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nu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background 2 classification 3 isoglosses 4 tani language foundation 5 proto tani toggle proto tani subsection 5 1 syllable structure 6 see also 7 notes 8 references toggle the table of contents tani languages 13 languages brezhoneg español français galego हिन्दी hrvatski igbo italiano occitan ଓଡ଼ିଆ తెలుగు tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia language family found in northeast india tani miric geographic distribution arunachal pradesh and assam ethnicity tani people linguistic classification sino tibetan tibeto burman tani subdivisions eastern adi and mising western apatani galo nishi and tagin language codes glottolog tani1259 the tani languages encompass a group of closely related languages spoken by the tani people in northeastern india primarily in arunachal pradesh and assam these languages belong to the sino tibetan family and include several major dialects such as in mising galo apatani adi tagin and nyishi background edit the tani languages are spoken by about 2 170 500 people of arunachal pradesh including the adi apatani galo mising nyishi tagin and of the east kameng west kameng papumpare lower subansiri upper subansiri west siang east siang upper siang lower dibang valley and lohit districts of arunachal pradesh and dhemaji north lakhimpur sonitpur majuli etc districts of assam in arunachal pradesh alone the tani speaking area covers some 40 000 square kilometers or roughly half the size of the state scattered tani communities spill over the sino indian border into adjacent areas in mêdog miguba people mainling bokar and tagin peoples and lhünzê bangni na bayi dazu and mara peoples counties of tibet the name tani was originally suggested by jackson tianshin sun in his 1993 doctoral dissertation 1 classification edit the tani languages are conservatively classified as a distinct branch in sino tibetan their closest relatives may be their eastern neighbors the digaro languages taraon and idu this was first suggested by sun 1993 but a relationship has not yet been systematically demonstrated blench 2014 suggests that tani has a greater siangic substratum with the greater siangic languages being a non sino tibetan language family consisting of idu taraon and siangic languages mark post 2015 2 observes that tani typologically fits into the mainland southeast asia linguistic area which typically has creoloid morphosyntactic patterns 3 rather than with the languages of the tibetosphere post 2015 also notes that tani culture is similar to those of mainland southeast asian hill tribe cultures and is not particularly adapted to cold montane environments a provisional classification in sun 1993 who argued that tani is a primary branch of tibeto burman within sino tibetan is tani eastern tani adi abor damu bori mising aka plains miri padam bor abor minyong bokar incl palibo ramo western tani apatani aka tani nishi nishi aka e dafla nishing possibly including nyisu yano tagin aka w dafla bangni aka na hill miri aka sarak gallong aka duba galo to eastern tani van driem 2008 4 adds the following possible languages tangam milang has traditionally been classified as a divergent tani language but in 2011 was tentatively reclassified as siangic post blench 2011 proto tani was partially reconstructed by sun 1993 a large number of reconstructed roots have cognates in other sino tibetan languages however a great deal of proto tani vocabulary have no cognates within sino tibetan post 2011 and most tani grammar seems to be secondary without cognates in grammatically conservative sino tibetan languages such as jingpho or the kiranti languages post 2006 post 2012 5 suggests that apatani and milang have non tani substrata and that as early tani languages had expanded deeper into arunachal pradesh mixing with non tani languages occurred mark post 2013 6 proposes the following revised classification for the tani languages tani milang eastern tani bori siang adi minyong mising pasi padam bokar pre western tani tangam damu western tani apatani subansiri bangni tagin nyishi hill miri galo lare pugo the undocumented ashing language presumably belongs here however macario 2015 notes that many apatani words are closer to reconstructions of proto tibeto burman matisoff 2003 than to proto tani sun 1993 possible explanations include apatani having a substratum belonging to an extinct tibeto burman branch or language phylum or linguistic variation in proto tani 7 isoglosses edit sun 1993 254 255 lists the following 25 lexical isoglosses between western tani and eastern tani gloss proto western tani proto eastern tani urine sum si blind mik čiŋ mik maŋ mouth gam nap paŋ nose ñv pum ñv buŋ wind n rji sar rain n mv doŋ pv doŋ thunder doŋ gum doŋ mɯr lightning doŋ rjak ja ri fish ŋo i a ŋo tiger paŋ tə mjo mro root m j a pɯr old man mi kam mi ǰiŋ village nam pom duŋ luŋ granary nam suŋ kjum suŋ year ñiŋ tak sell pruk ko breath sak ŋa ferry cross rap koŋ arrive ki pɯŋ say speak ban man lu rich mi tə mi ta mi rem soft ñi mjak rə mjak drunk kjum back adv kur lat² ten čam rjɯŋ tani language foundation edit the tani language foundation tlf is a non profit organization dedicated to preserving and revitalizing the linguistic and cultural heritage of the tani people an indigenous group primarily residing in arunachal pradesh and assam india established by a group of college students of tani ethnicity tlf focuses on unifying the various dialects of the tani languages and ensuring their continued relevance in contemporary society 8 founded by luke rimmo mingkeng lego and takar mili tlf focuses on preserving the various dialects of the tani languages and ensuring their continued relevance in contemporary society 9 10 proto tani edit consonants 11 labial alveolar alveolo palatal velar glottal nasal m n ɲ ŋ ˀ stop p b t d t͡ɕ d͡ʑ k g fricative f v ɕ ʑ h ɦ approximant r j lateral l vowels 11 height front central back close i ɨ u mid e ə o open a while several of its daughter languages are tonal proto tani most likely did not have tone 1 syllable structure edit the proto tani syllable structure is c i g v x 11 c i is an optional initial consonant g is an optional approximant v is the vowel x is an optional coda either a nucleus identical v or a final consonant syllables with an x are heavy while syllables without one are light see also edit siangic languages greater siangic languages notes edit 1 2 sun tianshin jackson 1993 a historical comparative study of the tani mirish branch in tibeto burman archived 4 march 2016 at the wayback machine berkeley university of california phd dissertation post m w 2015 morphosyntactic reconstruction in an areal historical context a pre historical relationship between north east india and mainland southeast asia in n j enfield and b comrie eds languages of mainland southeast asia the state of the art berlin mouton de gruyter 205 261 mcwhorter john h 2007 language interrupted signs of non native acquisition in standard language grammars oxford oxford university press van driem george 2008 the naga language groups within the tibeto burman language family pdf in oppitz michael kaiser thomas von stockhausen alban wettstein marion eds naga identities changing local cultures in the northeast of india benteli pp 311 321 isbn 978 90 5349 680 0 archived pdf from the original on 11 april 2016 retrieved 18 september 2012 post mark 2012 morphological typology north east india and mainland southeast asia mainland southeast asian languages the state of the art in 2012 workshop held at the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology in leipzig germany post mark w 2013 defoliating the tani stammbaum an exercise in areal linguistics paper presented at the 13th himalayan languages symposium canberra australian national university aug 9 macario macario 2015 konnerth linda morey stephen sarmah priyankoo teo amos eds north east indian linguistics vol 7 canberra asia pacific linguistics australian national university pp 213 233 hdl 1885 95392 isbn 9781922185273 arunachal pradesh tlf leads efforts to preserve indigenous linguistic heritage sentinel assam 3 january 2025 retrieved 12 january 2025 upsc coaching in delhi ias coaching in delhi srirams ias www sriramsias com retrieved 25 march 2025 students fight to keep dwindling languages of arunachal s tribespeople alive hindustan times 14 february 2025 archived from the original on 18 february 2025 retrieved 25 march 2025 1 2 3 the sino tibetan languages taninet org pdf references edit bradley david 1997 tibeto burman languages and classification in david bradley ed tibeto burman languages of the himalayas canberra australian national university press 1 72 isbn 978 0 85883 456 9 blench roger 2014 fallen leaves blow away a neo hammarstromian approach to sino tibetan classification presentation given at the university of new england armidale 6 september 2014 james a matisoff 2003 the handbook of proto tibeto burman system and philosophy of sino tibetan reconstruction berkeley university of california press isbn 978 0 520 09843 5 van driem george 2001 languages of the himalayas an ethnolinguistic handbook of the greater himalayan region brill isbn 978 90 04 12062 4 post mark 2006 compounding and the structure of the tani lexicon linguistics of the tibeto burman area 29 1 41 60 post mark 2011 isolate substrates creolization and the internal diversity of tibeto burman workshop on the roots of linguistic diversity the cairns institute james cook university australia june 9 10 post mark 2012 the language culture environment and origins of proto tani speakers what is knowable and what is not yet in t huber and s blackburn eds origins and migrations in the extended eastern himalayas leiden brill 161 194 isbn 978 90 04 22691 3 post mark w and roger blench 2011 siangic a new language phylum in north east india 6th international conference of the north east indian linguistics society tezpur university assam india january 29 february 2 sun tianshin jackson 1993 a historical comparative study of the tani mirish branch in tibeto burman archived 4 march 2016 at the wayback machine berkeley university of california phd dissertation v t e tani languages eastern bori siang adi mising plains miri bokar western apatani damu tangam bangni tagin na nishi hill miri sarak yano gallong v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e arunachal languages greater siangic northern mishmi idu digaro taraon siangic koro milang hrusish hruso mijiic miji bangru kho bwa puroik puroik bugun bugun khowa western sherdukpen sartang chug lish southern mishmi miju zakhring meyor v t e languages of northeast india arunachal pradesh sal deori nocte singpho tangsa tutsa wancho tani adi apatani bori gallong nishi tangam yano other assamese hajong karbi milang nefamese puimei assam indo aryan assamese bengali bishnupriya manipuri haflong hindi sylheti sino tibetan kuki chin amri karbi bawm biate chiru gangte hmar hrangkhol karbi paite ranglong saihriem sakachep vaiphei sal barman bodo deori dimasa garo kachari koch kokborok moran nocte rabha singpho tangsa tiwa turung tutsa wancho tani adi bangni tagin bokar hill miri mising na nishi zeme inpui khoirao maram rongmei zeme other hajong meitei kra dai aiton ahom khamti khamyang phake manipur kuki chin northern anāl biate chiru chothe gangte hrangkhol kom lamkang moyon paite purum ralte simte thadou vaiphei zou other hmar mizo monsang sakachep sorbung tarao zeme inpui khoirao maram puimei rongmei zeme other chairel maring uipo meitei sopvoma tangkhul meghalaya kuki chin amri karbi biate gangte karbi khelma mizo vaiphei khasic khasi lyngngam pnar war other atong garo hajong koch mizoram biate falam hakha chin hmar khelma kokborok mara mizo nga la ranglong paite ralte tedim zyphe nagaland sino tibetan angami pochuri angami chokri kuzhami moyon ntenyi pochuri rengma sümi sopvoma ao ao lotha mongsen ao sangtam wui yimchungrü sal chang dimasa khiamniungan konyak nocte phom wancho zeme inpui lamkang mzieme rongmei zeme other chiru chothe khelma makury tangkhul other assamese nagamese creole sikkim gurung lepcha limbu magar nepali newar sherpa sikkimese bhutia sunwar tamang yakkha yolmo tripura indo aryan bengali bishnupriya manipuri sylheti sino tibetan bawm darlong koch kokborok meitei mizo mogh paite ralte ranglong tangkhul thadou vaiphei zeme authority control databases national israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tani_languages oldid 1355070013 categories tani languages languages of assam greater siangic languages hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from march 2024 webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 19 may 2026 at 19 41 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search 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