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rugby players in the 1981 seychelles coup d état attempt 26 there was a gun battle at the airport and most of the mercenaries later escaped in a hijacked air india plane 26 the leader of this hijacking was german mercenary d clodo a former member of the rhodesian sas 29 clodo later stood trial in south africa where he was acquitted as well as in his home country germany for air piracy 30 in 1986 an attempted coup led by the seychelles minister of defence ogilvy berlouis caused president rené to request assistance from india in operation flowers are blooming the indian navy s nilgiri class frigate vindhyagiri arrived in port victoria to help avert the coup 31 the first draft of a new constitution failed to receive the requisite 60 of voters in 1992 but an amended version was approved in 1993 32 in january 2013 seychelles declared a state of emergency when the tropical cyclone felleng caused torrential rain and flooding and landslides destroyed hundreds of houses 33 34 following the coup in 1977 the president always represented the same political party until the october 2020 seychellois general election which was historic in that the opposition party won wavel ramkalawan was the first president who did not represent united seychelles the current name of the former seychelles people s progressive front 35 36 in january 2023 seychelles announced its final stages of completing its marine spatial plan it would become the second largest ocean area at 1 35 million km 2 520 000 sq mi behind norway in support of its blue economy 37 in october 2025 presidential runoff was won by former parliamentary speaker and main opposition leader patrick herminie meaning herminie s party united seychelles us returned to power 38 on 26 october 2025 patrick herminie was sworn in as seychelles sixth president 39 politics edit main article politics of seychelles the seychelles president who is head of state and head of government is elected by popular vote for a five year term of office the cabinet is presided over and appointed by the president subject to the approval of a majority of the legislature as of 2026 the president is patrick herminie the unicameral seychellois parliament the national assembly or assemblée nationale consists of 35 members 26 of whom are elected directly by popular vote while the remaining nine seats are appointed proportionally according to the percentage of votes received by each party all members serve five year terms the supreme court of seychelles created in 1903 is the highest trial court in seychelles and the first court of appeal from all the lower courts and tribunals the highest court of law in seychelles is the seychelles court of appeal which is the court of final appeal in the country 40 political culture edit president james michel in his office in victoria 2009 seychelles long term president france albert rené came to power after his supporters overthrew the first president james mancham on 5 june 1977 in a coup d état and installed him as president rené was at that time the prime minister rené ruled as a strongman under a socialist one party system until 1993 when he was forced to introduce a multi party system he stepped down in 2004 in favour of his vice president james michel who was re elected in 2006 2011 and again in 2015 41 42 43 44 on 28 september 2016 the office of the president announced that michel would step down effective 16 october and that vice president danny faure would complete the rest of michel s term 45 on 26 october 2020 wavel ramkalawan a 59 year old anglican priest was elected the fifth president of the republic of seychelles ramkalawan was an opposition mp from 1993 to 2011 and from 2016 to 2020 he served as the leader of the opposition from 1998 to 2011 and from 2016 to 2020 ramkalawan defeated incumbent danny faure by 54 9 to 43 5 this marked the first time the opposition had won a presidential election in seychelles 46 47 the primary political parties are the former long time ruling socialist people s party pp known until 2009 as the seychelles people s progressive front sppf now called united seychelles us and the socially liberal seychelles national party snp 48 the election of the national assembly was held on 22 24 october 2020 the seychelles national party the seychelles party for social justice and democracy and the seychelles united party formed a coalition linyon demokratik seselwa lds lds won 25 seats and us got 10 seats of the 35 seats of the national assembly 49 however in the 2025 seychellois general election united seychelles won 15 out of 26 seats in the parliament 50 foreign relations edit further information foreign relations of seychelles seychelles is a member of the united nations the african union the indian ocean commission la francophonie the southern african development community and the commonwealth of nations between 1979 and 1983 various plots to overthrow the non aligned government of france albert rené were according to leading participants supported by the united states france and south africa commonly cited reasons for such attempts include rené s socialist politics his non aligned stance toward the western and eastern blocs and the united states military lease in the country which was set to expire in 1990 all coup efforts in this period failed 51 under the obama administration the us began running drone operations out of seychelles 52 in the spring of 2013 members of the special purpose marine air ground task force africa mentored troops in seychelles along with a variety of other african nations 52 military edit main article seychelles people s defence force the military of seychelles is the seychelles people s defence force which consists of a number of distinct branches an infantry unit and coast guard air force and a presidential protection unit india has played and continues to play a key role in developing the military of seychelles after handing over two sdb mk5 patrol vessels built by grse the ins tarasa and ins tarmugli to the seychelles coast guard which were subsequently renamed ps constant and ps topaz india also gifted a dornier 228 aircraft built by hindustan aeronautics limited 53 india also signed a pact to develop assumption island spread over 11 km 2 4 sq mi it is strategically located in the indian ocean north of madagascar the island is being leased for the development of strategic assets by india 54 in 2018 seychelles signed the un treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons 55 56 incarceration edit further information list of countries by incarceration rate in 2014 seychelles had the highest incarceration rate in the world of 799 prisoners per 100 000 population exceeding the united states rate by 15 57 however the country s actual population was less than 100 000 as of september 2014 seychelles had 735 actual prisoners 6 of whom were female and were incarcerated in three prisons 58 the incarceration rate in seychelles has since dropped significantly it is no longer among the top ten countries with the highest rate of incarceration in 2022 the incarceration rate was 287 per 100 000 population being just the 31st highest in the world 59 better source needed modern piracy edit seychelles is a key participant in the fight against indian ocean piracy primarily committed by somali pirates 60 former president james michel said that piracy costs between 7 million 12 million a year to the international community the pirates cost 4 of the seychelles gdp including direct and indirect costs for the loss of boats fishing and tourism and the indirect investment for the maritime security these are factors affecting local fishing one of the country s main national resources which had a 46 loss in 2008 2009 60 international contributions of patrol boats planes or drones have been provided to help seychelles combat sea piracy 60 administrative divisions edit main article districts of seychelles seychelles is divided into twenty six administrative regions comprising all of the inner islands eight of the districts make up the capital of seychelles and are referred to as greater victoria another 14 districts are considered the rural part of the main island of mahé two more districts divide the island of praslin and one covers la digue as well as satellite and other inner islands the rest of the outer islands îles eloignées make up the last district recently created by the tourism ministry the template below col begin is being considered for deletion see templates for discussion to help reach a consensus greater victoria bel air la rivière anglaise english river les mamelles mont buxton mont fleuri plaisance roche caiman saint louis rural mahé anse aux pins anse boileau anse etoile au cap anse royale baie lazare beau vallon bel ombre cascade glacis grand anse mahé pointe la rue port glaud takamaka praslin baie sainte anne anse volbert grand anse praslin grande anse la digue and remaining inner islands la digue anse réunion geography edit main articles geography of seychelles and geology of seychelles this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed february 2017 learn how and when to remove this message view of praslin the second largest island of seychelles map of seychelles early jurassic breakup of gondwana left and a early cretaceous b late cretaceous c paleocene d present day right an island nation seychelles is located in the somali sea segment of the indian ocean northeast of madagascar and about 1 600 km 860 nmi east of kenya the constitution of seychelles lists 155 named islands 61 and a further 7 reclaimed islands have been created subsequent to the publication of the constitution the majority of the islands are uninhabited with many dedicated as nature reserves seychelles largest island mahé is located 1 550 km 835 nmi from mogadishu somalia s capital 62 seychelles sits atop a large submerged granite block known as the seychelles microcontinent which was sandwiched between madagascar and india before the breakup of gondwanaland 63 alfred wegener cited the seychelles granitic composition akin to that of continents as evidence of continental drift 64 after madagascar separated from india during the late cretaceous interaction with the réunion hotspot caused the diverging oceanic rift to jump several times breaking off a piece that is currently on the somali plate and includes seychelles mauritius and réunion as well as another fragment on the present indian plate that includes lakshadweep the chagos archipelago and the maldives 63 65 a group of 44 islands 42 granitic and 2 coralline occupy the shallow waters of the seychelles bank and are collectively referred to as the inner islands they have a total area of 244 km 2 94 sq mi accounting for 54 of the total land area of the seychelles and 98 of the entire population the islands have been divided into groups there are 42 granitic islands known as the granitic seychelles these are in descending order of size mahé praslin silhouette la digue curieuse félicité frégate ste anne north cerf marianne grande sœur thérèse aride conception petite sœur cousin cousine long récif round praslin anonyme mamelles moyenne ile aux vaches marines l islette beacon ile sèche cachée cocos round mahé l ilot frégate booby chauve souris mahé chauve souris praslin ile la fouche hodoul l ilot rat souris st pierre praslin zavé harrison rocks grand rocher beach of anse source d argent on the island of la digue there are two coral sand cays north of the granitics on the edge of the seychelles bank denis and bird there are two coral islands south of the granitic coëtivy and platte beach of anse lazio on the island of praslin there are 29 coral islands in the amirantes group west of the granitic desroches poivre atoll comprising three islands poivre florentin and south island alphonse d arros st joseph atoll comprising 14 islands st joseph île aux fouquets resource petit carcassaye grand carcassaye benjamin bancs ferrari chiens pélicans vars île paul banc de sable banc aux cocos and île aux poules marie louise desnœufs african banks comprising two islands african banks and south island rémire st françois boudeuse étoile bijoutier there are 13 coral islands in the farquhar group south southwest of the amirantes farquhar atoll comprising 10 islands bancs de sable déposés île aux goëlettes lapins île du milieu north manaha south manaha middle manaha north island and south island providence atoll comprising two islands providence and bancs providence and st pierre beach on mahé island there are 67 raised coral islands in the aldabra group west of the farquhar group aldabra atoll comprising 46 islands grande terre picard polymnie malabar île michel île esprit île aux moustiques ilot parc ilot émile ilot yangue ilot magnan île lanier champignon des os euphrate grand mentor grand ilot gros ilot gionnet gros ilot sésame héron rock hide island île aux aigrettes île aux cèdres îles chalands île fangame île héron île michel île squacco île sylvestre île verte ilot déder ilot du sud ilot du milieu ilot du nord ilot dubois ilot macoa ilot marquoix ilots niçois ilot salade middle row island noddy rock north row island petit mentor petit mentor endans petits ilots pink rock and table ronde assumption island astove and cosmoledo atoll comprising 19 islands menai île du nord west north île nord est east north île du trou goélettes grand polyte petit polyte grand île wizard pagode île du sud ouest south île aux moustiques île baleine île aux chauve souris île aux macaques île aux rats île du nord ouest île observation île sud est and ilot la croix in addition to these 155 islands as per the constitution of seychelles there are 7 reclaimed islands ile perseverance ile aurore romainville eden island eve ile du port and ile soleil south island african banks has been eroded by the sea at st joseph atoll banc de sable and pelican island have also eroded while grand carcassaye and petit carcassaye have merged to form one island there are also several unnamed islands at aldabra st joseph atoll and cosmoledo pti astove though named failed to make it into the constitution for unknown reasons bancs providence is not a single island but a dynamic group of islands comprising four large and about six very small islets in 2016 climate edit the climate is very humid as the islands are small 66 and is classified by the köppen geiger system as a tropical rain forest af the temperature varies little throughout the year temperatures on mahé vary from 24 to 30 c 75 to 86 f and rainfall ranges from 2 900 mm 114 in annually at victoria to 3 600 mm 142 in on the mountain slopes precipitation levels are somewhat less on the other islands 67 during the coolest months july and august the average low is about 24 c 75 f the southeast trade winds blow regularly from may to november and this is the most pleasant time of the year the hot months are fro...