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edit the trone pound is one of a number of obsolete scottish units of measurement it was equivalent to between 21 and 28 avoirdupois ounces about 600 800 g 21 28 oz metric pound edit in many countries upon the introduction of a metric system the pound or its translation became an historic and obsolete term although some have kept it as an informal term without a specific value in german the term is pfund in french livre in dutch pond in spanish and portuguese libra in italian libbra and in danish and swedish pund though not from the same linguistic origin the chinese jīn 斤 also known as the catty in mainland china has a modern definition of exactly 500 g 18 oz divided into 10 liǎng 两 traditionally around 600 g 21 oz the jin has been in use for more than two thousand years varying in exact value from one period to another serving the same purpose as pound for the common use measure of weight in hong kong for the purposes of commerce and trade between britain and imperial china in the preceding centuries three chinese catties were equivalent to four british imperial pounds defining one catty as 604 78982 g 21 333333 oz in weight precisely hundreds of older pounds were replaced in this way examples of the older pounds are one of around 459 460 g 16 19 16 23 oz in spain portugal and latin america one of 498 1 g 17 57 oz in norway and several different ones in what is now germany from the introduction of the kilogram scales and measuring devices are denominated only in grams and kilograms a pound of product must be determined by weighing the product in grams as the use of the pound is not sanctioned for trade within the european union 52 use in weaponry edit smoothbore cannon and carronades are currently designated by the weight in imperial pounds of round solid iron shot of diameter to fit the barrel a cannon that fires a six pound ball for example is called a six pounder standard sizes are 6 12 18 24 32 and 42 pounds 60 pounders and 68 pounders also exist along with other nonstandard weapons using the same scheme before the introduction of the metric system countries that produced their own artillery generally used their national pound for these designations see carronade a similar definition using lead balls exists for determining the gauge of shotguns and shotgun shells see also edit pound force slug unit notes edit the pound is often described as a unit of weight and the word weight can refer to either mass or force depending on context historically and in common parlance weight refers to mass but weight as used in modern physics is a force a difference of just 194 39673 milligrams anglo saxon king offa is credited with introducing the system of money to central and southern england in the latter half of the eighth century overseeing the minting of the earliest english silver pennies emblazoned with his name in practice they varied considerably in weight and 240 of them seldom added up to a pound there were at that time no larger denomination coins pounds and shillings were merely useful units of account 33 ed lowther bbc references edit 1 2 united states national bureau of standards 25 june 1959 notices refinement of values for the yard and the pound pdf retrieved 12 august 2006 ieee std 260 1 2004 ieee standard letter symbols for units of measurement si units customary inch pound units and certain other units fletcher leroy s shoup terry e 1978 introduction to engineering prentice hall isbn 978 0135018583 lccn 77024142 257 pound sign oxford english dictionary archived from the original on 3 april 2018 letterlike symbols range 2100 214f pdf the unicode standard version 15 0 unicode consortium p 2100 2123 retrieved 28 april 2011 2114 l b bar symbol the dictionary of medical and surgical knowledge 1864 retrieved 22 september 2016 oxford english dictionary s v pound research highlights of the national bureau of standards united states department of commerce national bureau of standards 1959 p 13 retrieved 12 july 2012 multiple sources appendix 8 vague national bureau of standards archived 18 january 2009 at the wayback machine bigg p h et al re determination of the values of the imperial standard pound and of its parliamentary copies in terms of the international kilogramme during the years 1960 and 1961 national physical laboratory pound avoirdupois sizes com archived 24 october 2019 at the wayback machine quoted by lord justice laws in the metric martyrs case thoburn v sunderland city council hunt v london borough of hackney harman dove v cornwall county council collins v london borough of sutton 2002 ewhc 195 admin 1 2 weights and measures act 1963 legislation gov uk the national archives 1963 c 31 eu gives up on metric britain bbc news 11 september 2007 retrieved 4 may 2015 kelly jon 21 december 2011 will british people ever think in metric bbc news retrieved 4 may 2015 appendix g weights and measures the world factbook central intelligence agency 17 january 2007 archived from the original on 13 june 2007 retrieved 4 february 2007 us 1988 law on metrification retrieved 21 september 2019 countries not using si 22 march 2011 retrieved 21 september 2019 zupko ronald edward 1977 british weights measures a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century univ of wisconsin press p 7 isbn 9780299073404 retrieved 27 november 2011 frederick george skinner 1967 weights and measures their ancient origins and their development in great britain up to a d 1855 h m s o p 65 isbn 9789140059550 retrieved 27 november 2011 chambers s encyclopaedia vol 14 pergamon press 1967 p 476 retrieved 27 november 2011 grains and drams ounces and pounds stones and tons personal notes 1 2 zupko ronald edward 1977 british weights measures a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century internet archive madison university of wisconsin press p 11 isbn 978 0 299 07340 4 cite book cs1 maint publisher location link zupko ronald edward 1977 british weights measures a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century internet archive madison university of wisconsin press p 78 isbn 978 0 299 07340 4 cite book cs1 maint publisher location link skinner f g 1952 the english yard and pound weight bulletin of the british society for the history of science 1 7 184 6 doi 10 1017 s0950563600000646 united states national bureau of standards 1962 weights and measures taylor francis pp 22 24 ggkey 4kxnz63bnuf retrieved 26 december 2011 1 2 3 barbrow l e judson l v 1976 weights and measures standards of the united states a brief history archived from the original on 11 may 2008 capotosto r 1983 200 original shop aids and jigs for woodworkers sterling publishing company inc united states national bureau of standards appendix c of nist handbook 44 specifications tolerances and other technical requirements for weighing and measuring devices general tables of units of measurement pdf p c 14 1 2 3 zupko ronald edward 1 december 1985 dictionary of weights and measures for the british isles the middle ages to the 20th century diane publishing isbn 0 87169 168 x status report of u s government gold reserve archived 3 october 2015 at the wayback machine bureau of the fiscal service ross lester a 1983 archaeological metrology english french american and canadian systems of weights and measures for north american historical archaeology pdf national historic parks and sites branch parks canada environment canada p 20 isbn 978 0 660 11336 4 kampmann ursula 29 april 2013 drachm dirham thaler pound money and currencies in history from earliest times to the euro conzett p 56 isbn 978 3 03760 029 0 chisholm hugh ed 1911 pound encyclopædia britannica vol 21 payn polka 11th ed cambridge university press p 115 lowther ed 14 february 2014 a short history of the pound bbc news bbc archived from the original on 21 july 2021 retrieved 22 july 2021 geva benjamin 1 november 2011 the payment order of antiquity and the middle ages a legal history bloomsbury p 88 isbn 978 1 84731 843 5 a proclamation of henry viii 5 november 1526 proclamation 112 in paul l hughes and james f larkin editors tudor royal proclamations volume 1 new haven yale university press 1964 archived 22 february 2014 at the wayback machine r d connor and a d c simpson weights and measures in scotland a european perspective national museums of scotland and tuckwell press 2004 page 116 quoting from h w chisholm seventh annual report of the warden for the standards for 1872 73 london 1873 quoting from 1864 house of commons paper archived 22 february 2014 at the wayback machine tower pound sizes com retrieved 17 september 2016 facsimile of first volume of ms archives of the worshipful company of grocers of the city of london a d 1345 1463 1886 the english manual of banking 1877 retrieved 17 september 2016 weights used for gold tax free gold retrieved 14 january 2011 a brief history of the pound the dozenal society of great britain retrieved 14 january 2011 1 2 ruffhead owen ed 1763a the statutes at large vol i from magna charta to the end of the reign of king henry the sixth to which is prefixed a table of the titles of all the publick and private statutes during that time london mark basket for the crown pp 148 149 in english in latin in norman united states national bureau of standards appendix c of nist handbook 44 specifications tolerances and other technical requirements for weighing and measuring devices general tables of units of measurement pdf archived from the original pdf on 26 november 2006 in great britain the yard the avoirdupois pound the troy pound and the apothecaries pound are identical with the units of the same names used in the united states the introduction to this appendix makes it clear that the appendix is only for convenience and has no normative value in most of the other tables only a limited number of decimal places are given therefore making the tables better adopted to the average user 1 2 schilbach erich 1991 litra in kazhdan alexander p ed oxford dictionary of byzantium oxford university press p 1238 isbn 0 19 504652 8 1 2 3 4 sizes inc 16 march 2001 pre metric french units of mass livre and smaller retrieved 12 august 2006 hille k c 1831 medicinal gewicht magazin für pharmacie und die dahin einschlagenden wissenschaften heidelberg 268 entry for pfund archived 2 may 2022 at the wayback machine at duden online cardarelli f 2004 encyclopaedia of scientific units weights and measures their si equivalences and origins 2nd ed springer p 122 isbn 1 85233 682 x luís seabra lopes as pilhas de pesos de dom manuel i contributo para a sua caracterização inventariação e avaliação portugalia nova série vol 39 universidade do porto 2018 p 217 251 luís seabra lopes sistemas legais de medidas de peso e capacidade do condado portucalense ao século xvi portugalia nova série vol 24 2003 p 113 164 sizes inc 28 july 2003 jersey pound retrieved 12 august 2006 the council of the european communities 27 may 2009 council directive 80 181 eec of 20 december 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to unit of measurement and on the repeal of directive 71 354 eec retrieved 14 september 2009 external links edit look up pound in wiktionary the free dictionary conversion between units edit u s national institute of standards and technology special publication 811 archived 14 october 2017 at the wayback machine national institute of standards and technology handbook 130 v t e imperial units comparison with us customary system length twip thousandth of an inch barleycorn inch hand link foot yard fathom rod chain furlong cable mile nautical mile league area square inch square foot square yard perch rood acre square mile volume derived cubic inch cubic foot hoppus cubic yard cubic mile tmcft cooking teaspoon tablespoon fluid ounce cup pint quart trade gallon gallon other chaldron minim gill fluid scruple fluid drachm peck bushel barrel stuck hogshead speed miles per hour mass grain drachm ounce pound mass stone quarter slug long hundred hundredweight ship load ton pressure ksi pounds per square inch other units and measures british thermal unit degree fahrenheit rankine foot candle foot pound foot poundal horsepower horsepower hour kenning pound force pound foot poundal span related systems avoirdupois system english units winchester exchequer english engineering units foot pound second system fps twenty foot equivalent unit v t e united states customary units comparison with imperial unit system length thousandth of an inch inch hand link foot yard rod chain furlong mile statute mile area square inch square foot square yard acre square mile volume derived cubic inch cubic foot cubic yard cubic mile cooking teaspoon tablespoon fluid ounce cup pint quart gallon wood board foot cord face cord other minim gill peck bushel barrel acre foot speed foot per second miles per hour mass grain dram ounce pound hundredweight ton long short force poundal pound force kip pressure inch of mercury pound per square inch kilopound per square inch other units and measures bolt cloth british thermal unit degree angle fahrenheit foot candle foot lambert foot pound energy horsepower perm pound foot torque ton of refrigeration related systems american wire gauge avoirdupois system body jewelry sizes english engineering units foot pound second system of units authority control databases international fast national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title pound_ mass oldid 1361721724 categories customary units of measurement in the united states imperial units units of mass metricated units hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from march 2020 articles containing latin language text articles containing german language text articles containing dutch language text articles containing swedish language text all wikipedia articles needing clarification wikipedia articles needing clarification 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