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richard courant wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 biography 2 perspective on mathematics 3 personal life 4 publications 5 references 6 sources 7 external links toggle the table of contents richard courant 29 languages العربية مصرى تۆرکجه беларуская català čeština deutsch esperanto español فارسی français עברית kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 latina nederlands polski piemontèis português русский slovenčina українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia german american mathematician 1888 1972 richard courant courant in 1969 born 1888 01 08 january 8 1888 lublinitz german empire now lubliniec poland died january 27 1972 1972 01 27 aged 84 new rochelle new york u s education university of zurich university of göttingen known for courant number courant minimax principle courant friedrichs lewy condition courant s nodal domain theorem 1 methoden der mathematischen physik scientific career fields mathematics workplaces university of göttingen university of münster university of cambridge new york university thesis on the application of dirichlet s principle to the problems of conformal mapping 1910 doctoral advisor david hilbert doctoral students leifur ásgeirsson herbert busemann william feller kurt friedrichs harold grad fritz john joseph keller edgar krahn martin kruskal anneli lax hans lewy otto neugebauer franz rellich richard courant german ˈkuːʁant january 8 1888 january 27 1972 was a german american mathematician he is best known by the general public for the book what is mathematics co written with herbert robbins his research focused on the areas of real analysis mathematical physics the calculus of variations and partial differential equations he wrote textbooks widely used by generations of students of physics and mathematics he is also known for founding the institute now bearing his name at new york university biography edit courant was born in lublinitz in the prussian province of silesia now in poland his parents were siegmund courant and martha freund of oels edith stein was richard s cousin on the maternal side during his youth his parents moved often including to glatz then to breslau and in 1905 to berlin he stayed in breslau and entered the university there then continued his studies at the university of zürich and the university of göttingen he became david hilbert s assistant in göttingen and obtained his doctorate there in 1910 he was obliged to serve in world war i but was wounded shortly after enlisting and therefore dismissed from the military courant left the university of münster in 1921 to take over erich hecke s position at the university of göttingen 2 there he founded the mathematical institute which he headed as director from 1928 until 1933 courant left germany in 1933 earlier than many jewish escapees he did not lose his position due to being jewish as his previous service as a front line soldier exempted him however his public membership in the social democratic left was reason enough for the nazis for dismissal 3 in 1936 after one year at cambridge courant accepted a professorship at new york university in new york city there he founded an institute for graduate studies in applied mathematics the courant institute of mathematical sciences as it was renamed in 1964 is now one of the most respected research centers in applied mathematics 4 courant and david hilbert authored the influential textbook methoden der mathematischen physik which with its revised editions is still current and widely used since its publication in 1924 with herbert robbins courant coauthored a popular overview of higher mathematics intended for the general public titled what is mathematics with fritz john he coauthored the two volume work introduction to calculus and analysis first published in 1965 5 garrison norton assistant secretary of the navy for air congratulates courant right after presenting him with the distinguished public service award during pentagon ceremonies on july 18 1958 courant s name is also attached to the finite element method 6 with his numerical treatment of the plain torsion problem for multiply connected domains published in 1943 7 this method is now one of the standard ways to solve partial differential equations numerically courant is a namesake of the courant friedrichs lewy condition and the courant minimax principle courant was an elected member of both the american philosophical society 1953 and the united states national academy of sciences 1955 8 9 in 1965 the mathematical association of america recognized his contributions with its award for distinguished service to mathematics 10 11 courant died of a stroke in new rochelle new york on january 27 1972 aged 84 12 perspective on mathematics edit commenting upon his analysis of experimental results from in laboratory soap film formations courant explained why the existence of a physical solution does not obviate mathematical proof here is a quote from courant on his mathematical perspective empirical evidence can never establish mathematical existence nor can the mathematician s demand for existence be dismissed by the physicist as useless rigor only a mathematical existence proof can ensure that the mathematical description of a physical phenomenon is meaningful 13 personal life edit in 1912 courant married nelly neumann who had earned her doctorate at breslau in synthetic geometry in 1909 they lived together in göttingen until they divorced in 1916 she was later murdered by the nazis in 1942 for being jewish 14 in 1919 courant married nerina nina runge 1891 1991 daughter of göttingen professor for applied mathematics carl runge of runge kutta fame and sister of iris runge applied mathematician and physicist richard and nerina had four children ernest 1920 2020 a particle physicist and innovator in particle accelerators gertrude 1922 2014 a biologist who married mathematician jürgen moser 1928 1999 hans 1924 2019 15 16 a physicist who participated in the manhattan project and leonore known as lori 1928 2015 a professional violist who married first mathematician jerome berkowitz 1928 1998 and secondly mathematician peter lax 17 publications edit courant r 1988 1937 differential and integral calculus vol i translated by mcshane e j 2nd ed new york wiley interscience isbn 978 0 471 60842 4 courant r 1988 1936 differential and integral calculus vol ii translated by mcshane e j new york wiley interscience isbn 978 0 471 60840 0 courant richard john fritz 1965 introduction to calculus and analysis vol i new york interscience isbn 978 3 540 65058 4 courant richard john fritz 1974 introduction to calculus and analysis vol ii 1 new york interscience isbn 978 3 540 66569 4 courant richard john fritz 1974 introduction to calculus and analysis vol ii 2 new york interscience isbn 978 3 540 66570 0 courant richard hilbert david 2024 1924 methods of mathematical physics vol i new york interscience isbn 978 3 527 41447 5 mr 0065391 archive translated from german methoden der mathematischen physik i 2nd ed 1931 18 courant richard hilbert david 2024 1924 methods of mathematical physics vol ii new york interscience doi 10 1002 9783527617234 isbn 978 3 527 41448 2 mr 0140802 translated from german methoden der mathematischen physik ii 1937 19 courant r friedrichs k o 1948 supersonic flow and shock waves new york interscience bibcode 1948sfsw book c 20 courant richard robbins herbert 1941 what is mathematics oxford university press references edit urschel john c nodal decompositions of graphs pdf math mit edu retrieved july 16 2022 bergmann birgit october 22 2012 transcending tradition jewish mathematicians in german speaking academic culture springer science business media isbn 978 3 642 22464 5 schappacher norbert 1991 edmund landau s göttingen from the life and death of a great mathematical center pdf the mathematical intelligencer 13 4 12 18 doi 10 1007 bf03028334 s2cid 124714271 archived from the original pdf on november 9 2016 retrieved november 30 2024 best applied math programs u s news review by e i of introduction to calculus and analysis volume 1 mathematics of computation 20 96 634 635 1966 doi 10 1090 s0025 5718 66 99914 5 issn 0025 5718 pelosi giuseppe 2007 the finite element method part i r l courant historical corner ieee antennas and propagation magazine 49 2 180 182 doi 10 1109 map 2007 376627 s2cid 36031031 courant richard 1943 variational methods for the solution of problems of equilibrium and vibrations bulletin of the american mathematical society 49 1 24 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1943 07818 4 aps member history search amphilsoc org retrieved february 6 2023 richard courant national academy of sciences retrieved june 30 2026 yueh gin gung and dr charles y hu award for distinguished service mathematical association of america archived from the original on april 28 2024 retrieved may 6 2024 weaver warren 1965 award for distinguished service to professor richard courant the american mathematical monthly 72 1 1 2 doi 10 1080 00029890 1965 11970481 issn 0002 9890 schwartz harry january 29 1972 dr richard courant dies at 84 influential mathematics scholar the new york times retrieved july 16 2022 the parsimonious universe stefan hildebrandt anthony tromba springer verlag 1996 page 148 nelly neumann jewish women s archive march 1 2009 retrieved july 7 2018 hans courant 1924 2019 school of physics and astronomy college of science and engineering cse umn edu hans courant obituary 1924 2019 pioneer press legacy com leonore marianne courant berkowitz 1950 in memoriam reed magazine reed edu december 2015 tamarkin j d 1932 review methoden der mathematischen physik bd i zweite verbesserte auflage by r courant and d hilbert bull amer math soc 38 1 21 22 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1932 05311 3 weyl hermann 1938 review methoden der mathematischen physik vol 2 by r courant and d hilbert bull amer math soc 44 9 602 604 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1938 06791 2 lin c c 1951 review supersonic flow and shock waves by r courant and k o friedrichs bull amer math soc 57 1 part 1 85 87 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1951 09457 4 sources edit reid constance 1976 courant in göttingen and new york the story of an improbable mathematician new york heidelberg berlin springer verlag isbn 978 0 387 90194 7 medawar jean pyke david 2012 hitler s gift the true story of the scientists expelled by the nazi regime new york arcade publishing isbn 978 1 61145 709 4 external links edit wikiquote has quotations related to richard courant richard courant at the mathematics genealogy project o connor john j robertson edmund f richard courant mactutor history of mathematics archive university of st andrews oral history interview transcript with richard courant on 9 may 1962 american institute of physics niels bohr library archives national academy of sciences biographical memoir 2015 video interview with hans courant by atomic heritage foundation voices of the manhattan project us news rankings of applied mathematics programs authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data japan italy czech republic spain portugal netherlands norway latvia korea sweden poland israel catalonia croatia academics cinii mathematics genealogy project zbmath mathscinet people trove librarything deutsche biographie ddb other idref open library snac yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title richard_courant oldid 1372290237 categories 1888 births 1972 deaths 20th century american mathematicians 20th century german mathematicians german military personnel of world war i mathematical analysts mathematics popularizers foreign members of the ussr academy of sciences jewish emigrants from nazi germany to the united states emigrants from nazi germany to the united states silesian jews university of göttingen alumni academic staff of the university of münster academics of the university of cambridge new york university faculty people associated with the university of zurich university of breslau alumni people from the province of silesia people from lubliniec scientists from new rochelle new york german textbook writers knights commander of the order of merit of the federal republic of germany fluid dynamicists mathematicians from new york state jewish scientists fellows of the american physical society members of the american philosophical society american textbook writers hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use american english from may 2026 all wikipedia articles written in american english use mdy dates from may 2026 articles with hcards pages with german ipa this page was last edited on 31 august 2026 at 03 53 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents richard courant 29 languages add topic