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ns university published a genetic compression algorithm that does not use a reference genome for compression hapzipper was tailored for hapmap data and achieves over 20 fold compression 95 reduction in file size providing 2 to 4 fold better compression and is less computationally intensive than the leading general purpose compression utilities for this chanda elhaik and bader introduced maf based encoding mafe which reduces the heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting snps by their minor allele frequency thus homogenizing the dataset 80 other algorithms developed in 2009 and 2013 dnazip and genomezip have compression ratios of up to 1200 fold allowing 6 billion basepair diploid human genomes to be stored in 2 5 megabytes relative to a reference genome or averaged over many genomes 81 82 for a benchmark in genetics genomics data compressors see 83 outlook and currently unused potential edit it is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world s storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4 5 1 84 it is estimated that the combined technological capacity of the world to store information provides 1 300 exabytes of hardware digits in 2007 but when the corresponding content is optimally compressed this only represents 295 exabytes of shannon information 85 data compression algorithms edit lossless edit 842 adaptive coding adaptive huffman coding algorithm bstw arithmetic coding asymmetric numeral systems brotli burrows wheeler transform byte pair encoding bzip2 canonical huffman code chain code context mixing context tree weighting deflate delta encoding dictionary coder dynamic markov compression elias gamma coding exponential golomb coding felics fibonacci coding golomb coding grammar based code huffman coding incremental encoding lempel ziv oberhumer lzs lempel ziv storer szymanski lzss lempel ziv welch lzw levenshtein coding lz4 lz77 and lz78 lzfse lzma lzrw lzwl lzx modified huffman coding move to front transform negafibonacci coding packbits paq prediction by partial matching range coding re pair recursive indexing rice coding run length encoding sequitur algorithm shannon coding shannon fano coding shannon fano elias coding snappy truncated binary encoding tunstall coding unary coding universal code zopfli zstandard lossy edit 3dc a law algorithm adaptive differential pulse code modulation adaptive scalable texture compression algebraic code excited linear prediction block truncation coding code excited linear prediction color cell compression delta modulation differential pulse code modulation discrete cosine transform discrete sine transform discrete wavelet transform embedded zerotrees of wavelet transforms fractal compression lapped transform line spectral pairs linear predictive coding log area ratio modified discrete cosine transform mu law algorithm parametric stereo laplacian pyramid pyramid vector quantization s2tc s3 texture compression set 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