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employment even though job losses in the taxed industry occurred they were offset by new employment in other sectors of the economy 183 a 2016 modelling study estimated that a 20 tax on ssbs would decrease the consumption of ssbs in australia by 12 6 the tax could decline the prevalence of obesity in the australian population which could lead to gains in health adjusted life years the results showed an increase of 7 6 days in full health for a 20 24 year old male and a 3 7 day increase in longevity for their female peers 184 between 2016 and 2020 economists from the university of iowa cornell university and mathematica a policy research firm conducted a multiyear study of local sweetened beverage taxes in philadelphia oakland seattle and san francisco the study examined the taxes one year impacts on purchases consumption tax pass through rates pricing and product availability it was the first to look at the impacts on oakland s sugar sweetened beverage tax and the first to look at impacts of the taxes on children s consumption in either philadelphia or oakland the study found that almost a year after philadelphia and oakland implemented taxes on sweetened beverages purchases of sweetened beverages declined overall even as some of the effect is reduced by city residents shopping more in nearby untaxed jurisdictions consumption did not decline significantly overall in philadelphia or oakland but there is more evidence of reduced consumption in philadelphia particularly among certain groups findings from the project have been published in peer reviewed journals such as the journal of policy analysis and management 185 economics and human biology 186 the journal of health economics 187 as well as in working papers hosted by the national bureau of economic research 188 and in mathematica issue briefs 189 proposals edit colombia edit a 2016 proposal for a 20 sugary drink tax campaigned by educar consumidores was turned down by the colombian legislature despite opinion polls showing 70 support for it 55 health officials and media outlets received substantial pressure against speaking out in favor of the tax 55 united states edit some of the most notable early tax proposals include protesters in 1919 call for an end to a soda tax in 1914 u s president woodrow wilson proposed a special revenue tax on soft drinks beer and patent medicine after the outbreak of world war i 190 in 2009 the obama administration explored an excise tax on sweetened beverages during health care reform efforts 191 in 2010 new york state explored a soda tax 192 separate from sugary drinks portion cap rule in 2012 the city council of richmond california was voted down at the ballot 193 194 the california state legislature saw a variety of soda tax proposals 195 including in 2013 196 197 in 2014 198 and 2016 198 195 in june 2013 the city of telluride colorado had a proposed tax 199 voted down 200 in july 2014 u s representative rosa delauro of connecticut proposed a national soda tax 201 in november 2014 voters in san francisco and berkeley california voted on soda tax ballot measures 202 the measure was approved in berkeley 203 and received 55 of the vote in san francisco but was short of the needed 2 3 supermajority 204 in a may 2017 election santa fe s proposed tax on all sugar sweetened beverages was voted down 205 public support edit a 2016 poll by morning consult vox finds americans split on their support of a soda tax 206 a 2013 poll concluded that respondents were opposed to government taxes on sugary drinks and candy by a more than 2 to 1 margin 207 in california however support for a tax has been high for a few years according to a field poll conducted in 2012 nearly 3 out of 5 california voters would support a special fee on soft drinks to fight childhood obesity 208 see also edit carbon tax list of sovereign states by body mass index satiety value sin tax references edit turner nick seattle s sweetened beverage tax producing healthier than expected 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