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software framework wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 comparison with libraries 2 pattern 3 tradeoffs 4 examples 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents software framework 40 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская тарашкевіца български বাংলা bosanski català čeština dansk deutsch español eesti فارسی suomi français עברית हिन्दी magyar italiano 日本語 qaraqalpaqsha 한국어 മലയാളം nederlands polski português română русский русиньскый simple english српски srpski svenska kiswahili தமிழ் ไทย türkçe українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia software that supports solution development via inversion of control framework computer science redirects here for other uses see framework disambiguation a software framework is software that provides reusable generic functionality which developers can extend or customize to create complete solutions it offers an abstraction layer over lower level code and infrastructure allowing developers to focus on implementing business logic rather than building common functionality from scratch generally a framework is intended to enhance productivity by allowing developers to focus on satisfying business requirements rather than reimplementing generic functionality 1 frameworks often include support programs compilers software development kits code libraries toolsets and apis that integrate various components within a larger software platform or environment unlike a library where user code controls the program s control flow a framework implements inversion of control by dictating the overall structure and calling user code at predefined extension points e g through template methods or hooks frameworks also provide default behaviours that work out of the box structured mechanisms for extensibility and a fixed core that accepts extensions e g plugins or subclasses without direct modification a framework differs from an application that can be extended such as a web browser via an extension or a video game via a mod in that it is intentionally incomplete scaffolding designed to be completed through its extension points while following specific architectural patterns for example a team using a web framework to develop a banking website can focus on writing banking business logic rather than handling low level details like web request processing or state management comparison with libraries edit software frameworks differ from standard libraries in key ways inversion of control in a library user code controls the program s flow and calls library functions as needed in a framework the framework controls the flow and calls user code at specific points often via the template method pattern default behaviour frameworks provide pre implemented functionality e g standard features or workflows that can be used as is or customized within a predefined structure libraries by contrast require user code to assemble and configure functionality structured extensibility frameworks enable new features or altered behaviour through structured mechanisms such as hooks callbacks or apis libraries allow extensibility but without predefined integration points relying on user code for integration open closed principle the framework s core logic is generally fixed allowing extensions e g plugins or subclasses but not modification of the framework itself pattern edit according to pree 2 software frameworks consist of frozen spots and hot spots frozen spots define the overall architecture of a software system that is to say its basic components and the relationships between them these remain unchanged frozen in any instantiation of the application framework hot spots represent the parts where the programmers using the framework add their own code to add the functionality specific to their own project the necessary functionality can be implemented by using the template method pattern in which the frozen spots are known as invariant methods and the hot spots are known as variant or hook methods the invariant methods in the superclass provide default behaviour while the hook methods in each subclass provide custom behaviour when developing a concrete software system with a software framework developers utilize the hot spots according to the specific needs and requirements of the system software frameworks rely on the hollywood principle don t call us we ll call you 3 4 this means that the user defined classes for example new subclasses receive messages from the predefined framework classes developers usually handle this by implementing superclass abstract methods tradeoffs edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed april 2011 learn how and when to remove this message one potential downside of using a framework is that it adds to the size of a program a phenomenon termed code bloat this can be exacerbated by using multiple sometimes competing frameworks in the same codebase learning how to use a framework can be substantial the intended efficiencies of using the framework may be outweighed by the cost to learn it especially for a framework that is new to the development staff 5 however once a framework is learned development team speed may increase for future work learning how to use a framework can be substantial the intended efficiencies of using the framework may be outweighed by the cost of learning it especially for a framework that is new to the development staff 5 however once a framework is learned development team speed may increase for future work some claim that the most effective frameworks evolve from re factoring an existing solution such as a generic one size fits all framework developed by third parties for general purposes rather than from green field development recently microsoft research launched an open source project that covers software engineering web navigation and personal assistant tasks with training data and evaluation methods available to researchers 6 examples edit a framework generally focuses on a specific problem domain including artistic drawing music composition and mechanical cad 7 8 financial modeling applications 9 earth system modeling applications 10 decision support systems 11 media playback and authoring web framework middleware application framework general gui applications enterprise architecture framework some notable frameworks cactus framework high performance scientific computing oracle application development framework laravel php framework pipedream php4delphi vue native opensilver enables legacy applications based on microsoft silverlight wpf and lightswitch to be ported into webassembly applications see also edit class computer programming computer programming structure used to create objects pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets don t repeat yourself principle of software development implicit invocation software design pattern reusable solution template to a commonly needed software behavior software engine core component of a complex software system software platform environment in which a piece of software is executed pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets references edit framework docforge archived from the original on 7 october 2018 retrieved 15 december 2008 pree w 1994 meta patterns a means for capturing the essentials of reusable object oriented design proceedings of the 8th european conference on object oriented programming lecture notes in computer science vol 821 springer verlag pp 150 162 citeseerx 10 1 1 74 7935 doi 10 1007 bfb0052181 isbn 978 3 540 58202 1 citation cite uses deprecated parameter citeseerx help larman c 2001 applying uml and patterns an introduction to object oriented analysis and design and the unified process 2nd ed prentice hall isbn 978 0 13 092569 5 gamma erich helm richard johnson ralph vlissides john 1994 design patterns addison wesley isbn 0 201 63361 2 fayad mohamed schmidt douglas c 1997 object oriented application frameworks communications of the acm 40 10 32 38 doi 10 1145 262793 262798 issn 1557 7317 retrieved 26 may 2026 thompson emma 5 august 2026 microsoft research releases orchard framework for scalable ai agent training edtech innovation hub retrieved 16 september 2026 vlissides j m linton m a 1990 unidraw a framework for building domain specific graphical editors acm transactions on information systems 8 3 237 268 doi 10 1145 98188 98197 s2cid 11248368 johnson r e 1992 documenting frameworks using patterns conference proceedings on object oriented programming systems languages and applications oopsla 92 acm press pp 63 76 doi 10 1145 141936 141943 isbn 0201533723 s2cid 604969 birrer a eggenschwiler t 1993 proceedings of the european conference on object oriented programming frameworks in the financial engineering domain an experience report springer verlag pp 21 35 hill c deluca c balaji v suarez m da silva a 2004 architecture of the earth system modeling framework esmf computing in science and engineering 6 18 28 doi 10 1109 mcise 2004 1255817 s2cid 9311752 gachet a 2003 software frameworks for developing decision support systems a new component in the classification of dss development tools journal of decision systems 12 3 271 281 doi 10 3166 jds 12 271 280 s2cid 29690836 external links edit the dictionary definition of software framework at wiktionary media related to software frameworks at wikimedia commons authority control databases international gnd fast national united states france bnf data czech republic israel other yale lux v t e computer science this template follows roughly the 2012 acm computing classification system hardware printed circuit board peripheral integrated circuit very large scale integration system on a chip soc energy consumption green computing electronic design automation hardware acceleration processor size form systems organization computer architecture computational complexity dependability embedded system real time computing cyber physical system fault tolerance wireless sensor network networks network architecture network protocol network components network scheduler network performance evaluation network service software organization interpreter middleware virtual machine operating system software quality software notations tools programming paradigm programming language compiler domain specific language modeling language software framework integrated development environment software configuration management software library software repository software development control flow software development process requirements analysis software design software construction software deployment software engineering software maintenance programming team open source model theory of computing model of computation stochastic formal language automata theory computability theory computational complexity theory logic semantics algorithms algorithm design analysis of algorithms algorithmic efficiency randomized algorithm computational geometry mathematics of computing discrete mathematics probability statistics mathematical software information theory mathematical analysis numerical analysis theoretical computer science computational problem information systems database management information storage enterprise information social information geographic information decision support process control multimedia information data mining digital library computing platform digital marketing world wide web information retrieval security cryptography formal methods security hacker security services intrusion detection system hardware security network security information security application security human centered computing accessibility extended reality augmented virtual human computer interaction interaction design mobile computing social computing ubiquitous computing visualization concurrency concurrent computing parallel computing distributed computing multithreading multiprocessing artificial intelligence computational intelligence natural language processing knowledge representation and reasoning computer vision automated planning and scheduling search methodology control method philosophy of distributed machine learning supervised unsupervised reinforcement multi task cross validation graphics animation rendering photograph manipulation graphics processing unit image compression solid modeling applied computing quantum computing e commerce enterprise software computational mathematics computational physics computational chemistry computational biology computational social science computational engineering differentiable computing computational healthcare digital art electronic publishing cyberwarfare electronic voting video games word processing operations research educational technology document management outline glossaries category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title software_framework oldid 1375108551 categories software frameworks object oriented programming software architecture hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from december 2021 cs1 errors deprecated parameters articles needing additional references from april 2011 all articles needing additional references pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via module annotated link commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 15 september 2026 at 22 43 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents software framework 40 languages add topic