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tai (109), lue (52), the (49), #language (44), thai (41), languages (35), and (35), edit (31), northern (21), with (20), chinese (18), lao (18), dai (17), other (16), are (16), sign (15), syllables (15), script (14), articles (14), zhuang (14), words (14), new (12), hmong (11), 000 (11), tones (11), from (9), kra (9), tibetan (9), mien (9), also (9), wikipedia (8), vietnamese (8), laos (8), yunnan (8), kam (8), long (8), english (8), tone (8), tham (8), text (7), containing (7), burmese (7), short (7), vietnam (7), thailand (7), southern (7), shan (7), central (7), china (7), related (7), people (7), alphabet (7), consonant (7), many (7), toggle (6), this (6), old (6), links (6), proto (6), southwestern (6), sino (6), minority (6), official (6), dictionary (6), syllable (6), vowels (6), for (6), may (5), page (5), pages (5), different (5), cao (5), lan (5), tày (5), dam (5), lanna (5), chiang (5), min (5), cham (5), korean (5), hani (5), akha (5), austronesian (5), austroasiatic (5), 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recently, regained, government, simplified, ᩃᩢᩣ᩠ᨶ, ᦟᦱᧃᧉ, ᧐᧐᧐᧐᧐᧐, sɛn, ᩈᩯ᩠ᨶ, ᦶᦉᧃ, ᧐᧐᧐᧐᧐, mɯn, ᩉ᩠ᨾᩨ᩵ᩁ, ᦖᦹᧃᧈ, ᧐᧐᧐᧐, pan, ᨻᩢ᩠ᨶ, ᧐᧐᧐, hɔi, ᩁᩢᩭ, ᦣᦾᧉ, saːw, ᦌᦱᧁ, sip, ᦉᦲᧇ, kaw, ᨠᩮᩢᩢᩣ, ᦂᧁᧉ, pɛt, ᨸᩯ᩠ᨯ, ᦶᦔᧆᧈ, t͡ɕet, ᦵᦈᧆ, hok, ᦷᦠᧅ, haː, ᩉᩢᩣ, ᦠᦱᧉ, siː, ᩈᩦ᩵, ᦉᦲᧈ, sam, ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, ᦉᦱᧄ, sɔŋ, ᩈᩬᨦ, ᦉᦸᧂ, ᨶᩧ᩠᩵ᨦ, ᦓᦹᧂᧈ, sun, ᦉᦳᧃ, ให้, ᩉᩨᩢ, give, let, hâj, hɯ᷅, differences, ประเทศ, ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ, country, pʰa, têːt, praʔtʰêːt, pʰaʔtêːt, often, when, followed, becomes, note, that, between, even, etymologically, share, same, root, ทาง, ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ, way, tāːŋ, tʰaːŋ, tâːŋ, พ่อ, ᨻᩳ᩵, father, pɔ̂ː, pʰɔ̂, คิด, ᨣᩧ᩠ᨯ, think, kɯ́t, kʰít, kɯt, เชียงราย, ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, province, rai, t͡ɕʰiaŋ, raːj, t͡ɕêŋ, hâːj, group, อักษรต่ำ, ʔàk, sɔ̌n, tàm, รู้, ᩁᩪᩢ, know, hûː, húː, rúː, hùː, รัก, ᩁᩢ᩠ᨠ, love, hāk, ha᷇k, rák, hak, ร้อน, ᩁᩢᩬᩁ, hot, hɔ̂n, hɔ́ːn, rɔ́n, hɔ̀n, single, sound, associated, case, กิน, ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ, eat, kín, สิบ, síp, เจ็ด, t͡ɕét, hók, หนึ่ง, ᨶ᩠ᨦᩧ᩵, พี่ชาย, ᩋᩢᩣ᩠ᨿ, older, brother, ʔâːj, ʔa᷇ːj, pʰîː, t͡ɕʰaːj, ʔa᷅ːj, พูด, ᩋᩪᩢ, ʔu᷇ː, pʰûːt, ʔu᷅ː, ยี่สิบ, twenty, sáːw, sāw, jîː, sìp, sâːw, given, equivalents, comparison, left, right, borrowed, among, limited, intelligibility, shares, much, khun, lexical, similarity, nua, affixes, pali, sanskrit, where, naj1, pʰaj1, how, ᦂᦲᧈ, kii1, why, sɯɯ4, saŋ1, order, usually, svo, modifiers, adjectives, follow, nouns, subject, verb, object, xaw1caw3, ᨡᩮᩢᩣᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, ᦃᧁᦈᧁᧉ, xaw1, ᨡᩮᩢᩣ, man4, ᨾᩢ᩠ᨶ, 3rd, suu1taan5, ᩈᩪᨴ᩵ᩤ᩠ᨶ, ᦉᦴᦑᦱᧃᧈ, suu1, tun1caw3, ᨲᩫ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢᩢᩣ, ᦎᦳᧃᦈᧁᧉ, xiŋ4, ᨤᩥ᩠ᨦ, ᦆᦲᧂ, caw3man4, ᨧᩮᩢᩢᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨶ, ᦈᧁᧉᦙᧃ, 2nd, haw4, ᩁᩮᩢᩣ, inclusive, tuu1xɔj3, ᨲᩪᨡᩢᩭ, ᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉ, tuu1, xaa3nɔj6, ᨡᩢᩣᨶᩢᩭ, ᦃᦱᧉᦓᦾᧉ, xaa3, ᨡᩢᩣ, ᦃᦱᧉ, pʰuu3xaa3, ᨹᩪᩢᨡᩢᩣ, ᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉ, exclusive, 1st, steal, lāk, ᩃᩢ᩠ᨠ, la᷄ːk, ᦜᦱᧅᧈ, ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨠ, risinɡ, lák, ᩉᩖᩢᨠ, obstruent, price, ᦅᦱᧈ, ᨣ᩵ᩤ, kaː, not, marked, business, ᦅᦱᧉ, ᨣᩢᩤ, kàː, stuck, kâː, falling, ᦂᦱᧈ, ᨠ᩵ᩣ, ka᷄ː, rice, shoots, ᦂᦱᧉ, ᨠᩢᩣ, ka᷅ː, crow, káː, transcription, such, allowed, those, sonorant, aːj, additionally, several, generally, without, codas, occur, whereas, ones, except, close, 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Text of the page (random words):
ми ລາວ မြန်မာဘာသာ nederlands polski piemontèis ရခိုင် русский scots svenska kiswahili ไทย türkçe татарча tatarça اردو tiếng việt 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia southwestern tai language lue language redirects here for bantu lue of cameroon see oroko language lu language redirects here for cai long language of guizhou see luren language for the romanization scheme of hokkien used in taiwan see tai lo tai lue ᦅᧄᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ ᨣᩤᩴᨴᩱ᩠ᨿᩃᩨᩢ kam tai lue pronunciation kâm tâj lɯ̀ native to china laos thailand myanmar vietnam region yunnan china ethnicity tai lue native speakers 550 000 cited 2000 2013 1 language family kra dai tai southwestern thai chiang saen tai lue writing system tai tham alphabet thai alphabet new tai lue alphabet official status recognised minority language in china laos thailand myanmar vietnam language codes iso 639 3 khb glottolog luuu1242 you may need rendering support to display the uncommon unicode characters in this article correctly tai lue new tai lü ᦅᧄᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ tai tham ᨣᩤᩴᨴᩱ᩠ᨿᩃᩨᩢ kam tai lue kâm tâj lɯ̀ a or xishuangbanna dai is a tai language of the lu people spoken by about 700 000 people in southeast asia this includes 280 000 people in china yunnan 200 000 in burma 134 000 in laos 83 000 in thailand and 4 960 in vietnam 2 the language is similar to other tai languages and is closely related to kham mueang or tai yuan which is also known as northern thai language in yunnan it is spoken in all of xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture as well as jiangcheng hani and yi autonomous county in pu er city in vietnam tai lue speakers are officially recognised as the lự ethnic minority although in china they are classified as part of the dai people along with speakers of the other tai languages apart from zhuang phonology edit tai lue has 21 syllable initial consonants nine syllable finals and six tones three different tones in checked syllables six in open syllables consonants edit initials edit labial alveolar palatal velar glottal plain labial nasal m ᦖ ᦙ n ᦐ ᦓ ŋ ᦄ ᦇ plosive tenuis p ᦔ ᦗ t ᦎ ᦑ k ᦂ ᦅ kʷ ᦦ ᦨ ʔ ᦀ ᦁ aspirated pʰ ᦕ ᦘ tʰ ᦏ ᦒ voiced b ᦢ ᦥ d ᦡ ᦤ affricate t͡s ᦈ ᦋ fricative voiceless f ᦚ ᦝ s ᦉ ᦌ x ᦃ ᦆ xʷ ᦧ ᦩ h ᦠ ᦣ voiced v w ᦛ ᦞ approximant l ᦜ ᦟ j ᦊ ᦍ the initials t͡s and s are palatalized before front vowels which in the language are i e and ɛ and become t͡ɕ and ɕ respectively for example t͡síŋ hard and si᷄p ten are pronounced as t͡ɕiŋ and ɕip respectively some textbooks denote t͡s as c finals edit labial alveolar palatal velar glottal nasal m ᧄ n ᧃ ŋ ᧂ plosive p̚ ᧇ t̚ ᧆ k̚ ᧅ ʔ ᦰ approximant w ᧁ vowels edit each vowel quality occurs in long short pairs these are distinct phonemes forming distinct words in tai lue vowel chart showing monophthongs used by many tai languages including tai lue front central back back short long short long short long close iʔ ᦲᦰ i ː ᦲ ɯʔ ᦹᦰ ɯ ː ᦹ u ʔ ᦳ uː ᦴ mid eʔ ᦵ ᦰ e ː ᦵ ɤʔ ᦵ ᦲᦰ ɤ ː ᦵ ᦲ oʔ ᦷ ᦰ o ː ᦷ open ɛʔ ᦶ ᦰ ɛ ː ᦶ aʔ ᦰ aː ᦱ ɔʔ ᦸᦰ ɔ ː ᦸ generally vowels in open syllables without codas occur as long whereas ones in closed syllables are short except aː and uː diphthongs edit additionally tai lue uses several diphthongs new tai lue ipa ᦺ aj ᦻ aːj ᦼ uj ᦽ oj ᦾ ɔj ᦿ ɯj ᦵ ᧀ ɤj tones edit contrastive tones in unchecked syllables edit the table below presents six phonemic tones in unchecked syllables i e closed syllables ending in sonorant sounds such as m n ŋ w and j and open syllables there are six tones for unchecked syllables although only three are allowed in checked syllables those ending with p t or k description contour transcription number example old tai lue new tai lue script meaning high 55 á 1 káː ᨠᩣ ᦂᦱ crow low rising 13 a᷅ 3 ka᷅ː ᨠᩢᩣ ᦂᦱᧉ rice shoots high rising 35 a᷄ 5 ka᷄ː ᨠ᩵ᩣ ᦂᦱᧈ to go falling 51 â 2 kâː ᨣᩤ ᦅᦱ to be stuck low 11 à 4 kàː ᨣᩢᩤ ᦅᦱᧉ to do business mid 33 a not marked 6 kaː ᨣ᩵ᩤ ᦅᦱᧈ price contrastive tones in checked syllables edit the table below presents two phonemic tones in checked syllables i e closed syllables ending in a glottal stop ʔ and obstruent sounds which are p t and k tone contour number example new tai lue phonemic meaning high 55 7 ᩉᩖᩢᨠ ᦜᧅ lák post high risinɡ 35 9 ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨠ ᦜᦱᧅᧈ la᷄ːk differ from others mid 33 8 ᩃᩢ᩠ᨠ ᦟᧅ lāk steal grammar edit pronouns edit 3 singular familiar singular deferential plural familiar plural deferential 1st person exclusive ᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉ ᨹᩪᩢᨡᩢᩣ pʰuu3xaa3 ᦃᦱᧉ ᨡᩢᩣ xaa3 ᦃᦱᧉᦓᦾᧉ ᨡᩢᩣᨶᩢᩭ xaa3nɔj6 ᦎᦴ ᨲᩪ tuu1 ᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉ ᨲᩪᨡᩢᩭ tuu1xɔj3 inclusive ᦣᧁ ᩁᩮᩢᩣ haw4 2nd person ᦈᧁᧉᦙᧃ ᨧᩮᩢᩢᩣᨾᩢ᩠ᨶ caw3man4 ᦆᦲᧂ ᨤᩥ᩠ᨦ xiŋ4 ᦎᦳᧃᦈᧁᧉ ᨲᩫ᩠ᨶᨧᩮᩢᩢᩣ tun1caw3 ᦉᦴ ᩈᩪ suu1 ᦉᦴᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᩈᩪᨴ᩵ᩤ᩠ᨶ suu1taan5 3rd person ᦎᦳᧃᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᨲᩫ᩠ᨶᨴ᩵ᩤ᩠ᨶ tun1taan5 ᦙᧃ ᨾᩢ᩠ᨶ man4 ᦎᦳᧃᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᨲᩫ᩠ᨶᨴ᩵ᩤ᩠ᨶ tun1taan5 ᦃᧁ ᨡᩮᩢᩣ xaw1 ᦃᧁᦈᧁᧉ ᨡᩮᩢᩣᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ xaw1caw3 syntax edit word order is usually subject verb object svo modifiers e g adjectives follow nouns interrogatives edit 3 word meaning ᦉᧂ saŋ1 what ᦌᦹ sɯɯ4 why ᦂᦲᧈ kii1 how many ᦺᦕ pʰaj1 who ᦺᦐ naj1 where vocabulary edit as in thai and lao tai lue has borrowed many sanskrit and pali words and affixes among the tai languages in general tai lue has limited intelligibility with shan and tai nua and shares much vocabulary with the other southwestern tai languages tai lue has 95 lexical similarity with northern thai lanna 86 with central thai 93 with shan and 95 with khun 1 below some thai lue words are given with standard central thai equivalents for comparison thai words are shown on the left and tai lue words written in tai tham script are shown on the right different words edit many words differ from thai greatly ยี่สิบ ᨪᩣ᩠ᩅ jîː sìp sâːw twenty cf lao sáːw northern thai sāw พูด ᩋᩪᩢ pʰûːt ʔu᷅ː to speak cf northern thai ʔu᷇ː พี่ชาย ᩋᩢᩣ᩠ᨿ pʰîː t͡ɕʰaːj ʔa᷅ːj older brother cf lao ʔâːj northern thai ʔa᷇ːj similar words edit some words differ in tone only หนึ่ง ᨶ᩠ᨦᩧ᩵ nɯŋ one หก ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ hók six เจ็ด ᨧᩮ᩠ᨯ t͡ɕét seven สิบ ᩈᩥ᩠ᨷ síp ten กิน ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ kín to eat some words differ in a single sound and associated tone in many words the initial ร r in thai is ฮ h in tai lue as is also the case in lao and tai yuan ร้อน ᩁᩢᩬᩁ rɔ́n hɔ̀n hot cf lao hɔ̂n northern thai hɔ́ːn รัก ᩁᩢ᩠ᨠ rák hak to love cf lao hāk northern thai ha᷇k รู้ ᩁᩪᩢ rúː hùː to know cf lao hûː northern thai húː aspirated consonants in the low class consonant group อักษรต่ำ ʔàk sɔ̌n tàm become unaspirated เชียงราย ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ t͡ɕʰiaŋ raːj t͡ɕêŋ hâːj chiang rai city and province คิด ᨣᩧ᩠ᨯ kʰít kɯt to think cf northern thai kɯ́t พ่อ ᨻᩳ᩵ pʰɔ̂ pɔ father cf northern thai pɔ̂ː ทาง ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ tʰaːŋ tâːŋ way cf northern thai tāːŋ note that the vowels also differ greatly between tai lue and thai in many words even though they are etymologically related and share the same root though many aspirated consonants often become unaspirated when an unaspirated consonant is followed by ร r the unaspirated consonant becomes aspirated ประเทศ ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ praʔtʰêːt pʰaʔtêːt country cf northern thai pʰa têːt other differences ให้ ᩉᩨᩢ hâj hɯ᷅ to give let numbers edit 0 ᧐ ᦉᦳᧃ sun 1 1 ᦓᦹᧂᧈ ᨶᩧ᩠᩵ᨦ nɯŋ 6 2 ᧒ ᦉᦸᧂ ᩈᩬᨦ sɔŋ 1 3 ᧓ ᦉᦱᧄ ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ sam 1 4 ᧔ ᦉᦲᧈ ᩈᩦ᩵ siː 5 5 ᧕ ᦠᦱᧉ ᩉᩢᩣ haː 3 6 ᧖ ᦷᦠᧅ ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ hok 7 7 ᧗ ᦵᦈᧆ ᨧᩮ᩠ᨯ t͡ɕet 7 8 ᧘ ᦶᦔᧆᧈ ᨸᩯ᩠ᨯ pɛt 9 9 ᧙ ᦂᧁᧉ ᨠᩮᩢᩢᩣ kaw 3 10 ᧐ ᦉᦲᧇ ᩈᩥ᩠ᨷ sip 7 20 ᧒᧐ ᦌᦱᧁ ᨪᩣ᩠ᩅ saːw 2 100 ᧐᧐ ᦣᦾᧉ ᩁᩢᩭ hɔi 4 1 000 ᧐᧐᧐ ᦗᧃ ᨻᩢ᩠ᨶ pan 2 10 000 ᧐᧐᧐᧐ ᦖᦹᧃᧈ ᩉ᩠ᨾᩨ᩵ᩁ mɯn 5 100 000 ᧐᧐᧐᧐᧐ ᦶᦉᧃ ᩈᩯ᩠ᨶ sɛn 1 1 000 000 ᧐᧐᧐᧐᧐᧐ ᦟᦱᧃᧉ ᩃᩢᩣ᩠ᨶ lan 4 writing systems edit tai lue is written in three different scripts one is the fak kham script a variety of the thai script of sukhothai the second is the tham script which was reformed in the 1950s but is still in use and has recently regained government support the new script is a simplified version of the old script fak kham edit fak kham is an ancient script also used in kengtung northern thailand and northern laos centuries ago citation needed tham edit the tham script is called 老傣文 lao dai wen old dai script in chinese it is readable by most people in burma laos thailand and vietnam citation needed new tai lue edit china post logo with the new tai lue script in mohan yunnan books printed in new tai lue alphabet new tai lue is a modernization of the lanna alphabet also known as the tai tham script which is similar to the thai alphabet and consists of 42 initial consonant signs 21 high tone class 21 low tone class seven final consonant signs 16 vowel signs two tone letters and one vowel shortening letter or syllable final glottal stop vowels signs can be placed before or after the syllable initial consonant similar to the thai alphabet the pronunciation of the tone of a syllable depends on the class the initial consonant belongs to syllable structure and vowel length and the tone mark related varieties edit the bajia people 八甲人 who number 1 106 individuals in mengkang village 勐康村 meng a town 勐阿镇 menghai county yunnan speak a language closely related to tai lue citation needed there are 225 bajia people living in jingbo township 景播乡 menghai county you 2013 270 4 the bajia are also known as the chinese dai 汉傣 see also edit tai nüa language tai dam language notes edit chinese 傣仂语 pinyin dǎilèyǔ burmese လူးရှမ်း romanized luu shan lao ພາສາໄຕລື້ thai ภาษาไทลื้อ romanized phasa thai lue pronounced pʰāː sǎː tʰāj lɯ́ː vietnamese tiếng lự or tiếng lữ also spelled tai lɯ tai lü thai lue tai le references edit 1 2 tai lue at ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required lü ethnologue 1 2 tai lü dictionary webonary you weiqiong 尤伟琼 2013 yúnnán mínzú shìbié yánjiū 云南民族识别研究 classifying ethnic groups of yunnan in chinese beijing minzu chubanshe isbn 978 7 105 12703 0 further reading edit xishuangbanna daizu zizhizhou 2002 dǎi hàn cídiǎn 傣汉词典 dai chinese dictionary in chinese kunming shi yunnan minzu chubanshe this is a dictionary of tai lue in unreformed spelling yu cuirong 喻翠荣 luo meizhen 罗美珍 2004 dǎilè hàn cídiǎn 傣仂汉词典 tai lue chinese dictionary in chinese beijing shi minzu chubanshe isbn 7 105 05834 x hanna william j 2012 dai lue english dictionary chiang mai silkworm books isbn 978 616 215 031 9 external links edit tai lue language test of wikipedia at wikimedia incubator seasite tai lue under construction omniglot tai lue script tai lue dictionary online li juan 2022 grammaire descriptive du tai lü a descriptive grammar of tai lue paris sorbonne université phd dissertation links to related articles v t e languages of myanmar official languages burmese semiofficial language english indigenous languages by state or region chin kuki chin northwestern anāl lamkang moyon northeastern ngawn paite simte siyin tedim thadou vaiphei zo central bawm falam hakha mizo ngawn thor maraic lautu mara senthang zotung zyphe khomic khumi mro southern daai kaang khumi kʼchò laitu läoktü matu nga la shö songlai sumtu thaiphum uppu other anu hkongso kachin sino tibetan achang drung hpon jingpo lashi lhao vo lisu nusu rawang zaiwa other khamti nùng palaung tai laing kayah kayaw karenni kayin bwe karen geba karen pwo eastern western s gaw karen magway rungtu taungtha mon mon rakhine rakhine chakma laitu mro khimi mru rohingya sak sagaing sal khiamniungan konyak leinong makyam ponyo sak tangsa other akyaung ari anal koki makury long phuri para tangkhul shan austroasiatic blang danau palaung riang tai loi wa sino tibetan akeu akha danu geko karen intha lahta lahu pa o padaung pyen taungyo southwestern mandarin kra dai khün tai lue shan tai nuea hmong mien hmong njua tanintharyi malay moken s gaw tavoyan non indigenous immigrant language burmese hindi punjabi russian vietnamese working language english japanese korean sign languages burmese sign language v t e languages of china official standard chinese varieties of chinese danzhou mandarin northeastern beijing ji lu jiao liao zhongyuan lan yin jin southwestern sichuanese southeastern gan hakka hui mai min southern hokkien teoswa hainanese eastern puxian central northern shaojiang pinghua shaozhou tuhua shanke wu chu qu jiangshan qingtian quzhou oujiang taihu jinxiang northwestern changzhou hangzhou northern zhejiang ningbo shaoxing su jia hu shanghainese suzhou wuxi taizhou taizhou proper wuzhou jinhua xuanzhou xiang new old yue cantonese regional ars sars cantonese hk mc english hk mongolian nm portuguese mc tibetan xz uyghur xj zhuang gx prefecture hmong kam bouyei tujia korean qiang yi kyrgyz kazakh tai nüa tai lü zaiwa lisu bai hani zhuang counties banners numerous indigenous sino tibetan languages lolo burmese mondzish kathu maang manga mango maza mondzi muangphe burmish achang chashan lashi lhao vo pela xiandao zaiwa loloish hanoish akeu akha amu angluo asuo baihong bisu budu bukong cosao duoni duota enu habei hani honi jino kabie kaduo lami laomian laopin mpi muda nuobi nuomei phana piyo qidi sadu sangkong suobi tsukong woni yiche lisoish eka hlersu kua nsi kuamasi laizisi lalo lamu lavu lawu limi lipo lisu lolopo mangdi micha mili sonaga toloza xuzhang yangliu zibusi nisoish alingpo alugu aluo axi azha azhe bokha gepo khlula lope moji muji muzi nasu nisu nuosu phala phola phowa phukha phuma phupa phupha phuza samei sani thopho zokhuo other gokhy katso kucong lahu naruo namuyi naxi nusu samu sanie zauzou qiangic baima choyo ersu guiqiong horpa japhug khroskyabs laze lizu na muya namuyi naxi pumi northern qiang southern qiang shixing situ tshobdun zbu zhaba tibetic amdo baima basum central tibetan choni dao dongwang drugchu groma gserpa khalong khams kyirong ladakhi tseku zhongu zitsadegu other bai caijia derung jingpo longjia nung tujia waxianghua other languages austroasiatic auva avala bit blang bolyu bugan bumang hu kuan mang man met muak sa aak palaung riang u va northern southern wa hmong mien hmongic a hmao bu nao gejia guiyang hm nai hmong hmu huishui kiong nai luobohe mashan pa hng pa na pingtang qo xiong raojia sanqiao sheyu small flowery xixiu younuo mienic biao min dzao min iu mien kim mun mongolic bonan buryat daur eastern yugur kangjia khamnigan monguor oirat ordos santa torgut kra dai zhuang bouyei dai min ningming nong tai dam tai dón tai hongjin tai lü tai nüa tai ya yang yei other ai cham biao buyang cao miao chadong cun gelao hlai jiamao kam lakkja mak maonan mulam naxi yao ong be paha qabiao sui then tungusic evenki manchu nanai oroqen xibe turkic äynu fuyu kyrgyz ili turki salar western yugur other sarikoli indo european tsat austronesian formosan languages austronesian minority kazakh korean kyrgyz russian esperanto tatar tuvan uzbek vietnamese kinh wakhi creole mixed e hezhou lingling macanese maojia qoqmončaq tangwang wutun extinct ba shu jie khitan old yue rouran saka tangut tocharian tuoba tuyuhun xianbei zhangzhung sign chinese sign hong kong sign tibetan sign gx guangxi hk hong kong mc macau nm inner mongolia xj xinjiang xz tibet v t e languages of laos official language lao minority languages ...