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volcanic crater wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 geomorphology 2 see also 3 references toggle the table of contents volcanic crater 67 languages العربية asturianu azərbaycanca беларуская български বাংলা català нохчийн čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית हिन्दी hrvatski kreyòl ayisyen հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული қазақша 한국어 кыргызча latina lietuvių мокшень македонски മലയാളം bahasa melayu plattdüütsch nederlands norsk bokmål occitan polski português runa simi română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska kiswahili ไทย türkçe татарча tatarça українська tiếng việt 吴语 მარგალური 粵語 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity craters on nemrut volcano craters on mount cameroon queen s crater kawah ratu biggest crater of mount tangkuban parahu bandung west java indonesia a volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity 1 it is typically a bowl shaped feature containing one or more vents during volcanic eruptions molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber through a conduit until they reach the crater s vent from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava a volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth during certain types of explosive eruptions a volcano s magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera geomorphology edit in most volcanoes the crater is situated at the top of a mountain formed from the erupted volcanic deposits such as lava flows and tephra volcanoes that terminate in such a summit crater are usually of a conical form other volcanic craters may be found on the flanks of volcanoes and these are commonly referred to as flank craters some volcanic craters may fill either fully or partially with rain and or melted snow forming a crater lake 2 these lakes may become soda lakes many of which are associated with active tectonic and volcanic zones 3 a crater may be breached during an eruption either by explosions or by lava or through later erosion breached craters have a much lower rim on one side some volcanoes such as maars consist of a crater alone with scarcely any mountain at all these volcanic explosion craters are formed when magma rises through water saturated rocks which causes a phreatic eruption volcanic craters from phreatic eruptions often occur on plains away from other obvious volcanoes not all volcanoes form craters irazú volcano costa rica see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to volcanic craters caldera cauldron like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber references edit glossary of terms c physicalgeography net retrieved 2008 04 12 volcanic craters us national park service retrieved 30 june 2023 kempe stephan kazmierczak józef january 2011a soda lakes in joachim reitner and volker thiel ed encyclopedia of geobiology pp 824 829 doi 10 1007 978 1 4020 9212 1_192 v t e earth s landforms list of landforms mountainous butte flat hill mountain range plateau ridge saddle tableland valley continental plain ice sheet plain steppe tundra fluvial alluvial fan beach canyon cave channel cliff floodplain lake island levee meander oasis pond rapids river delta mouth strait swamp valley waterfall glacial arête cirque esker fjord glacier ice field tunnel valley oceanic and coastal landforms atoll bay cape channel coast continental shelf coral reef estuary island isthmus lagoon mid ocean ridge oceanic trench peninsula seamount volcanic island volcanic caldera geyser guyot lava dome lava field submarine volcano volcanic crater volcanic crater lake volcanic dam volcanic island volcanic plateau volcanic plug volcano wall rock aeolian desert dry lake dune sandhill tundra artificial artificial island artificial reef bridge building canal dam ditch land reclamation levee polder quarry reservoir road tunnel see also geographical feature retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title volcanic_crater oldid 1315531493 categories volcanic craters volcanic landforms hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 7 october 2025 at 05 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents volcanic crater 67 languages add topic