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urch did not universally adopt the gregorian calendar at once so that for some time the dates of easter differed between the eastern church and the roman catholic church but not necessarily as between the eastern church and the western protestant churches for example the church of england continued to observe easter on the same date as the eastern church until 1753 even the dates of other christian holidays often differ between eastern and western christianity 23 lack of essence energies distinction edit further information essence energies distinction eastern christianity and particularly the eastern orthodox church has traditionally held a distinction between god s essence or that which he is with god s energies or that which he does they hold that while god is unknowable in his essence he can be known i e experienced in his energies this is an extension of eastern christianity s apophatic theology while western christians tend to prefer a view of divine simplicity and claim that god s essence can be known by its attributes western denominations edit see also western rite orthodoxy today western christianity makes up close to 90 of christians worldwide with the catholic church accounting for over half and various protestant denominations making up another 40 hussite movements of 15th century bohemia preceded the main protestant uprising by 100 years and evolved into several small protestant churches such as the moravian church waldensians survived also but blended into the reformed tradition major branches and movements within protestantism major figures edit bishop of rome or the pope edit further information pope relevant figures clement of rome fl c 96 one of the apostolic fathers of the church pope leo i gregory the great the reformers edit further information protestant reformers relevant figures jan hus c 1369 1415 one of the most relevant theologians in the 14th century martin luther 1483 1546 the most famous reformer and theologian in the reformation and in the 15th century jan łaski 1499 1560 known also as john à lasco leading polish calvinist reformer and a secretary of polish king sigismund ii hans tausen bishop of ribe 1494 1561 leading theologian of the reformation in denmark and holstein laurentius petri archbishop of uppsala and all sweden 1499 1573 along with his brother olaus petri were regarded as the main lutheran reformers of sweden together with the king gustav i of sweden primož trubar 1508 1586 mostly known as the author of the first slovene language printed book 24 the founder and the first superintendent of the protestant church of the duchy of carniola and for consolidating the slovenian language john calvin 1509 1564 john knox 1514 1572 ferenc dávid 1520 1579 founder of the unitarian church of transylvania who laid the foundation for what would become the nontrinitarian movement mikael agricola bishop of turku 1554 1557 he became the de facto founder of literary finnish and a prominent proponent of the protestant reformation in sweden including finland which was a swedish territory at the time he is often called the father of literary finnish archbishop of canterbury and primate of all england edit further information primacy of canterbury relevant figures augustine of canterbury 597 604 thomas cranmer 1533 1555 one of the major reformers in england matthew parker 1504 1575 one of the primary architects of the thirty nine articles archbishop of lyon and primate of the gauls edit further information primate of the gauls relevant figures irenaeus of lyon died c 202 patriarch of aquileia edit further information patriarch of aquileia relevant figures chromatius of aquilea see also edit christianity portal europe portal aristotelianism augustinianism bohemian reformation calvinism latin church fathers ecclesiastical differences between the catholic church and the eastern orthodox church holy roman empire list of christian denominations neoplatonism radical reformation scholasticism swiss reformation theological differences between the catholic church and the eastern orthodox church thomism western culture western religions references edit wikimedia commons has media related to western christianity catholic encyclopedia agnus dei in liturgy www newadvent org retrieved 2 january 2024 centre unesco world heritage vatican city unesco world heritage centre retrieved 2 january 2024 harvey robb 6 november 2023 protestant reformation the free speech center archived from the original on 25 may 2026 retrieved 25 may 2026 hackett conrad stonawski marcin tong yunping kramer stephanie shi anne fahmy dalia 9 june 2025 how the global religious landscape changed from 2010 to 2020 pdf pew research center p 8 doi 10 58094 fj71 ny11 retrieved 22 december 2025 distinguishing the terms latins and romans orbis latinus perry marvin chase myrna jacob james jacob margaret von laue theodore h 1 january 2012 western civilization since 1400 cengage learning p xxix isbn 978 1 111 83169 1 via google books roman catholicism encyclopædia britannica 11 august 2023 roman catholicism christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of western civilization hayas caltron j h 1953 christianity and western civilization stanford university press p 2 that certain distinctive features of our western civilization the civilization of western europe and america have been shaped chiefly by judaeo graeco christianity catholic and protestant orlandis josé 1993 a short history of the catholic church four courts press symeonides nathanael 2016 orthodox christianity and humanitarianism an introduction to thought and practice past and present the review of faith international affairs 14 1 8 doi 10 1080 15570274 2016 1145479 retrieved 30 april 2026 kumar dr sanjay 2021 a handbook of political geography k k publications p 127 general essay on western christianity overview of world religions division of religion and philosophy university of cumbria 1998 9 elmar project accessed 1 april 2012 latin the oxford dictionary of the christian church oxford university press 2005 isbn 978 0 19 280290 3 pentarchy byzantine empire justinian i justinian code britannica britannica retrieved 2 january 2024 woods jr thomas review of how the catholic church built western civilization national review book service archived from the original on 22 august 2006 retrieved 16 september 2006 golitzin alexander 1995 on the mystical life the ethical discourses st vladimir s seminary press pp 119 isbn 978 0 88141 144 7 via google books tate adam l 2005 conservatism and southern intellectuals 1789 1861 liberty tradition and the good society university of missouri press p 190 isbn 978 0 8262 1567 3 bartolo abela marcelle 2011 god s gift to humanity the relationship between phinehas and consecration to god the father apostolate the divine heart pp 32 isbn 978 0 9833480 1 6 via google books hassan ann 2012 annotations to geoffrey hill s speech speech punctum pp 62 isbn 978 1 4681 2984 7 via google books cross frank leslie 1966 the oxford dictionary of the christian church oxford university press p 994 ol 5382229m brodd jeffrey 2003 world religions winona mn saint mary s press isbn 978 0 88489 725 5 page needed kennedy lesley 27 may 2025 8 april 2022 what s the difference between easter and orthodox easter history a e television networks archived from the original on 27 september 2025 quiñones kate 17 april 2025 cna explains why eastern and western easter dates differ and why 2025 is different catholic news agency archived from the original on 2 september 2025 trubar primož slovenian biographical lexicon slovenian academy of sciences and arts archived from the original on 4 november 2013 retrieved 25 april 2013 v t e western christianity cultural sphere of christian traditions that developed in the latin church in the western roman empire further diversified starting from the protestant reformation in the 16th century main divisions catholic church latin church protestantism adventism anabaptism baptists calvinism lutheranism methodism pentecostalism more anglicanism anglican communion anglo catholicism old catholic church union of utrecht union of scranton independent catholicism list of independent catholic denominations others western rite orthodoxy history early christianity state church of the roman empire latin church east west schism 1054 western schism 1378 1417 bohemian reformation 15th century protestant reformation 16th century independent catholicism history of protestantism theology catholic theology protestant theology anglican theology the catholic church also comprises the eastern catholic churches christianity portal v t e christianity index outline glossary people list by country foundations bible canon old testament new testament additional scriptures church tradition the gospel key people apostles church fathers apostolic fathers martyrs prophets jesus in christianity chronology nativity baptism ministry sermon on the mount parables miracles great commandment crucifixion resurrection great commission ascension history timeline early christianity nicene creed persecution role in western society cultural christians spread christianization great church ante nicene period late antiquity constantine first seven ecumenical councils nicaea i ephesus chalcedon state church of the roman empire christian biblical canon middle ages papal states east west schism investiture controversy crusades age of discovery modern era auto da fé protestant reformation catholic reformation thirty years war enlightenment french revolution emigration from the holy land influences on islam denominations list members western catholic independent catholic old catholic protestant adventist anabaptist anglican baptist charismatic evangelical holiness lutheran methodist pentecostal quakers reformed restorationist jehovah s witnesses latter day saint movement iglesia ni cristo western rite orthodoxy eastern eastern orthodox church oriental orthodox miaphysite church of the east nestorian eastern catholic cooperation christendom christian universalism ecumenism charta oecumenica world council of churches world evangelical alliance nondenominationalism beliefs theology afterlife heaven hell angel born again christology divine apathy ecclesiology four marks body of christ one true church people of god canon law faith fall of man forbidden fruit garden of eden final judgement god trinity father son holy spirit kingdom of god love of god love of christ mariology theotokos mission mortification catholic of the flesh new covenant old covenant sainthood salvation satan second coming sin deadly eternal mortal original sins that cry to heaven for vengeance venial stewardship tradition philosophy atonement unlimited cupio dissolvi fallen woman magdalene asylum ethics great apostasy natural law redemptive suffering social mortgage universal destination of goods views on poverty and wealth option for the poor values worldview alcohol homosexuality other religions buddhism druze hinduism islam judaism paganism science evolution politics violence practices ablution evangelism catechesis catechism catholic priest folk christianity open air pastor good works holy water hygiene liturgy catholic eastern catholic eastern orthodox protestant monasticism pilgrimage popular piety prayer sacraments baptism eucharist marriage confirmation penance anointing of the sick holy orders sabbath self flagellation flagellant works of mercy worship culture architecture architecture of cathedrals and great churches art jesus mary trinity god the father holy spirit calendar christmas church buildings lists of cathedrals literature marriage catholic music chant choir gospel hymn introit pop psalm requiem mythology symbolism crucifix flag sign of the cross movements crusading movement anarchism charismatic democracy evangelism mission environmentalism existentialism fundamentalism liberation left right mysticism pacifism prosperity supremacy terrorism traditionalist catholicism opposition anti christian sentiment criticism of jesus related abrahamic religions good and evil miracle nominal christian religious views on love christianity portal category v t e christian liturgical chant eastern armenian byzantine coptic ethiopian galician obikhod kievan prostopinije syriac znamenny western plainsong ambrosian anglican beneventan celtic gallican gelineau gregorian mozarabic old roman v t e latin church patriarchates by order of precedence current rome patriarch of the west pope leo xiv with cathedra in archbasilica of saint john lateran jerusalem pierbattista pizzaballa east indies filipe neri ferrão lisbon rui valério venice francesco moraglia defunct carthage 1964 alexandria 1276 1964 antioch 1098 1964 constantinople 1204 1964 west indies 1524 1963 aquileia 560 1751 ethiopia 1555 1663 grado 560 1451 history apostolic succession history of the papacy papal primacy historical development first martyrs great church early african church vulgate east west schism scholasticism crusades western schism age of discovery humanism protestant reformation council of trent counter reformation vatican i vatican ii 1983 code of canon law apostolic sees rome peter paul syracuse peter malta paul milan barnabas santiago de compostela james church fathers tertullian cyprian hilary of poitiers ambrose pope damasus i jerome augustine of hippo pope gregory i isidore of seville language ecclesiastical latin liturgical use of latin liturgical rites liturgical days current ambrosian rite rite of braga mozarabic rite rite of lyon roman rite mass of paul vi ordinary form tridentine mass extraordinary form anglican use zaire use orders benedictine rite carmelite rite carthusian rite cistercian rite dominican rite norbertine rite defunct african rite aquileian rite british celtic rite durham rite hereford use sarum use york use gallican rite missa nautica missa sicca missa venatoria pre tridentine mass see also latin cross latin church in the middle east latins turkey titular sees eastern catholic churches conference of the latin bishops of the arab regions western rite orthodoxy also doctors of the church category authority control databases national czech republic 2 3 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title western_christianity oldid 1377256262 categories western christianity filioque western culture hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from october 2015 pages using sidebar with the child parameter wikipedia articles needing page number citations from may 2025 articles containing latin language text commons category link from wikidata articles containing tagalog language text this page was last edited on 28 september 2026 at 15 09 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to 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