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herpa शेर्वि तम्ङ॓ śērwī tamṅē ཤར པའི སྐད ཡིག shar pa i skad yig sherpa in devanagari and tibetan scripts native to nepal india china bhutan region nepal sikkim bhutan xizang usa ethnicity sherpa native speakers 260 000 2011 2021 census 1 language family sino tibetan tibeto burman tibeto kanauri bodish tibetic southern tibetic sherpa writing system tibetan devanagari official status official language in nepal india sikkim 2 language codes iso 639 3 xsr glottolog sher1255 elp sherpa sherpa also sharpa sherwa or xiaerba sherpa ཤར པའི སྐད wylie shar pa i skad is a tibetic language spoken in nepal and the indian state of sikkim mainly by the sherpa the majority of speakers of the sherpa language live in the khumbu region of nepal spanning from the chinese tibetan border in the east to the bhotekosi river in the west 3 about 245 000 speakers live in nepal 2021 census some 25 000 in sikkim india 2011 11 000 speakers live in bhutan and some 47 000 in the tibetan autonomous region 2020 sherpa is a subject object verb sov language sherpa is predominantly a spoken language although it is occasionally written using either the devanagari or tibetan script 3 geographical distribution edit sherpa is spoken east of the himalayan region in nepal langtang rasuwa district to olangchungola taplejung district in the following districts of nepal ethnologue koshi province solukhumbu district okhaldhunga district sankhuwasabha district taplejung district ilam district bhojpur district bagmati province ramechhap district dolakha district sindhupalchowk district rasuwa district classification edit sherpa belongs to the tibetic branch of the tibeto burman family it is closely related to central tibetan jirel humla mugom dolpo lo ke nubri tsum langtang kyirong yolmo gyalsumdo kagate lhomi walung and tokpe gola the sherpa language has five closely related dialects these being solu khumbu pharak dram and sikkimese sherpa 4 phonology edit sherpa is a tonal language 5 6 sherpa has the following consonants 7 consonants edit labial dental alveolar retroflex palato alveolar palatal velar glottal nasal m མ m n ན n ɲ ཉ ny ŋ ང ng plosive affricate voiceless p པ p t̪ ཏ t t͡s ཙ ts ʈ ཊ ṭ t͡ʃ ཅ c c ཀྱ ky k ཀ k aspirated pʰ ཕ ph t̪ʰ ཐ th t͡sʰ ཚ tsh ʈʰ ཋ ṭh t͡ʃʰ ཆ ch cʰ ཁྱ khy kʰ ཁ kh voiced b བ b d̪ ད d d͡z ཛ dz ɖ ཌ ḍ d͡ʒ ཇ j ɟ གྱ gy ɡ ག g fricative s ས s ʃ ཤ sh h ཧ h liquid voiceless l̪̥ ལྷ lh ɾ̥ ཧྲ hr voiced l̪ ལ l ɾ ར r semivowel w ཝ w j ཡ y stop sounds p t̪ ʈ k can be unreleased p̚ t̪̚ ʈ̚ k̚ in word final position palatal sounds c cʰ ɟ can neutralize to velar sounds k kʰ ɡ when preceding i e ɛ n can become a retroflex nasal ɳ when preceding a retroflex stop p can have an allophone of ɸ when occurring in fast speech l and r are devoiced at the end of a word or before a consonant vowels edit front back oral nasal oral nasal high i ĩ u ũ mid high e ẽ o õ mid low ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ low a ã ʌ ʌ̃ vowel sounds i u have the allophones ɪ ʊ when between consonants and in closed syllables 5 tones edit there are four distinct tones high v́ high falling v̂ low v̀ and low rising v̌ regardless of the regular tone of the word the last syllable of a question is to be pronounced with a rising tone grammar edit verbs edit verb stems are modified for aspect and mood the imperfective and perfective aspects and the volitional whether an action was intentional infinitive disjunct and imperative commands moods are differentiated in verb suffixes the infinitive disjunct action not intended or not known to be intended past observational mirative speaker s surprise volitional augmentative greater intensity participle durative action lasts through an extended time hortative plural imperative dictative narrating a story descentive ablative and locative are distinguished a verb stem may take on up to three suffixes the perfective and imperfective aspects are often treated as past and non past tenses respectively the labels locative and ablative do not refer to the function of the aspect but rather the homomorphous case like clitic of the same name sherpa is strictly verb final aspect mood suffixes form suffix infinitive u p disjunct hortative k i past observational suŋ mirative nɔk volitional ĩ augmentative s a participle cṽ c n durative i dictative si ablative ne locative la the infinitive also marks the verb of a relative clause and a general action with no specific subject ɲɛ 1sg gen pèt̪ u spill prf inf čʰū water t̪í def t̪èŋa cold nɔ́k mir ɲɛ pèt̪ u čʰū t̪í t̪èŋa nɔ́k 1sg gen spill prf inf water def cold mir the water that i spilled is cold the ablative marking denotes successive actions with some causal relationship t̪í ci 3sg gen dzím ne catch prf abl gal go prf dsjt t̪í ci dzím ne gal 3sg gen catch prf abl go prf dsjt he caught it and went the locative marking denotes when the action in the main clause is done for the purpose of achieving the action in the locative clause d̪am i proper fem gen sa p la eat impf inf loc sʌma food tsò suŋ cook prf dsjt pobs d̪am i sa p la sʌma tsò suŋ proper fem gen eat impf inf loc food cook prf dsjt pobs damu cooked food in order to eat the copula imperfective hín perfective hot̪u is used for existence location identity and adjectival predicates the evidential particle wɛ́ occurs at the end of phrases to denote an action which the speaker witnessed the negative particle má is used with perfective verbs nouns edit there are four case like clitics in sherpa nominative genitive locative and ablative these can also be used to mark arguments of a verb there is a split ergative system based on aspect nominative accusative in the imperfective and ergative absolutive in the perfective 8 pronouns edit personal pronouns in sherpa inflect for number and case third person pronouns may be used as demonstratives and the third person singular nominative also serves as the postnominal definite marker person singular plural nominative genitive locative nominative genitive locative 1 incl d̪ʌkpu d̪ʌkpi d̪ʌkpula 1 excl ŋʌ ɲɛ ŋʌla ɲirʌŋ ɲire ɲirʌŋla 2 cʰuruŋ cʰore cʰuruŋla cʰírʌŋ cʰíre cʰírʌŋla 3 t̪í t̪íki t̪íla t̪iwɔ́ t̪íwi t̪iwɔ́la there are two articles which occur phrase finally the indefinite form is signaled with the enclitic i at the end of a noun phrase adjectives edit the general word order within noun phrases is noun adjective quantifiers and numerals also follow the noun they modify numerals may take on the suffix pa to denote ordinality or kʌr to denote collectivity sherpa numerals gloss one čìk ༡ གཅིག chig eleven čučik ༡༡ བཅུ གཅིག chyu chig two ɲì ༢ གཉིས nyi twelve čìŋɲi ༡༢ བཅུ གཉིས chyung nyi three sùm ༣ གསུམ sum thirteen čùpsum ༡༣ བཅུ གསུམ chyug sum four ǰi ༤ བཞི shyi twenty kʰʌlǰik ༢༠ ཉིས བཅུ nyishyu nyichyu five ŋà ༥ ལྔ nga twenty one kʰʌlǰik ༢༡ ཉིས བཅུ གཅིག nyishyu chyu chig six t̪úk ༦ དྲུག tug thirty kʰʌlsum ༣༠ སུམ བཅུ sum chyu seven d̪in ༧ བདུན duin fifty kʰʌlŋa ༥༠ ལྔ བཅུ ngab chyu eight jɛ́ ༨ བརྒྱད gyad seventy kʰʌld̪in ༧༠ བདུན བཅུ duin chyu nine gu ༩ དགུ gu ninety kʰʌlgu ༩༠ དགུ བཅུ gub chyu ten t͡ɕu ༡༠ བཅུ chu one hundred kʰʌl čìt̪ʰʌmba ༡༠༠ བརྒྱ gya sample text edit the following is a sample text in sherpa of article 1 of the universal declaration of human rights sherpa in tibetan script མི རིགས ཏེ རི རང དབང དང རྩི མཐོང གི ཐོབ ཐང འདྲ འདྲའི ཐོག སྐྱེའུ ཡིན གང ག རྣམ དཔྱོད དང ཤེས རབ ལྷན སྐྱེས སུ འོད དུབ ཡིན ཙང ཕར ཚུར གཅིག གིས གཅིག ལ སྤུན གྱི འདུ ཤེས འཇོག དགོས ཀྱི sherpa in devanagari script मि रिग ते रि रङ्वाङ् दङ् चिथोङ गि थोप्थङ डडइ थोग् क्येउ यिन् गङ् ग नम्ज्योद दङ् शेस्रब् ल्हन्क्ये सु ओद्दुब् यिन् चङ् फर्छुर च्यिग्गि च्यिग्ल पुन्ग्यि दुशेस् ज्योग्गोग्यि sherpa in iast transliteration mi rig te ri raṅvāṅ daṅ cithoṅ gi thopthaṅ ḍaḍaï thog kyeu yin gaṅ ga namjyod daṅ śesrab lhankye su oddub yin caṅ pharchur cyiggi cyigla pungyi duśes jyoggogyi sherpa in the wylie transliteration mi rigs te ri rang dbang dang rtsi thong gi thob thang dra dra i thog skyeu yin gang ga rnam dpyod dang shes rab lhan skyes su od dub yin tsang phar tshur gcig gis gcig la spun gyi du shes jog dgos kyi translation article 1 all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood references edit sherpa at ethnologue 27th ed 2024 the sikkim official languages act pdf sikkim gov in government of sikkim retrieved 27 june 2025 1 2 sherpa history culture encyclopedia britannica retrieved 28 february 2021 tournadre n 2014 the tibetic languages and their classification trans himalayan linguistics historical and descriptive linguistics of the himalayan area 266 1 105 29 1 2 graves thomas e 2007 the phonetics and phonology of the sherpa language sherpa ethnologue retrieved 30 august 2019 nepalese linguistics pdf journal of the linguistic society of nepal 23 371 380 november 2008 retrieved 8 october 2021 graves thomas e april 2007 a grammar of hile sherpa pdf phd thesis university of new york at buffalo retrieved 16 october 2024 external links edit himali sherpa sherpa culture dictionary sherpa english and english sherpa dictionary sherpa dictionary archived 2 march 2013 at the wayback machine print edition sherpa language omniglot v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e bodic tibeto kanauri languages west himalayish western lahaulic pattani tinani kinnauric kanashi kinnauri chitkuli shumcho jangshung eastern central bunan rongpo marcha tolcha sunam zhang zhung almora rangas darmiya chaudangsi byangsi dhuleli bodish tibetic central tibetan central tibetan ü tsang standard tibetan mugom amdo amdo tibetan gserpa khalong mdungnag kham eastern khams tibetan tseku baima choni zhongu dongwang drugchu stonggnyen zitsadegu southern sikkimese bhutia dzongkha bhutanese khamba laya lunana groma brokkat brokpa chochangachakha lakha naapa western ladakhi balti western archaic ladakhi zangskari changthang purgi balti lahuli spiti western innovative lahuli stod bhoti spiti bhoti nyamkat tukpa jad sherpa jirel sherpa jirel kyirong kagate kyirong kagate tsum yolmo nubri gyalsumdo tshangla east bodish tshangla tshangla east bodish takpa dzala nyen chali bumthang kheng kurtöp nupbi ʼole basum basum tamangic tgtm tamang gurung thakali seke manang chantyal ghale ghale kutang kaike kaike v t e languages of nepal official languages federal level nepali province level awadhi bajjika bhojpuri doteli gurung limbu maithili magar nepal bhasa tamang tharu nepal portal indigenous languages sino tibetan kiranti bahing bantawa belhare chamling dhimal dumi sampang sunwar tilung thulung vayu waling yakkha magaric bhujel chepang dura kham newaric baram thangmi raji raute raji raute tamangic chantyal ghale kaike manang tibetic jirel kagate kyirong lepcha mugomt naapa nubri sherpa sikkimese bhutia yolmo indo aryan angika bengali danwar hindi jumli kumal magahi majhi marwari rajbanshi rangpuri kochila urdu sign language ghandruk sign language jhankot sign language jumla sign language maunabudhuk bodhe sign language nepali sign language other english kusunda kurukh majhwar mundari santali sanskrit v t e languages of northeast india arunachal pradesh sal deori nocte singpho tangsa tutsa wancho tani adi apatani bori gallong nishi tangam yano other assamese hajong karbi milang nefamese puimei assam indo aryan assamese bengali bishnupriya manipuri haflong hindi sylheti sino tibetan kuki chin amri karbi bawm biate chiru gangte hmar hrangkhol karbi paite ranglong saihriem sakachep vaiphei sal barman bodo deori dimasa garo kachari koch kokborok moran nocte rabha singpho tangsa tiwa turung tutsa wancho tani adi bangni tagin bokar hill miri mising na nishi zeme inpui khoirao maram rongmei zeme other hajong meitei kra dai aiton ahom khamti khamyang phake manipur kuki chin northern anāl biate chiru chothe gangte hrangkhol kom lamkang moyon paite purum ralte simte thadou vaiphei zou other hmar mizo monsang sakachep sorbung tarao zeme inpui khoirao maram puimei rongmei zeme other chairel maring uipo meitei sopvoma tangkhul meghalaya kuki chin amri karbi biate gangte karbi khelma mizo vaiphei khasic khasi lyngngam pnar war other atong garo hajong koch mizoram biate falam hakha chin hmar khelma kokborok mara mizo nga la ranglong paite ralte tedim zyphe nagaland sino tibetan angami pochuri angami chokri kuzhami moyon ntenyi pochuri rengma sümi sopvoma ao ao lotha mongsen ao sangtam wui yimchungrü sal chang dimasa khiamniungan konyak nocte phom wancho zeme inpui lamkang mzieme rongmei zeme other chiru chothe khelma makury tangkhul other assamese nagamese creole sikkim gurung lepcha limbu magar nepali newar sherpa sikkimese bhutia sunwar tamang yakkha yolmo tripura indo aryan bengali bishnupriya manipuri sylheti sino tibetan bawm darlong koch kokborok meitei mizo mogh paite ralte ranglong tangkhul thadou vaiphei zeme authority control databases national israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title sherpa_language oldid 1378710498 categories languages of nepal south bodish languages subject object verb languages languages of sikkim languages of tibet languages written in devanagari languages of koshi province hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing translation from nepali wikipedia use dmy dates from june 2026 language articles citing ethnologue 27 articles containing sherpa language text ill formatted infobox language images iso language articles citing sources other than ethnologue pages with plain ipa webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 5 october 2026 at 20 29 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact 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