Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

punjabi, and, modern, pakistan, india, period, in, language, contents, history, geographic, distribution, major, dialects, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, writing, systems, sample, text, literature, development, status, advocacy, gallery, see, also, notes, references, further, reading, external, links, etymology, origin, arabic, persian, influences, times, diaspora, speakers, by, country, standard, eastern, western, diphthongs, tone, gemination, medieval, governmental, academies, institutes, software, citations, sources, mechanics,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (606), punjabi (347), and (272), #language (175), from (115), pakistan (91), retrieved (86), archived (83), languages (76), india (76), original (74), punjab (71), with (70), for (54), 2017 (47), are (44), also (38), official (36), urdu (35), 2016 (35), 2015 (35), university (34), gurmukhi (33), january (32), december (31), indo (31), 2025 (29), english (29), isbn (29), speakers (28), 2018 (28), script (27), september (27), tone (27), was (26), which (26), february (25), census (25), words (24), have (24), all (23), 2023 (23), 2020 (23), most (23), that (23), other (22), dialects (22), has (22), april (22), spoken (22), this (21), western (21), written (21), march (21), hindi (21), million (21), use (20), articles (20), november (20), used (20), arabic (19), singh (19), 2011 (19), like (19), aryan (18), literature (18), romani (18), shahmukhi (18), its (18), may (17), october (17), sanskrit (17), united (17), lahore (17), education (17), pakistani (17), sikh (17), persian (17), indian (17), states (16), national (16), eastern (16), tonal (15), some (15), there (15), 2021 (15), july (14), state (14), prakrit (14), old (14), 000 (14), august (14), times (14), standard (14), 2024 (13), british (13), culture (13), history (13), two (13), level (13), 2003 (13), 978 (13), press (13), status (13), one (13), century (13), been (13), into (13), article (13), native (13), being (13), vowels (13), wikipedia (12), government (12), second (12), first (12), modern (12), saraiki (12), south (12), delhi (12), pdf (12), more (12), canada (12), these (12), consonants (12), june (11), see (11), hindko (11), only (11), grammar (11), panjabi (11), com (11), their (11), vowel (11), after (11), toggle (10), additional (10), long (10), links (10), wayback (10), scripts (10), world (10), war (10), major (10), shackle (10), haryana (10), 2022 (10), varieties (10), shah (10), many (10), not (10), main (10), five (10), rising (10), dead (9), international (9), majhi (9), sindhi (9), machine (9), routledge (9), academy (9), news (9), schools (9), respectively (9), well (9), case (9), can (9), punjabis (9), but (9), however (9), based (9), consonant (9), between (9), often (9), widely (9), region (9), word (9), falling (9), text (8), link (8), indus (8), movement (8), nation (8), east (8), northern (8), encyclopedia (8), study (8), patiala (8), google (8), three (8), people (8), alphabet (8), they (8), population (8), voiced (8), subsection (8), cs1 (7), than (7), ethnologue (7), external (7), doi (7), ipa (7), subject (7), diaspora (7), society (7), anglo (7), early (7), bengali (7), hindustani (7), pahari (7), lahnda (7), dogri (7), new (7), journal (7), 2019 (7), 1991 (7), 2008 (7), asia (7), tribune (7), were (7), country (7), year (7), writing (7), vocabulary (7), since (7), north (7), 1981 (7), kingdom (7), distribution (7), while (7), such (7), province (7), system (7), gemination (7), about (6), policy (6), under (6), non (6), iso (6), pages (6), short (6), maint (6), list (6), devanagari (6), northwestern (6), org (6), media (6), department (6), constitution (6), politics (6), assembly (6), house (6), general (6), muhammad (6), medieval (6), central (6), kashmir (6), linguistic (6), letter (6), free (6), bhatia (6), eds (6), cambridge (6), group (6), 2013 (6), art (6), ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (6), express (6), instruction (6), majority (6), maryam (6), 150 (6), number (6), found (6), mother (6), dialect (6), development (6), 16th (6), where (6), geographic (6), australia (6), software (6), when (6), though (6), sometimes (6), tones (6), search (5), view (5), statistics (5), code (5), terms (5), using (5), 2026 (5), wikidata (5), volume (5), references (5), greek (5), sources (5), 639 (5), verb (5), brahmic (5), portal (5), topics (5), public (5), nationalism (5), religion (5), capital (5), court (5), provincial (5), union (5), 1971 (5), 1947 (5), muslim (5), empire (5), iranian (5), apabhraṃśa (5), paishachi (5), others (5), gujari (5), bagri (5), rajasthani (5), pothwari (5), kohistani (5), shina (5), related (5), over (5), writers (5), unicode (5), dictionary (5), perso (5), tej (5), family (5), office (5), bhardwaj (5), cultural (5), prize (5), move (5), made (5), secondary (5), ali (5), phonetic (5), include (5), name (5), common (5), west (5), social (5), countries (5), until (5), historical (5), them (5), 19th (5), usually (5), various (5), works (5), literary (5), among (5), due (5), despite (5), broadcasting (5), letters (5), opposed (5), period (5), developed (5), diphthongs (5), numbers (5), citation (5), needed (5), called (5), table (4), contents (4), inc (4), commons (4), page (4), statements (4), unsourced (4), containing (4), including (4), https (4), heritage (4), symbols (4), music (4), industry (4), community (4), political (4), district (4), high (4), supreme (4), areas (4), change (4), features (4), present (4), resolution (4), third (4), rai (4), middle (4), classical (4), konkani (4), haryanvi (4), braj (4), mewari (4), marwari (4), gujarati (4), dardic (4), pashto (4), poets (4), above (4), 2010 (4), 2014 (4), 2004 (4), descriptive (4), jain (4), afghanistan (4), masica (4), regional (4), kachru (4), net (4), download (4), microsoft (4), institute (4), dhahan (4), final (4), compulsory (4), medium (4), asian (4), included (4), preservation (4), dawn (4), promote (4), promotion (4), make (4), ban (4), cite (4), around (4), mainly (4), sikhs (4), muslims (4), oxford (4), linguistics (4), online (4), 1919 (4), lexical (4), 2007 (4), another (4), commonly (4), speaking (4), wales (4), figure (4), total (4), popular (4), transliteration (4), form (4), forms (4), guru (4), through (4), origin (4), citations (4), before (4), except (4), rare (4), poetry (4), support (4), both (4), tools (4), established (4), etc (4), produced (4), represented (4), had (4), near (4), low (4), prominent (4), any (4), should (4), primary (4), then (4), area (4), own (4), rich (4), close (4), river (4), lɐɔ̂ːɾᵊ (4), lahaur (4), لہور (4), ਲਹੌਰ (4), sample (4), referred (4), very (4), characters (4), latter (4), aspirated (4), pronounced (4), initially (4), voiceless (4), retroflex (4), phonology (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), 130 (3), contact (3), available (3), wikimedia (3), foundation (3), extended (3), inactive (3), multiple (3), basic (3), sites (3), folklore (3), institutions (3), commission (3), foreign (3), law (3), council (3), local (3), governments (3), minister (3), president (3), provinces (3), fields (3), nehru (3), independence (3), jinnah (3), afghan (3), raj (3), colonial (3), shahi (3), further (3), proto (3), late (3), marathi (3), odia (3), maithili (3), magahi (3), bareli (3), khetrani (3), khowar (3), torwali (3), kashmiri (3), scheduled (3), schedule (3), braille (3), proposal (3), edition (3), book (3), experimental (3), gill (3), christopher (3), george (3), dhanesh (3), 415 (3), 1979 (3), panjab (3), minority (3), part (3), www (3), sahit (3), hindustan (3), punjabipedia (3), get (3), report (3), minorities (3), kumar (3), whereas (3), nawaz (3), how (3), abbas (3), ahmed (3), haider (3), rally (3), ending (3), your (3), herald (3), sufi (3), vice (3), chapter (3), khan (3), mir (3), 2005 (3), shiv (3), reprint (3), rarely (3), guide (3), composed (3), derived (3), hindus (3), generally (3), write (3), employed (3), large (3), info (3), arora (3), 2012 (3), introduction (3), sounds (3), glottolog (3), england (3), home (3), tongue (3), reported (3), 207 (3), 2000 (3), bengal (3), loanwords (3), nanak (3), core (3), earlier (3), following (3), 10th (3), said (3), evidence (3), granth (3), sahib (3), causes (3), nasalised (3), nasal (3), occurs (3), includes (3), censuses (3), below (3), saudi (3), arabia (3), پنجابی (3), newspapers (3), largely (3), associated (3), via (3), versions (3), jammu (3), ludhiana (3), neighbouring (3), either (3), advocacy (3), few (3), television (3), recognition (3), towards (3), 124 (3), lack (3), ethnic (3), educational (3), several (3), continued (3), film (3), become (3), began (3), would (3), each (3), even (3), administration (3), known (3), examples (3), city (3), although (3), now (3), grammatical (3), postpositions (3), oblique (3), six (3), ablative (3), cases (3), syllable (3), peripheral (3), less (3), distinct (3), separate (3), pronunciation (3), stressed (3), becomes (3), realised (3), fricative (3), phoneme (3), d͡ʒ (3), changes (3), mid (3), parts (3), source (3), percentage (3), create (3), influence (3), stage (3), help (3), influences (3), later (3), european (3), pan (3), topic (2), mobile (2), statement (2), safety (2), privacy (2), you (2), organization (2), last (2), categories (2), category (2), needing (2), ancient (2), citing (2), linguasphere (2), protected (2), description (2), different (2), deprecated (2), archival (2), service (2), names (2), authors (2), plain (2), recorded (2), object (2), index (2), php (2), zoos (2), parks (2), hindu (2), gurdwaras (2), botanical (2), gardens (2), football (2), field (2), songs (2), cuisine (2), clothing (2), textiles (2), philosophy (2), festivals (2), dance (2), films (2), cinema (2), ethnicity (2), time (2), lgbt (2), human (2), rights (2), gender (2), feudalism (2), islamic (2), economisation (2), military (2), investment (2), programmes (2), corporation (2), board (2), water (2), post (2), forces (2), force (2), terrorism (2), relations (2), elections (2), courts (2), federal (2), chief (2), justice (2), prime (2), floods (2), borders (2), climate (2), environment (2), rivers (2), insurgency (2), balochistan (2), pact (2), dominion (2), direct (2), day (2), company (2), pre (2), age (2), vedda (2), kurbet (2), lahul (2), chinali (2), classification (2), badeshi (2), hybrid (2), shauraseni (2), ardhamagadhi (2), prakrits (2), varhadi (2), halbi (2), bodo (2), surjapuri (2), assamese (2), thar (2), sylheti (2), kharia (2), manipuri (2), khortha (2), kurmali (2), sadri (2), bajjika (2), angika (2), bhojpuri (2), fiji (2), chhattisgarhi (2), bagheli (2), awadhi (2), sansi (2), bundeli (2), dawoodi (2), khandeshi (2), wagdi (2), bhili (2), nimadi (2), malvi (2), loarki (2), lambadi (2), harauti (2), goaria (2), dhatki (2), vaghri (2), koli (2), wadiyara (2), parkari (2), kachi (2), jandavra (2), aer (2), memoni (2), kutchi (2), jadgali (2), inku (2), bhateali (2), kangri (2), kumaoni (2), garhwali (2), nepali (2), gandhari (2), chitrali (2), kalasha (2), mankiyali (2), gowro (2), gawri (2), chilisso (2), bateri (2), gawar (2), bati (2), dameli (2), ushoji (2), palula (2), sawi (2), kundal (2), kalkoti (2), sign (2), rangri (2), sindh (2), balochi (2), wakhi (2), sarikoli (2), kalami (2), burushaski (2), azad (2), administrative (2), endangered (2), multilingualism (2), 100 (2), wikivoyage (2), wikibooks (2), chander (2), shekhar (2), tradition (2), chopra (2), calcutta (2), vol (2), gleason (2), 1969 (2), reference (2), 1993 (2), london (2), series (2), cognitive (2), reading (2), cardona (2), 77294 (2), 210 (2), 191 (2), example (2), nayar (2), 1966 (2), 521 (2), pañjābī (2), survey (2), yamuna (2), sridhar (2), 131 (2), 1017 (2), 121 (2), mangat (2), comprehensive (2), ਇਨਪੁਟ (2), ਔਜ਼ਾਰ (2), itunes (2), sourceforge (2), linux (2), gov (2), again (2), akademi (2), pbi (2), permanent (2), claims (2), govt (2), formula (2), 52nd (2), implemented (2), jstor (2), widespread (2), studies (2), eighth (2), orders (2), business (2), recorder (2), introduced (2), lawmakers (2), randhawa (2), inclusive (2), hamdard (2), publication (2), american (2), pro (2), outfits (2), threaten (2), hunger (2), strike (2), mind (2), refers (2), isation (2), inferiority (2), complex (2), declining (2), chancellor (2), without (2), ishtiaq (2), fair (2), observer (2), why (2), abandoned (2), examinations (2), edu (2), web (2), hussain (2), research (2), prestige (2), encyclopaedia (2), 352 (2), qisse (2), ember (2), ian (2), batalvi (2), mustgo (2), zograph (2), taylor (2), francis (2), itself (2), 9781000831597 (2), 128 (2), tadbhav (2), frawley (2), william (2), 423 (2), those (2), set (2), wals (2), henry (2), 149 (2), characteristics (2), kanwal (2), proceedings (2), sciences (2), tonogenesis (2), 300 (2), bureau (2), anaphors (2), pronouns (2), peter (2), 1996 (2), acoustic (2), 08c7 (2), small (2), phonemic (2), given (2), defined (2), boundary (2), marked (2), greater (2), shift (2), journals (2), scotland (2), profile (2), 2001 (2), tongues (2), 685 (2), 2009 (2), menon (2), publications (2), schiffman (2), brill (2), conflict (2), neighbors (2), changing (2), choice (2), california (2), hemkunt (2), handbook (2), religions (2), students (2), sikhism (2), etymological (2), perspective (2), abingdon (2), 138 (2), nclm (2), 115 (2), thousand (2), lost (2), frequent (2), his (2), gurus (2), scriptures (2), independent (2), context (2), true (2), pronounce (2), separately (2), enumerated (2), arab (2), emirates (2), spelling (2), notes (2), along (2), rajasthan (2), munir (2), niazi (2), bulleh (2), gallery (2), desktop (2), windows (2), allow (2), across (2), translate (2), 1954 (2), does (2), governmental (2), academies (2), institutes (2), created (2), cdn (2), awarded (2), teaching (2), providing (2), 132 (2), much (2), smaller (2), decades (2), far (2), radio (2), educated (2), elite (2), 123 (2), required (2), significant (2), 1950s (2), particular (2), decline (2), relegated (2), communication (2), means (2), uneducated (2), who (2), communicate (2), children (2), seen (2), passed (2), currently (2), exclusive (2), formal (2), flourish (2), leaders (2), sanction (2), detrimental (2), health (2), against (2), additionally (2), every (2), projects (2), 108 (2), farid (2), 102 (2), books (2), production (2), promoting (2), lollywood (2), remains (2), association (2), because (2), unifying (2), instead (2), mian (2), largest (2), recognised (2), uniform (2), special (2), prose (2), 1897 (2), 1944 (2), najm (2), syed (2), jaswant (2), amrita (2), pritam (2), mirza (2), puran (2), party (2), ghadar (2), famous (2), vaar (2), qissa (2), 1798 (2), stories (2), waris (2), originated (2), lies (2), ten (2), translation (2), loːkᵊ (2), ˈɡɪɳᵊti (2), paˑkˑɪ̽sᵊˈtaːnᵊ (2), ˈɐte (2), lok (2), giṇtī (2), pākistān (2), لوک (2), گݨتی (2), توں (2), پاکستان (2), اتے (2), ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ (2), ਲੋਕ (2), ਗਿਣਤੀ (2), ਤੋਂ (2), ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (2), ਅਤੇ (2), version (2), laṇḍā (2), same (2), slight (2), diacritics (2), systems (2), contains (2), noun (2), what (2), function (2), marking (2), nominal (2), inflectional (2), distinction (2), distinguishes (2), locative (2), instrumental (2), tendency (2), geminated (2), induce (2), shahpuri (2), jhangvi (2), certain (2), particularly (2), thus (2), sequence (2), sequences (2), plosives (2), ghar (2), always (2), induced (2), shoulder (2), remove (2), glottal (2), aspirates (2), mechanics (2), considered (2), rise (2), distinguished (2), phonemes (2), mostly (2), still (2), depending (2), occur (2), clusters (2), speech (2), t͡ʃʰ (2), approximant (2), note (2), refer (2), open (2), back (2), front (2), extinct (2), variety (2), closer (2), urban (2), 280 (2), 670 (2), 726 (2), 915 (2), 544 (2), approximate (2), beach (2), 378 (2), amritsar (2), approximately (2), gurmukhī (2), emerged (2), majha (2), learn (2), ਪਰਧਾਨ (2), ਪਰਵਾਰ (2), parvār (2), pardhān (2), ṭabbar (2), minor (2), influenced (2), borrowings (2), millennium (2), subcontinent (2), centuries (2), termed (2), nath (2), cognate (2), tributaries (2), panj (2), spelled (2), etymology (2), according (2), codes (2), debated (2), top (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), read (2), edit (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, cookie, developers, conduct, legal, contacts, disclaimers, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, edited, utc, hidden, value, disputed, accuracy, disputes, 1453, dmy, dates, confirmed, permanently, webarchive, template, pronunciations, phonos, extension, families, fusional, title, punjabi_language, oldid, 1359641367, yale, lux, idref, israel, latvia, bnf, data, france, worldcat, fast, gnd, authority, control, databases, stadiums, museums, mosques, mausolea, shrines, libraries, temples, forts, churches, cemeteries, places, tennis, swimming, squash, rugby, polo, paralympics, olympics, marathon, motorsport, kabaddi, golf, gillidanda, hockey, cycling, cricket, boxing, baseball, athletics, sports, holidays, flags, gun, etiquette, mehndi, shalwar, kameez, lifestyle, theatre, mushaira, architecture, arts, youth, immigration, demographics, women, urbanisation, prostitution, pakistanis, naming, too, marriage, hospitals, healthcare, discrimination, feminism, divorce, crime, internet, censorship, aurat, redundant, private, partnering, privatisation, nationalisation, industrialisation, directive, corporatisation, trading, stock, markets, securities, exchange, rupee, currency, companies, banks, banking, commerce, tourism, silk, pharmaceuticals, mining, child, labour, husbandry, forestry, fishery, automotive, defence, agriculture, aerospace, supply, sanitation, management, bridges, transportation, telecommunications, tallest, buildings, poverty, planning, housing, fuel, extraction, aid, wind, solar, nuclear, hydro, thermal, electricity, infrastructure, economy, civil, armed, air, marines, navy, army, punishment, intelligence, counter, ctd, police, enforcement, enforced, disappearance, pco, wpb, ppc, lfo, martial, parties, shariat, judicial, assemblies, speaker, lower, chairman, senate, upper, parliament, majlis, shoora, legislative, councils, ministers, governors, ministries, cabinet, nca, security, governance, cities, districts, subdivisions, earthquakes, natural, disasters, weather, records, archaeological, fauna, flora, wildlife, sanctuaries, game, reserves, forests, environmental, issues, ecoregions, volcanoes, oil, minerals, gas, coal, geology, sistan, basin, salt, range, pothohar, plateau, gwatar, bay, arabian, sea, wetlands, waterfalls, valleys, topography, passes, mountains, lakes, islands, glaciers, deserts, beaches, geography, liberalization, kargil, insurgencies, kpk, islamisation, project, 706, 1965, treaty, republic, baghdad, liaquat, princely, governor, monarchy, partition, action, points, theory, league, controversy, aligarh, durand, line, rebellion, confederacy, durrani, mughal, timurid, lodi, sayyid, tughlaq, khalji, mamluk, ghurid, ghaznavid, ibn, qasim, solanki, pala, dynasty, kambojas, hephthalite, sassanid, kushan, parthian, scythians, gandhara, maurya, greco, bactrian, seleucid, achaemenid, iranics, valley, mehrgarh, soanian, stone, nuristani, nefamese, nagamese, haflong, bombay, andaman, creole, pidgins, creoles, sheikhgal, lohar, bazigar, unknown, unclassified, khasa, kamarupi, elu, abahattha, monumental, gaudi, gāndhārī, epigraphical, maharashtri, magadhi, dramatic, buddhist, pāli, ashokan, mitanni, superstrate, vedic, sinhala, dhivehi, insular, nawayathi, maharashtrian, konkanic, kadodi, katkari, phudagi, varli, berar, deccan, andh, marathic, southern, nahari, bhunjia, kamar, halbic, kupia, reli, parja, bhatri, desia, sambalpuri, rangpuri, rajbanshi, nepal, goalpariya, dehan, kamrupi, kamarupic, rohingya, chakma, chittagonian, tanchangya, noakhali, mal, paharia, kurmukar, hajong, bishnupriya, gauda, kamarupa, kuswaric, danwar, bote, darai, kumhali, musasa, buksa, kochila, tharu, tharuic, sadanic, caribbean, bhojpuric, bihari, parya, sadhukkadi, kannauji, rekhta, hyderabadi, judeo, deccani, urdish, hinglish, kauravi, bhasha, lomavren, domari, erromintxela, kalderash, vlax, serbian, bohemian, carpathian, caló, baltic, zargari, rumelian, balkan, sinte, scandoromani, laiuse, finnish, welsh, scottish, cant, angloromani, vaagri, booli, vasavi, kalto, gamit, pardhi, rathwi, pauri, palya, magari, mawchi, bhilori, bauria, dubli, dhanki, dhodia, kukna, chodri, bhilali, bhil, shekhawati, ahirwati, mewati, dhundari, saurashtra, lisan, dawat, luwati, kholosi, sarazi, sirmauri, hinduri, kinnauri, kullui, jaunsari, mahasu, mandeali, pangwali, gaddi, chambeali, bilaspuri, churahi, bhadarwahi, jumli, doteli, pashayi, urtsuniwar, wotapuri, katarqalai, tirahi, shumashti, nangalami, kunar, brokskat, shinaic, pogali, kishtwari, kashmiric, chagatai, iranic, jogi, bhaya, yidgha, waziri, shekhani, ormuri, munji, kamviri, khyber, pakhtunkhwa, purgi, balti, gilgit, baltistan, wanetsi, lasi, hazaragi, dehwari, brahui, unit, thadou, tangkhul, sora, sema, rabha, phom, nishi, mising, malto, lotha, ladakhi, kuvi, kui, koya, korku, konyak, kolami, kodava, khotta, karbi, dimasa, badaga, angami, adi, tulu, gondi, dhundhari, unofficial, tamang, sunwar, sikkimese, sherpa, rajbangshi, newari, mundari, mizo, magar, limbu, lepcha, kurukh, kokborok, khasi, kamatapuri, gurung, garo, santali, meitei, telugu, tamil, malayalam, kannada, 8th, punjabiyat, website, encode, noon, ring, phrasebook, intonation, muenchen, lincom, europa, prosody, paradigm, sri, lanka, polgasowita, sikuru, prakasakayo, legacy, 1997, punjabee, bradree, iranica, harjit, revised, grammars, 621, 581, problems, 0079, 1636, issn, 1111, 1467, 968x, tb00857, transactions, philological, rao, aparna, 1995, gypsy, lore, marginality, peripatetics, baldev, princeton, 9781400875948, 29944, colin, sociolinguistics, 1916, superintendent, printing, specimens, grierson, 9780511619069, cbo9780511619069, 008, 9781138793859, 4324, 9781315760803, cloud, ਔਨਲਾਈਨ, ਅਜਮਾਓ, ਅਨੁਵਾਦ, connecting, store, punlinux, center, pilac, welcome, livehindustan, पंजाबी, सीखने, वाले, छात्रों, अगले, माह, बटेगा, एकल, प्रोत्साहन, राशि, jkculture, nic, punjabiacademy, tribuneindia, sirsa, elected, ਲੇਖਕਾਂ, ਮੱਕਾ, ਭਵਨ, ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ, dhahanprize, launches, ਪੀਡੀਆ, learnpunjabi, actdpl, punjabiuniversity, perneet, bodies, oppose, anti, aujla, harjap, couldn, sgpc, ignoring, jasmine, serial, killer, taught, commissioner, ashutosh, electoral, akali, dal, 1520, class, 4414869, 1515, economic, weekly, ayres, alyssa, 946, 56127067, s2cid, s0021911808001204, 917, symbolic, digital, library, fifty, years, 1920, khokhlova, liudmila, nonetheless, came, recognized, fifteen, endangerment, death, javed, umair, dunya, historic, steps, directorate, sharif, directs, kamal, neel, pak, oks, allows, friday, reclaim, lead, mohta, nikita, fight, keep, alive, piracha, rehan, mateen, voicepk, apnay, kaar, wich, pardesi, furrakh, chuhan, marghoob, kaleem, past, future, islamicus, quarterly, researchgate, 341314184_punjabi_language_in_pakistan_past_present_and_future, mehtab, geo, tops, usman, noah, preserve

Text of the page (random words):
pulation canada country mother tongue statistics canada archived from the original on 20 june 2022 retrieved 11 september 2022 273 000 in england and wales and 23 000 in scotland 2011 census quick statistics for england and wales march 2011 archived from the original on 24 september 2015 retrieved 24 march 2021 table at_002_2011 language used at home other than english detailed scotland archived from the original on 5 march 2021 retrieved 24 march 2021 us survey puts punjabi speakers in us at 2 8 lakh the times of india 18 december 2017 archived from the original on 22 april 2021 retrieved 11 august 2020 punjabi speaking countries worlddata info retrieved 26 december 2025 language england and wales census 2021 office for national statistics shahzadi sehrish et al 2021 multilingualism and language shift in punjabi society a sociolinguistic study pakistan journal of humanities and social sciences 9 2 349 358 1 archived 14 august 2025 at the wayback machine https internationalrasd org journals index php pjhss article download 1637 1058 8469 archived 14 august 2025 at the wayback machine punjabi language the sikh encyclopedia 2 https www thesikhencyclopedia com punjabi language glottolog 4 8 greater panjabic glottolog org archived from the original on 13 july 2023 retrieved 13 july 2023 punjabi language at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 shackle 1979 p 198 zograph g a 2023 chapter 3 languages of south asia a guide reprint ed taylor francis p 52 isbn 9781000831597 lahnda lahnda lahndi or western panjabi is the name given to a group of dialects spread over the northern half of pakistan in the north they come into contact with the dardic languages with which they share some common features in the east they turn gradually into panjabi and in the south into sindhi in the south east there is a clearly defined boundary between lahnda and rajasthani and in the west a similarly well marked boundary between it and the iranian languages baluchi and pushtu the number of people speaking lahnda can only be guessed at it is probably in excess of 20 million shackle 2003 p 587 shackle 2003 p 588 karamat nayyara phonemic inventory of punjabi p 182 citeseerx 10 1 1 695 1248 a b used in conjunction with another consonant commonly ج or ی arlaam similar to arnoon has been added to unicode since unicode 13 0 0 which can be found in unicode archived 28 february 2020 at the wayback machine arabic extended a 08c7 pdf pg 73 under arabic letter for punjabi 08c7 arabic letter lam with small arabic letter tah above shackle 2003 p 589 masica 1991 p 97 arora k k arora s singla s r agrawal s s 2007 sampa for hindi and punjabi based on their acoustic and phonetic characteristics proceedings oriental cocosda 4 6 archived from the original on 26 march 2023 retrieved 11 october 2022 ladefoged peter maddieson ian 1996 the sounds of the world s languages oxford blackwell pp 190 191 isbn 978 0631198154 bhatia tej 1999 lexican anaphors and pronouns in punjabi in lust barbara gair james eds lexical anaphors and pronouns in selected south asian languages walter de gruyter p 637 isbn 978 3 11 014388 1 other tonal indo aryan languages include hindko dogri western pahari sylheti and some dardic languages a b c bailey t grahame 1919 english punjabi dictionary introduction singh sukhvindar tone rules and tone sandhi in punjabi a b c bowden a l 2012 punjabi tonemics and the gurmukhi script a preliminary study archived 17 april 2018 at the wayback machine major gurmukh singh shiv sharma joshi mukhtiar singh gill manmandar singh kuljit kapur suman preet eds 2018 punjabi university punjabi english dictionary ਛੇਵੀਂ ed patiala publication bureau punjabi university wikidata q113676548 punjabi university 2018 p 281 punjabi university 2018 p 194 punjabi university 2018 p 192 punjabi university 2018 p 369 a b punjabi university 2018 p 300 kanwal j ritchart a v 2015 an experimental investigation of tonogenesis in punjabi archived 18 april 2018 at the wayback machine proceedings of the 18th international of phonetic sciences 2015 lata swaran arora swati 2013 laryngeal tonal characteristics of punjabi an experimental study archived 18 april 2018 at the wayback machine baart j l g tonal features in languages of northern pakistan archived 28 july 2020 at the wayback machine masica 1991 p 149 gill harjeet singh and gleason jr henry a 1969 a reference grammar of panjabi patiala department of linguistics punjabi university wals online language panjabi wals info archived from the original on 12 december 2019 retrieved 4 december 2019 shackle 2003 599 shackle 2003 601 masica 1991 257 a b frawley william 2003 international encyclopedia of linguistics 4 volume set oxford university press p 423 isbn 978 0 19 513977 8 hindus and sikhs generally use the gurmukhi script but hindus have also begun to write punjabi in the devanagari script as employed for hindi muslims tend to write punjabi in the perso arabic script which is also employed for urdu muslim speakers borrow a large number of words from persian and arabic however the basic punjabi vocabulary is mainly composed of tadbhava words i e those descended from sanskrit bhatia tej k 1993 punjabi a conginitive descriptive grammar psychology press p xxxii isbn 978 0 415 00320 9 punjabi vocabulary is mainly composed of tadbhav words i e words derived from sanskrit bhatia 2008 p 128 bhardwaj 2016 pp 12 13 jain 2003 pp 53 57 8 zograph g a 2023 chapter 3 languages of south asia a guide reprint ed taylor francis p 52 isbn 9781000831597 devanagari itself is also used for panjabi if more rarely nayar 1966 pp 46 ff bhardwaj 2016 p 12 a b shackle 2003 p 594 punjabi language structure writing alphabet mustgo mustgo com archived from the original on 23 january 2022 retrieved 8 february 2022 bhardwaj 2016 p 15 shiv kumar batalvi archived 10 april 2003 at the wayback machine sikh heritage co uk melvin ember carol r ember ian a skoggard eds 2005 encyclopedia of diasporas immigrant and refugee cultures around the world springer p 1077 isbn 978 0 306 48321 9 mir farina representations of piety and community in late nineteenth century punjabi qisse columbia university archived from the original on 6 january 2019 retrieved 4 july 2008 the encyclopaedia of indian literature volume one a to devo volume 1 amaresh datta ed sahitya akademi 2006 352 hussain fayyaz khan muhammad asim khan hina 2018 the implications of trends in punjabi as a covert and or an overt prestige in pakistan kashmir journal of language research 21 2 59 75 doi 10 46896 jicc v3i01 188 inactive 15 june 2026 archived from the original on 19 april 2024 retrieved 19 april 2024 punjabi in pakistan is language that is numerically prevalent cite journal cs1 maint doi inactive as of june 2026 link facts about pakistan opr gov pk government of pakistan office of the press registrar archived from the original on 4 february 2022 retrieved 4 february 2022 aslam irfan 21 february 2023 punjabis themselves are oppressing their language dawn retrieved 4 december 2025 ahmed ishtiaq 14 july 2020 why punjabis in pakistan have abandoned punjabi fair observer archived from the original on 9 april 2023 retrieved 9 april 2023 chapter 4 general of part xii miscellaneous pakistani org retrieved 30 december 2016 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link zaidi abbas linguistic cleansing the sad fate of punjabi in pakistan archived from the original on 29 october 2016 university of the punjab 2015 b a two year pass course examinations university of the punjab examinations pu edu pk archived from the original on 8 february 2017 retrieved 13 january 2017 university of the punjab 2015 department of punjabi archived from the original on 27 november 2016 masood tariq 21 february 2015 the colonisation of language the express tribune archived from the original on 12 september 2015 retrieved 19 september 2015 warraich faizan ali haider 15 september 2015 intelligentsia urges govt to promote punjabi language dailytimes archived from the original on 30 june 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 a b abbas mazhar 23 february 2025 punjabi a dying language the news retrieved 4 december 2025 a b c d ahmed ishtiaq 14 july 2020 why punjabis in pakistan have abandoned punjabi fair observer retrieved 4 december 2025 punjabis without punjabi apnaorg com archived from the original on 25 may 2017 retrieved 13 january 2017 inferiority complex declining punjabi language punjab university vice chancellor ppi news agency inferiority complex declining punjabi language punjab university vice chancellor pakistan press international ppinewsagency com archived from the original on 27 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 urdu isation of punjab the express tribune the express tribune 4 may 2015 archived from the original on 27 november 2016 retrieved 30 december 2016 rally for ending 150 year old ban on education in punjabi the nation 21 february 2011 archived from the original on 7 march 2016 retrieved 15 september 2015 sufi poets can guarantee unity the nation 26 august 2015 archived from the original on 30 october 2015 supreme court s urdu verdict no language can be imposed from above the nation 15 september 2015 archived from the original on 16 september 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 two member sc bench refers punjabi language case to cjp business recorder 14 september 2015 archived from the original on 21 october 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 mind your language the movement for the preservation of punjabi the herald 2 september 2106 mind your language the movement for the preservation of punjabi people society herald herald dawn com 4 august 2016 archived from the original on 23 december 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 punjabi in schools pro punjabi outfits in pakistan threaten hunger strike the times of india 4 october 2015 punjabi in schools pro punjabi outfits in pakistan threaten hunger strike the times of india archived from the original on 27 september 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 rally for ending the 150 year old ban on education in punjabi the nation 21 february 2011 rally for ending 150 year old ban on education in punjabi nation com pk 21 february 2011 archived from the original on 7 march 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 usman noah 31 january 2022 how to preserve the punjabi language american pakistan foundation retrieved 4 december 2025 haider mehtab 17 november 2024 punjabi tops as most spoken language in pakistan geo news retrieved 4 december 2025 abbas furrakh chuhan muhammad ahmed marghoob kaleem muhammad 2016 punjabi language in pakistan past present and future hamdard islamicus quarterly journal of the hamdard national foundation pakistan 39 1 12 https www researchgate net publication 341314184_punjabi_language_in_pakistan_past_present_and_future piracha rehan ali mateen 1 january 2025 apnay kaar wich punjabi pardesi voicepk net retrieved 4 december 2025 mohta nikita 18 april 2025 the fight to keep punjabi alive in pakistan the indian express retrieved 4 december 2025 randhawa f 15 october 2025 how punjab can reclaim its language and lead a more inclusive pakistan the friday times retrieved 4 december 2025 pakistan s punjab assembly allows lawmakers to use of punjabi language in house times of india 7 june 2024 retrieved 4 december 2025 kamal neel 31 october 2024 pak pb assembly oks resolution to make pbi compulsory subject times of india retrieved 4 december 2025 punjabi to be introduced as subject in schools maryam the news international 10 march 2024 retrieved 4 december 2025 cm maryam nawaz sharif directs to promote punjabi directorate general public relations government of punjab pakistan 25 november 2025 retrieved 4 december 2025 dead link cm maryam orders promotion of punjabi language business recorder 26 november 2025 retrieved 4 december 2025 cm maryam orders historic steps to promote punjabi language dunya news 25 november 2025 retrieved 4 december 2025 javed umair 16 september 2024 punjabi nationalism dawn retrieved 4 december 2025 a b khokhlova liudmila january 2014 majority language death pdf language endangerment and preservation in south asia archived pdf from the original on 25 may 2017 retrieved 29 april 2017 punjabi was nonetheless included in the eighth schedule of the constitution of india and came to be recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of the country fifty years of punjab politics 1920 70 panjab digital library archived from the original on 6 january 2019 retrieved 6 january 2019 ayres alyssa 2008 language the nation and symbolic capital the case of punjab pdf the journal of asian studies 67 3 917 946 doi 10 1017 s0021911808001204 s2cid 56127067 archived pdf from the original on 25 may 2017 retrieved 28 april 2017 in india punjabi is an official language as well as the first language of the state of punjab with secondary status in delhi and widespread use in haryana kumar ashutosh 2004 electoral politics in punjab study of akali dal economic political weekly 39 14 15 1515 1520 jstor 4414869 punjabi was made the first compulsory language and medium of instruction in all the government schools whereas hindi and english as second and third language were to be implemented from the class 4 and 6 respectively 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in india pdf report national commission on linguistic minorities 2015 p 25 archived from the original pdf on 25 may 2017 retrieved 28 april 2017 languages taught in the state under the three language formula first language hindi second language punjabi third language english singh jasmine 13 september 2015 serial killer the tribune archived from the original on 16 september 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 sgpc claims haryana govt ignoring punjabi language hindustan times 30 july 2015 retrieved 15 september 2015 dead link aujla harjap singh 15 june 2015 punjabi s of delhi couldn t get justice for punjabi language punjab news express retrieved 19 september 2015 permanent dead link singh perneet 9 july 2013 sikh bodies oppose du s anti punjabi move tribune india archived from the original on 19 may 2018 retrieved 21 february 2018 final punjabiuniversity ac in archived from the original on 24 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 actdpl punjabi university patiala learnpunjabi org archived from the original on 10 december 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੀਡੀਆ punjabipedia org archived from the original on 21 december 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 pbi university launches punjabipedia punjab hindustan times hindustan times 26 february 2014 archived from the original on 23 november 2016 retrieved 13 january 2017 the dhahan prize the dhahan prize for punjabi literature dhahanprize com archived from the original on 27 february 2017 retrieved 13 january 2017 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੱਕਾ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਵਨ ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ 3 may 2017 archived from the original on 3 may 2017 retrieved 16 october 2017 sirsa again elected punjabi sahit akademi president tribuneindia com 18 april 2016 archived from the original on 13 august 2018 retrieved 13 august 2018 pu...