the end of the 19th century chimpanzees remained very much a mystery to humans with very little factual scientific information available citation needed in the 20th century a new age of scientific research into chimpanzee behaviour began before 1960 almost nothing was known about chimpanzee behaviour in their natural habitats in july of that year jane goodall set out to tanzania s gombe forest to live among the chimpanzees where she primarily studied the members of the kasakela chimpanzee community her discovery that chimpanzees made and used tools was groundbreaking as humans were previously believed to be the only species to do so the most progressive early studies on chimpanzees were spearheaded primarily by wolfgang köhler and robert yerkes both of whom were renowned psychologists both men and their colleagues established laboratory studies of chimpanzees focused specifically on learning about the intellectual abilities of chimpanzees particularly problem solving this typically involved basic practical tests on laboratory chimpanzees which required a fairly high intellectual capacity such as how to solve the problem of acquiring an out of reach banana notably yerkes also made extensive observations of chimpanzees in the wild which added tremendously to the scientific understanding of chimpanzees and their behaviour yerkes studied chimpanzees until world war ii while köhler concluded five years of study and published his famous mentality of apes in 1925 which is coincidentally when yerkes began his analyses eventually concluding chimpanzees manifest intelligent behaviour of the general kind familiar in human beings a type of behaviour which counts as specifically human 1925 84 chimpanzee at the los angeles zoo the august 2008 issue of the american journal of primatology reported results of a year long study of chimpanzees in tanzania s mahale mountains national park which produced evidence of chimpanzees becoming sick from viral infectious diseases they had likely contracted from humans molecular microscopic and epidemiological investigations demonstrated the chimpanzees living at mahale mountains national park have been suffering from a respiratory disease that is likely caused by a variant of a human paramyxovirus 85 conservation see also animal testing on non human primates chimpanzees in the u s the us fish and wildlife service finalized a rule on june 12 2015 creating very strict regulations practically barring any activity with chimpanzees other than for scientific preservation oriented purposes 86 see also anthropopithecus bili ape chimp haven chimpanzee genome project dian fossey great ape personhood jane goodall list of apes monkey day prostitution among animals chimpanzees the third chimpanzee notes at the onset of thunderstorms or sudden wind gusts chimpanzee males hair bristles they perform spectacular aggression displays charging waying back and forth breaking off and brandishing branches such displays are performed more often toward the beginning of the rainy season rain dance is habitual at tai forest and budongo and customary at gombe mahale m mahale k and kibale whiten et al 1999 75 references groves c p 2005 wilson d e reeder d m eds mammal species of the world a taxonomic and geographic reference 3rd ed baltimore johns hopkins university press pp 182 3 isbn 0 801 88221 4 oclc 62265494 wood b et al 2013 wiley blackwell encyclopedia of human evolution paperback ed wiley isbn 978 1 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