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iod ulcinj was known as a pirate capital of the adriatic sea this is also seen during the later period of illyrian kingdom from 20 bc to around 300 ad the inhabitants of ulcinj were known to be very confrontational towards foreigners they were especially concerned by border disputes roman edit roman doclea in 168 bc during the third illyrian war olcinium broke with gentius and defected to the romans livy 45 26 2 under roman rule the town received the status of oppidum civium romanorum settlement of roman citizens only to be later granted municipium independent town status the periplus maris erythraei names several indian ports from where large ships sailed in an easterly direction to khruse kruče seaside village in ulcinj 18 from circa 820 the city was the see of a diocese of ulcinj which was only suppressed in 1532 and would be revived as a latin titular bishopric medieval period edit in the 9th century it was in the dyrrhachium theme a military governorate of the byzantine empire in 1010 tsar samuel of bulgaria r 997 1014 failed to conquer the town during the war against the byzantines by 1040 archon stefan vojislav of duklja conquered the region in 1183 serbian prince stefan nemanja conquered olcinium and the town prospered as one of the most significant coastal towns ulcinj remained in nemanjić hands in their kingdom and empire and after the death of emperor dušan r 1331 1355 the region known as lower zeta was under the supervision of gospodin žarko a voivode of emperor uroš the weak until his death in 1360 žarko s lands were then held by the balšić family under balšić control ulcinj continued to be an important town and also minted coins venetian and ottoman rule edit map of ülgün named dulcigno in the italian made map in 1573 by simon pinargenti according to historian luigi paulucci at the time of the venetians the town was half albanian a quarter venetian and one quarter slavic 19 in 1496 arnold von harff created a german albanian dictionary simply by interacting with the population of the city 20 21 the venetians attempted to capture the town twice in 1696 and 1718 but were unsuccessful on both occasions during the 19th century the town began to regain its position as a flourishing port the geographer antonio baldacci reported a merchant marine of 500 ships plying the trade routes between the adriatic and mediterranean coasts in 1867 ulcinj became a kaza of the i̇şkodra sanjak of rumeli veyalet after the congress of berlin in 1878 borders between montenegro and the ottoman empire were redrawn with plav and gusinje being ceded to montenegro but muslim albanian resistance prevented the montenegrins from taking over plav and gusinje so the great powers in 1880 decided to reverse the territorial transfer and offered ulcinj then also known as dulcigno to montenegro as compensation citation needed this led to a dispute between the ottoman empire and the principality of montenegro as the ottoman empire initially refused to recognize the treaty s provisions regarding dulcigno the ottoman garrison in the town had been in place since the 16th century but montenegro claimed that the town and its surrounding territory were historically part of its territory in may 1880 the great powers britain france germany austria hungary italy and russia protested diplomatically and organized a naval demonstration off the coast of dulcigno to put pressure on the ottoman empire to resolve the dispute peacefully the ottoman empire eventually agreed to cede the town and surrounding territory to montenegro in exchange for compensation the surrender of dulcigno the last of the international squadron the graphic 1880 the surrender of dulcigno to montenegro marked a significant expansion of montenegro s territory and was seen as a diplomatic victory for the great powers who had prevented a potentially violent conflict in the region citation needed after the city s annexation to montenegro of its 8 000 strong population about 3 000 albanians left and settled elsewhere in northern albania 142 montenegrin families were brought to settle in the outskirts of ulcinj in the 1880s the population of ulcinj steadily decreased until the post wwii period 22 20th century to present edit ulcinj fish market in 1908 ulcinj became a part of the kingdom of montenegro from 1878 until 1918 when montenegro was absorbed into the kingdom of serbia for a short time before all would be incorporated into the first of the yugoslav federations at the end of the year ulcinj remained within a montenegrin entity whilst a south slavic state had existed until 2006 when which it became part of an independent montenegro following a referendum during the 20th century ulcinj survived heavy declines and new ascents ulcinj was the second biggest town of montenegro when it joined the kingdom in 1880 in just three decades it slid back to 6th place for economic development and number of inhabitants after podgorica niksic cetinje tivat and plava during world war i ulcinj was conquered by austria hungary in 1916 and italy on november 4 1918 23 and since 1920 it was part of the serbo croatian slovenian kingdom later known as the kingdom of yugoslavia as the southernmost city of the coast of the kingdom of yugoslavia ulcinj had a strong turnaround in the 1930s with the development of the tourist industry at that time hotels were built such as krištja republic jadran and koop later galeb world war ii halted economic momentum from 1941 to 1944 ulcinj was under the albanian administration on november 7 1943 ulcinj was bombarded by allied forces with over 46 people killed and many more injured the yugoslav partisans took ulcinj on november 26 1944 and the city become part of socialist yugoslavia 24 25 26 the 1950s and 1960s marked the greatest period of economic development for ulcinj with the construction of a range of modern hotels in the city and the great plain as well as major economic collectives nht riviera of ulcinj agroulqini primary building company otrantkomerc ultep and others it demarcated the southernmost end of the adriatic highway magistrala also constructed in the 50s and 60s in the catastrophic montenegro earthquake on april 15 1979 the city was severely damaged but after only a few years with the solidarity of the citizens of entire yugoslavia it was quickly renovated ulcinj at the end of the eighties had about 40 percent of the tourist turnover in montenegro while two thirds of the guests were foreign mostly german during the kosovo war in 1998 and 1999 thousands of kosovo albanians flocked to ulcinj and its surroundings where they were welcomed in the best possible conditions by the ethnic albanian population of ulcinj and the surrounding area geography edit neighbourhoods edit çarshia mn čaršija is a neighbourhood and town centre which connects the old and new parts neighbourhoods in 2009 it was reconstructed with the asphalt being changed into sett and the water and electrical system were changed the neighbourhood has some 200 shops there are two mosques located in this area the namazgjahu mosque and kryepazari mosque climate edit ulcinj has a mediterranean climate csa in the köppen climate classification 27 winters are cool and very rainy and summers are hot and humid with possible afternoon thunder showers unlike podgorica which is located inland temperatures rarely exceed 35 c 95 f and seldom drop below 0 c 32 f climate data for ulcinj 1991 2020 normals extremes 1949 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 19 6 67 3 26 7 80 1 26 8 80 2 31 7 89 1 33 9 93 0 37 6 99 7 41 1 106 0 41 0 105 8 36 0 96 8 32 6 90 7 27 9 82 2 20 7 69 3 41 1 106 0 mean daily maximum c f 11 5 52 7 12 7 54 9 15 6 60 1 19 0 66 2 23 8 74 8 28 1 82 6 30 7 87 3 31 3 88 3 26 8 80 2 22 3 72 1 17 4 63 3 12 6 54 7 21 0 69 8 mean daily minimum c f 3 6 38 5 4 4 39 9 6 7 44 1 9 6 49 3 13 7 56 7 17 6 63 7 19 5 67 1 20 1 68 2 16 6 61 9 13 0 55 4 9 0 48 2 4 7 40 5 11 5 52 7 record low c f 8 4 16 9 8 3 17 1 5 23 0 4 32 7 5 2 41 4 8 9 48 0 12 3 54 1 10 6 51 1 8 6 47 5 1 1 34 0 2 2 28 0 5 6 21 9 8 4 16 9 average precipitation mm inches 139 9 5 51 126 3 4 97 124 8 4 91 102 7 4 04 77 9 3 07 60 1 2 37 27 8 1 09 39 4 1 55 112 5 4 43 146 3 5 76 167 2 6 58 164 1 6 46 1 289 50 75 average precipitation days 1 mm 9 4 9 6 9 0 9 0 7 0 4 1 2 4 2 9 6 4 8 4 10 3 10 8 89 3 average relative humidity 66 64 66 70 71 69 62 63 66 67 69 67 67 mean monthly sunshine hours 121 3 126 8 170 5 202 3 263 7 299 2 349 9 319 6 255 8 195 7 134 6 118 2 2 557 6 source 1 national oceanic and atmospheric administration 28 source 2 hydrological and meteorological service of montenegro humidity sun 1961 1990 29 30 demographics edit historical population year pop 1948 4 385 1953 4 919 12 2 1961 5 705 16 0 1971 7 459 30 7 1981 9 140 22 5 1991 11 144 21 9 2003 10 828 2 8 2011 10 707 1 1 2023 11 488 7 3 source pop stat mashke org 31 ulcinj is the administrative centre of ulcinj municipality which has a population of 21 395 the town of ulcinj itself has a population of 11 488 ulcinj municipality is the centre of the albanian community in montenegro it is one of two municipalities in montenegro where albanians form the majority with 70 the other being tuzi with a 68 majority population of ulcinj municipality by gender city population female 9 983 50 11 male 9 938 49 89 population of ulcinj town by gender city population female 5 441 50 82 male 5 266 49 18 ethnicity language and religion edit the majority ethnic group in ulcinj are albanians the largest spoken language is albanian population by ethnicity 2011 census population of ulcinj municipality by ethnicity albanians 70 66 montenegrins 12 44 bosniaks 6 12 serbs 5 75 roma egyptians 1 17 other 3 86 population of ulcinj town by ethnicity albanians 60 89 montenegrins 17 07 serbs 8 54 bosniaks 7 30 roma egyptians 2 12 other 4 08 population by ethnicity 2023 census population of ulcinj municipality by ethnicity albanians 73 66 montenegrins 11 9 serbs 5 01 bosniaks 3 89 roma egyptians 1 27 other 4 27 population of ulcinj town by ethnicity albanians 66 85 montenegrins 15 84 serbs 7 17 bosniaks 3 31 roma egyptians 2 06 other 4 77 population by mother tongue 2011 census population of ulcinj municipality by mother tongue albanian 72 04 serbian 11 97 montenegrin 10 73 bosnian 1 04 other 4 22 population of ulcinj town by mother tongue albanian 62 29 serbian 18 18 montenegrin 13 73 bosnian 1 19 other 4 61 population by mother tongue 2023 census population of ulcinj municipality by mother tongue albanian 74 44 montenegrin 11 73 serbian 8 34 bosnian 2 62 other 2 87 population of ulcinj town by mother tongue albanian 67 38 montenegrin 14 54 serbian 12 06 bosnian 2 43 other 3 59 population by religion 2011 census population of ulcinj municipality by religion muslims 71 82 orthodox 14 88 catholics 11 02 other 2 28 population of ulcinj town by religion muslims 68 15 orthodox 22 65 catholics 6 45 other 2 75 population by religion 2023 census further information list of churches in ulcinj population of ulcinj municipality by religion muslims 76 89 orthodox 11 53 catholics 9 83 other 1 75 population of ulcinj town by religion muslims 75 05 orthodox 16 99 catholics 5 86 other 2 1 tourism edit the old town of ulcinj ulcinj is a tourist destination in summer in january 2010 the new york times named ranked the south coast region of montenegro featuring velika plaza ada bojana and the hotel mediteran as one of the top 31 places to go in 2010 32 although ulcinj is still undiscovered by many travelers from larger countries repeat tourists and an increasing number of first time visitors make it a hot spot for vacationers between the months of may and september it is most famous for its sandy beaches citation needed the most valuable resource of the ulcinj riviera is velika plaža albanian plazha e madhe lit the big beach which is a 12 km 7 5 mi long stretch of sandy beach and the longest beach on the montenegrin coast there is a small pebble beach called ladies beach which folk tradition holds to have qualities conducive to fertility there is also a beach called mala plaža albanian plazhi i vogël lit small beach which is much smaller in size but is located in the centre of town and very popular with visitors the korzo as it is called by locals is a promenade which separates a street lined with coffee shops from mala plaža at night during the summer months the korzo is pedestrianised and families and young people gather there are many more less known smaller beaches that serve as get aways from the main tourist areas ulcinj has also a large number of religious buildings like mosques türbes and churches including pasha s mosque sailors mosque and st nicholas church ulcinj s old town is a well preserved citadel surviving from medieval times the old town sits atop a rocky bluff overlooking the shore and is being rapidly restored as a tourist centre ada bojana is popular among foreign tourists from western europe for its peace and atmosphere citation needed a large naturist campsite is located in ada bojana lake šas and ulcinj s salt pond are visited by birdwatchers because ulcinj and its surroundings are major resting points for over 200 bird species on their migration paths there are numerous cafés discos and bars that dot the city that are usually filled to capacity throughout the summer the majority of tourists that visit ulcinj are albanians serbians croatians bosnians slovenians macedonians russians ukrainians and other europeans ulcinj panorama education edit montenegrin name albanian name location language s elementary schools osnovna škola boško strugar shkolla fillore boshko strugar ulcinj montenegrin albanian osnovna škola maršal tito shkolla fillore marshal tito ulcinj montenegrin albanian osnovna škola bedri elezaga shkolla fillore bedri elezaga vladimir albanian osnovna škola marko nuculović shkolla fillore mark nuculloviq donji štoj montenegrin albanian high schools srednja mješovita škola bratstvo i jedinstvo shkolla e mesme e kombinuar vëllazërim bashkim ulcinj montenegrin albanian gimnazija drita gjimnazi drita ulcinj albanian sports and recreation edit ulcinj s southern coast is well known for its active sports recreation possibilities and hunting kitesurfing at ada bojana all manner of water sports at velika plaža scuba diving among wrecks and sunken cities mountain biking hiking orienteering cycling through the olive groves at valdanos long walks along the pristine beaches of the south coast of montenegro even deep sea fishing on the adriatic lake fishing at lake skadar and river fishing in ada bojana due to the fact that the favorable habitat for wild life has excellent conditions of hunting tourism this place is the haven of ornithological gourmand hunting in reč and shenkol most common wildlife are woodcock hare wild boar and ducks list of sport clubs in ulcinj name sport competing founded montenegrin name albanian name fudbalski klub otrant olympic klubi fudbolist...